SPECIATION

Reproductive Isolation

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Speciation involves the formation of one or more
new species from an ancestral species. Production of
two or more new species occurs due to reproductive
isolation between populations.
 Reproductive Isolation

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Reproductive isolation is the failure of individuals
from two populations to mate and produce fertile
offspring, resulting in the reduction or elimination of
gene flow between the populations.
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- In stabilising and directional selection, the population remains a single
group.
Reproductive Isolation
- In disruptive selection, the population may break into two groups.
Individuals with extreme phenotypes may also benefit from a genetic
preference to mate with similar individuals because their offspring would
have less chance of inheriting the disadvantageous intermediate
phenotype. Thus, disruptive selection may cause one population to split
into two, which may eventually become two species.
 Reproductive Isolation

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- A species may gradually change with time to the point
where ancestors are so different from their descendants
that the two groups would be considered different
species. This is called speciation.
- Sometimes an ancestral species gives rise to two or
more new species, increasing the total number of
species.
 Reproductive Isolation

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- Reproductive isolation can be established by many
types of barriers.
- Some barriers may involve physical separation of
populations, but an isolating barrier can
be anything that reduces the chance of fertile
offspring between two groups.
 Geographical Isolation

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- Reproductive isolation can be established by many
types of barriers.
- Some barriers may involve physical separation of
populations, but an isolating barrier can
be anything that reduces the chance of fertile
offspring between two groups.
 Geographical Isolation

DONEC QUIS NUNC

- Reproductive isolation can be established by many
types of barriers.
- Some barriers may involve physical separation of
populations, but an isolating barrier can
be anything that reduces the chance of fertile
offspring between two groups.
 Geographical Isolation

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- When a new species emerges during geographic
separation of a population from other populations it is
known as allopatric speciation.
- Allopatric speciation ( allo – other, patric – country)
is when a new species develops as a result of part of a
population becoming geographically isolated from other
populations.