2

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK................................................................................6
1. Word-building in English slang................................................................................6
1.1. Slang: place in language and definitions................................................................6
1.2. Development of English slang vocabulary.............................................................8
1.3. Word-building mechanisms in slang....................................................................10
METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................13
2. Slang sources and research methodology................................................................13
2.1. Source selection criteria.......................................................................................13
2. Source search methodology.....................................................................................14
ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................15
3. Abbreviations and acronyms in contemporary English slang.................................15
3.1. Abbreviations – description and analysis.............................................................15
3.2. Acronyms – description and analysis...................................................................17
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................19
REFERENCES............................................................................................................21
 3

INTRODUCTION

At the moment, the need to study how cognitive structures are reflected in the
lexical-semantic means of language and how a specific vision of the world,
characteristic of a linguistic and cultural community, is created. The linguistic-
cognitive study of slang allows us to identify general models: aggregates,
configurations of knowledge presented in the process of nomination, which helps to
determine the forms of cognitive division of reality, the cognitive foundations of
world understanding.
In the general direction of the development of cognitive linguistics, the results
of a practical study of the content of certain concepts in the minds of a specific social
and age group – young people, taking into account the specifics of the corresponding
linguistic representations of the concepts, namely the linguistic implementation of
slang, may allow to reveal new additional cognitive components that will be able to
expand knowledge about the nature of concepts.
The relevance of the topic of the course work is that English acronyms and
abbreviations in English slang is a rather important aspect to study, because modern
slang reflects the emergence and development of new phenomena in everyday life,
which is rapidly supplemented by the achievements of scientific and technical
progress. The emergence and use of slang renews and enriches the spoken language,
gives it novelty, regardless of whether certain lexemes remain in use or are replaced
by new ones.
Slang, as one of the significant components of modern youth culture, is at the
same time a factor in the development of many cultural components. The most fully
selected layer of vocabulary is reflected in current music, movies and series, and
social networks, as the basis of research, are a fairly popular element of the youth
cultural environment, which has a great influence on the formation of the vocabulary
of young people and reproduces the most common language units of colloquial
vocabulary and the youth worldview.
 4

The problems of socio-cultural factors of language communication, in

particular, slang, are the subject of constant scientific research in modern linguistics.
Various aspects of slang were studied in the works of Eric Partridge, Henry Mencken,
I.R. Halperina, O.D. Schweitzer. Sociolinguistic parameters of slang, in particular,
were studied in the works of William Labov, M.M. Makovsky, Jonathan Lighter,
Kony Ibl, Yu.A. Zatsny, I.A. Ghonty, O.L. Klymenko. However, the structural and
semantic features of the slang of modern English-language Internet communication
(on the material of social networks Facebook and Instagram) remain insufficiently
disclosed.
The object of research is acronyms and abbreviations in English slang in social
media.
The subject is the structural and semantic features of acronyms and
abbreviations in English slang of modern English-language Internet communication
(on the material of social networks).
The purpose of the work is to analyze the structural and semantic features of
acronyms and abbreviations in English slang of modern English-language Internet
communication (on the material of social networks).
To realize the specified goal, the following tasks are expected to be solved:
1. Describe the concept of slang in modern linguistics.
2. To characterize the English slang of Internet communication as a linguistic
problem.
3. To analyze the structural and semantic features of the slang of modern
English-language Internet communication.
Research methods. In this study, the comparative method with the involvement
of some techniques of the method of scientific description is chosen as the leading
method: observation, interpretation, systematization, classification. Continuous
sampling was used to select the material. The material was collected by sampling
slangisms from social networks. Research methods such as analysis and comparison
of interpretations in dictionaries, contextual analysis, and component analysis were
 5

also widely used in the study, which allow a fuller and deeper understanding of the
meaning of words.
The theoretical significance of the research lies in the fact that its results are a
contribution to the development of a number of theoretical problems related to the
issue of slang, consideration of the structural and semantic features of slang in
modern English-language Internet communication.
The practical significance of the work lies in the use of research results in
lecture and practical courses of sociolinguistics, linguistic culture, and lexicology of
the English language.
The structure of the research is determined by its purpose and tasks. The work
consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions, and a list of references.
 6

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

1. Word-building in English slang

1.1. Slang: place in language and definitions

English slang is one of the subsystems of the English language. The purpose of
my research is to study the system-semantic features of the new English slang. Slang
is a colloquial or familiar type of speech in a particular area. It is usually classified as
a social dialect. The term "slang" usually refers to something that does not coincide
with the norm of the literary language [5].
Linguistics of the last twenty years has actively switched from the study of
written language to the study and analysis of direct live communication. Functional
varieties of the use of the language are derivative, secondary from the elementary and
basic form – colloquial. The study of colloquial speech is extremely important
because spoken language is the only true language and the norm for evaluating all
other forms of speech.
Slang is a social type of language used by a more or less limited number of
people and differing in its structure (phonetics, grammar, token composition and
semantics) from the local standard. The language standard is an exemplary,
normalized language, the norms of which are perceived as correct and obligatory, and
which is opposed to dialects and vernacular. Slang is implemented in a particular
group. In sociolinguistic literature, the language community is usually considered as
the initial cell of sociolinguistic analysis; in the literature, the terms "linguistic
community" and "speech community".
The term "slang" refers to the following linguistic phenomena:
1. Vocabulary, characterized by greater metaphor, brightness and fragility than
ordinary language.
 7

2. Speech and writing characterized by the use of vulgar and socially taboo
vocabulary.
3. Social and professional jargons.
4. Thieves' slang [7, p. 53].
Most foreign scientists and some Ukrainian linguists are of the opinion that the
impact of extralinguistic conditions for the existence of a language affects only its
lexical-semantic composition: a larger or smaller layer of “socially colored” words
appears, which actually determines the nature and essence of social dialects. In
reality, language in all its manifestations and varieties (including various dialects)
appears as a purely social phenomenon: it would be wrong to assume that the main
factors regulating the existence and development of a language are only “intra-
linguistic in nature” or that language represents a kind of “self-regulating system”,
and social factors are only “peripheral influences”.
The largest modern English slang researcher E. Partridge and his followers (for
example, J. Greenock and K.I. Kittridge) consider slang as a conscious, deliberate use
of elements of a general literary dictionary in colloquial speech for purely stylistic
purposes: to create the effect of novelty, unusualness, difference from recognized
samples, to convey a certain mood of the speaker, to give the statement concreteness,
liveliness, expressiveness, visibility, accuracy, brevity, figurativeness, and also to
avoid clichés [14].
Slang is opposed to the official, generally accepted language and, in the
opinion of lexicographers, is fully understood only by representatives of a narrow
circle of people belonging to one or another social or professional group that
introduced this word or expression. Linguistic innovations are reflected in the media,
naturally, they are reflected in the jargon. It is a challenge to a “correct” life. In order
to penetrate the literary language, argotism must be often used in speech, have a
bright emotionally expressive coloring, give a good description of an object or
phenomenon, and not be rude and vulgar. Slang is often considered in a
psychological aspect, as a product of "spiritual" creativity (including individual) of
representatives of individual social and professional groups that serve as an
 8

expression of a certain "spirit" or "level of consciousness" of people belonging to a

particular social environment. A major role in the spread of this concept of slang was
played by W. Humboldt's [1] well-known position that the "vision of the world", the
use and interpretation (self-assessment) of the language among representatives of
certain socio-professional groups does not completely coincide with the "vision of the
world" and language proficiency at the level of the whole language community.

1.2. Development of English slang vocabulary

The phenomenon of slang is as ancient as the very origin of the word. Old
English slang was cruder and relied more on undisguised vulgarity than modern
slang. In those days, the slang was called "flash" ("flash"), which was both kanty and
slang. The existence of the term "slang" was first recognized by F. Gross in 1785,
who defined it as "the language of Kant or vulgar language" [10]. The Italian author
Winona Bullard writes that in the interpretation of the Middle Ages, the meaning of
the term "slang" referred to various dialects and dialects [7].
The word slang was introduced by writers of those times, such as Geoffrey
Chaucer, William Caxton, William Malmesbury. The modern meaning of slang
began to take shape only in the 16th or 17th century. According to the generally
accepted opinion, the primary form of slang is the English criminal cant, which was
used as a new type of speech by criminals in salons and gambling houses. Initially, it
was believed that the English criminal kant came from Romania or from France.
Some popular plays by Richard Brom (1635), poems and songs by Copland
(1925) contained some slang words. By the 1700s, the vulgar words of American
immigrants gradually began to enter the everyday speech of the English-speaking
population, which contributed to the expansion of the use of slang.
During the 18th century in America, slang was considered non-standard usage
of the English language and was officially banned. Eric Partridge, in Slang Today and
Yesterday, notes that since about the 1850s, slang has been the accepted term for
"obscene" colloquial speech [14]. John J. Ayto, in an introduction to the Oxford
 9

Dictionary of Modern Slang, writes that the term "slang" was first used in the mid-
eighteenth century by low-class groups and criminals. In the Middle Ages, slang was
called the thieves' cant or the vulgar language of earlier centuries [6].
Currently, slang is not associated with the underworld, but is taking on a new
form and enriching itself under the influence of various cultures and technological
innovations, which has led to the emergence of a wide variety of variations of slang
from street to African-American. In addition, slang tends to originate in the
subcultures of society. Slang expressions often embody the views and moral values of
members of social groups, which contributes to the formation of a sense of belonging
of each person to the group, and also indicates the social background of the speaker.
As I.R. Galperin emphasizes in the book "Stylistics": "no other European
language has singled out a special layer of vocabulary and called it slang, although
they all distinguish such groups of words as jargon, cant, and the like". Many
attempts have been made to define slang, yet many have failed to come up with a
clear meaning [1]. In addition to the indicated difficulty associated with the search for
a more precise definition of this term, the attitude of both the public and scientists
towards it also belongs to the jargon. The attitude to the word "slang" of the general
public, in particular scientists and linguists, is very diverse. In some cases, the
reaction to this word is antagonistic and discordant, meaning by the concept of slang
simply "bad" English; in other cases, the authors welcome slang as a creative
linguistic variety worthy of academic study.
Other authors attach more importance to the stylistic approach in defining
slang, i.e. define it as the usage level. E. Partridge neutrally and rather vaguely
defines slang as "the quintessence of colloquial speech" [14], while S. B. Flexner
believes that slang "is not accepted by the majority as a good, formal use" [9].
Thus, these authors oppose jargon to formal language, i.e. it is below standard
discourse and neutral stylistic level, it is typical of informal speech. In addition, slang
is opposed to other non-standard varieties of the language, in this case it is neither a
dialect nor a register, and cannot be attributed to the concepts of kant, slang or jargon.
 10

Slang changes rapidly, so it can be seen as a short-lived, ephemeral lexicon that can
quickly become obsolete, or can be adopted into a standard language.
Thus, slang, being an integral part of the language and developing along with
it, is characterized by a certain set of expressions and words used in various social
groups. Slang is different from the literary, common language and is used as an
attribute of informal communication in the modern world.

1.3. Word-building mechanisms in slang

The following ways of forming slang vocabulary can be distinguished:

1. Compounding. Compounding is the process of combining two or more
words into one compound word. Words formed in this way are written both together
and with a hyphen:
- nutbox;
- nutball;
- he-man.
2. Metaphorization. An equally productive way of forming slang is through the
use of metaphor, while slang is characterized by synonymous attraction. The fact is
that for the same word related to the literary language, you can pick up many
different variant correspondences from slang. The main role in replenishing the
vocabulary of slang in the English language is played by the rethinking of words in
connection with their figurative use [2]. For example, for the English word "head"
you can pick up the following synonymous series:
- brain + pain = brainpan;
- upper + storey = upperstorey;
- attic;
- nut.
That is, all of the above examples are metaphors for the literary word head.
3. Affixation Affixation is a way of word formation of new words by adding
word-formation affixes to the word stem. In modern English, when forming slang
 11

vocabulary, the same affixes are used as in the literary standard, although sometimes
they may differ from the standard in their meaning. Affixes include suffixes and
prefixes. The most common ways of affixing are: Using the suffix -er – The suffix -er
has the meaning of the character and emphasizes the cultural transformation of the
word in this direction. Forms most often nouns, usually added to nouns, but
sometimes attached to verbs, adverbs and numerals, and conveys either literal or
figurative meaning in various ways, for example:
- Jump – jumper;
- Pencil – penciler;
- Green – greener;
- Sixteener;
- Keener.
Use of the suffix -ie To form nouns, the suffix -ie is widely used, which in the
literary standard usually has the meaning of a diminutive, and in speech more often
conveys a connotation of familiarity, contempt and neglect, for example:
- Baddie;
- Greenie;
- Biggie;
- Cheapie;
- Drunkie;
- Junkie.
Adding the prefix no, which means the day of the day:
- no-name;
- no – hoper.
4. Borrowing. In this case, foreign words undergo changes in semantic
meaning and phonetic composition, for example: Carouse – to feast, comes from
Garause, which in German means!
5. Contamination. Traditionally, contamination (from Latin Contamination –
“contact”, “displacement”) is understood as the union of quasimorphs, or “fragments”
of morphemes (cf. English “morphemic splinters”) of two or more language units
 12

based on their structural, functional, semantic, or individual proximity for the

speaker, as a result of which a new language or speech unit arises. The phenomenon
of contamination can be observed at all language levels: phonetic, morphological,
lexical, syntactic and phraseological.
The author of the slang dictionary "The Official Dictionary of Unofficial
English" G. Barret rightly notes that the source of modern slangisms, in particular,
contaminants, is, first of all, periodicals: newspapers, magazines; also everyday oral
speech of the younger generation [17]. In recent years, an increasing number of
slangisms have been formed due to the word-formation model of contraction,
resulting in figurative, metaphorical contaminants.
6. Reduplication. Reduplication is a phonomorphological phenomenon
consisting in doubling the initial syllable or the whole root, for example:
- Blah-blah;
- Dingle-dangle.
So, we researched at the main ways of establishing slang loneliness in modern
English language: word formation, metaphorization, affixation, postposition,
reduplication, shortness, abbreviation and contamination.
 13

METHODOLOGY

2. Slang sources and research methodology

2.1. Source selection criteria

It is important to note that slang is also studied within the framework of

pragmalinguistics, but not so systematically. This approach implements the
understanding of pragmatic theory as a pragmatic interpretation, in which the rules of
use correspond to some codified rules, which provides a way of internal planning,
production of understanding and memorization. In this case, the emphasis is not on
the calculation of nomenclature types of models of types of statements, but on the
process of codification and understanding. This type of pragmatic context includes
the apparatus of communicative linguistics, taking into account elements of such
related disciplines as cognitive psychology, sociolinguistics, which can be traced not
only with the help of communication models, but also as a reflection of the
grammatical code.
The choice of slang research methods is determined by the need for a
comprehensive and systematic description of these phenomena in accordance with
the goals formulated in the Introduction and the tasks set in the work. Their
implementation requires the use of the following research methods:
1. The method of analysis of scientific and theoretical sources is applied in
order to highlight the methodological aspects corresponding to the problems of our
research.
2. The method of operationalization of concepts, which we used to explain the
essence of the key concepts of scientific intelligence, namely "slang".
3. The sampling method is used for the selection of empirical material.
4. Component analysis contributed to the identification of emotional and
pragmatic connotations in the semantic structure.
 14

5. The descriptive-analytical method made it possible to formulate conclusions

and outline prospects for future research.

2. Source search methodology

1. The form of this research is qualitative descriptive. The data are collected by
using observation method by screenshots on the meme or posts which follow certain
postings of pictures in social media (Facebook and Instagram). Then it is followed
by the full observational method for there to be no interference from the researcher
on the data collected. The focus of the research is the analysis of acronyms and
abbreviations in English slang in social media by describing its word formation
processes, its function, and factors that influence the existence of slang.
 15

ANALYSIS

3. Abbreviations and acronyms in contemporary English slang

3.1. Abbreviations – description and analysis

The analysis of different positions of linguists on issues of directive

constructions makes it possible to assert that directives are lexical units that provide
for a certain sequence of actions, while they introduce new parameters of actors'
interaction in the communication process. Directive abbreviations are statements that
encourage the recipient to take a certain action: appeals and demands, permits and
orders, requests, remarks and instructions, advice and instructions, orders, refusals
and pleas, warnings, as well as setting norms [19, c. 26].
In connection with the study of abbreviated lexical units, it is necessary to note
the important role of the directive, "the defining illocutionary focus of which is the
intention of the speaker to make the listener perform any action". The need to
perform a certain action on the part of the recipient is expressed by the sender in
virtual communication using directive abbreviations. This group includes the
following examples:
DSH – Desperately Seeking Help.
The analysis of abbreviated directive constructions in the English language
made it possible to divide lexemes according to the communicative functions
performed by directives into two main subclasses: requisitives and preventives.
Requisitive abbreviations-directives, as a rule, are represented by performative verbs
expressing prohibition or request: "REQUEST", "REQUEST", "DEMAND /
THREAT", "ORDER", "BEG". These speech acts are based not only on power or
 16

social status, but also on the addressee having a serious motivation to act. Here are
some examples that belong to the "REQUESTS" group:
KIQ – Keep It Quiet, LMK – Let Me Know.
Preventive abbreviations-directives are usually represented by performative
verbs expressing advice, hint, suggestion, and they can be combined according to the
following classes: "ADVICE", "SUGGESTION", "RECOMMENDATION",
"WARNING", "HINT", "INVITATION", "NOTE,. Here is an example of an
abbreviation that belongs to the "HINT" group:
BAC – Back At Computer
Analyzing abbreviated lexemes of the English language, we come to the
conclusion that they can be divided into two main groups according to their
illocution: label expressive abbreviations and emotional expressive abbreviations.
First of all, we suggest considering the label abbreviations-expressives, which belong
to different classes:
1) «GRATITUDE»:
TYVM – Thank You Very Much;
2) «APOLOGY»:
IMS – I Am Sorry;
«FAREWELL»: GN – Good Night.
Emotional abbreviations of expressives include abbreviated lexical units,
among which such groups as:
1) "ABSTRACT CONCEPT":
ILU – I Love You;
2) «ACTIONS»:
BWL – Bursting With Laughter;
3) «GESTURES»:
HB – Hug Back;
4) «Mimicry»:
CLAB – Crying Like A Baby, DMML – Do not Make Me Laugh.
 17

All the groups listed above express the most diverse variants of illocution,
since it is in the category of expressives that emotions are expressed, which are so
many in the process of virtual discourse: surprise, irony, dissatisfaction, laughter, joy,
approval, irritation, feelings of loneliness, love, hatred, ridicule, feelings affection
Regarding the general demarcation of emotional abbreviations, it is also possible to
accept their division according to positive and negative connotations. Abbreviations
of the English language, expressed by expressive constructions, perform two main
functions in the field of virtual communication and the process of texting: the
expression of etiquette forms and the emotional function of language.

3.2. Acronyms – description and analysis

The "language" of social media is a manifestation of a special form of spoken

language that exists in the immediate absence of communication participants. In
order to achieve its dynamism, emotional tension, it is especially necessary to
observe the principle of economy.
The analysis of the empirical material allows us to state that abbreviations and
new formations to save symbols in the message are especially common (mainly
truncations and letter abbreviations). For example, using abbreviations of words, and
sometimes whole phrases using one or two letters, for example:
Live ya dreams or Read my interview w Tom Ridge.
Acronyms that are often used on Twitter are generally well-known:
- expression of thought: DYK – Did you know; IMHO  In my humble /
honest opinion, AFAIK  As far as I Know; AFAIR – As far as I remember;
AAMOF – As a matter of fact; AFAICT – As far as I can tell;
- greetings / farewells: HAND  Have a nice day; BB  Be back / bye-bye,
IBRB – I’ll be right back; W8 – Wait; B4N – Bye for now; BBBG – Bye bye be
good; RUOK – Are you; OK? DBMIB – Don’t bother me I’m busy; GFN – Gone for
now;;
 18

- expression of emotions: HHOK  ha-ha only kidding; LOL  laughing out

loud;
- a request for help: TMB – Tweet me back; DAE – Does anyone else?; PTB –
Please text back; BUMP – Bring up my post;
- attracting attention: TIL – Today I learned; EMBM – Early morning business
meeting; J4F – Just for fun; RLRT – Real life retweet; OH – Overheard; DWH –
During work hours; – інші: ЕМА – Email address; fav – favorite; TFW – That
feeling when; MFW – My face when; LOL – Laughing out loud; TNTL – Trying not
to laugh; JK – Just kidding; ADIH – Another day in hell; ZZZ – Sleeping, bored,
tired; BAE – Before anyone else.
The study showed that the widespread use of abbreviations, which appeared
thanks to teenagers hiding personal correspondence from their parents. There are
specific examples that confirm this:
PAW – Parents are watching; PBB – Parent behind back; POMS – Parent over
my shoulder; PAH – Parent at home.
Various graphic abbreviations are also widely used:
P.S. – post scriptum; a.m. – ante meridiem; p.m. – post meridiem; e.g. –
exempli gratia, for example; XOXO – hugs and kissies. St – Street; WA –
Washington; Jan., Feb., Apr., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec., etc; Mon., Tues., Wed.,
Thurs., Fri., Sat., Sun.
In addition, the analysis of the empirical corpus of the study revealed
abbreviations where part of the word is replaced by consonant numbers:
b4 – before; Cre8 – сreate; F2F – Face to Face; GR8 – great; B – be; R – are; K
– ok; UR –; 2 – to / too; 4 – four / for.
When forming and using lexical units, the principle of economy and analogy is
of decisive importance for speakers. It is worth noting that lexical traditions, in
comparison with syntactic ones, turned out to be more stable in the linguistic
consciousness in terms of preserving the requirements for word formation. Phrasal
abbreviations, acronyms, abbreviations, and graphic abbreviations were the most
productive in the empirical corpus of the study. Analysis of the empirical body of
 19

research allows us to state that the use of abbreviations is extremely common. This
leads to the fact that a significant number of messages require a certain decoding, and
their interpretation becomes impossible without the appropriate knowledge of
abbreviations and acronyms. This trend of intensive shortening of words, phrases and
sentences over the last years shows a high performance that is only getting stronger.

CONCLUSION

Linguistic process of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. characterized by the
strengthening of the role of informal, non-literary elements in speech. This is
manifested not only in the mass destandardization of the spoken language, but also in
the penetration of slang to other stylistic levels, for example, in the speech of mass
media and in fiction. One only has to look at modern prose, listen to the radio, watch
TV, walk down the street, chat in a relaxed atmosphere, to understand that language
enriches life, it is tuned to the expression of sensual subtleties, to emotional diversity,
to expression. It is obvious that modern speech gravitates towards non-standard
vocabulary, while using all possible stylistic means: infantile interjections, rough,
oversaturated speech, elements of speech games and adapted borrowings. However,
the most diverse and interesting language environment is the Internet. It is during
online communication that users of social networks, blogs and forums fully
demonstrate their speech creativity, creating neologisms, successful comparisons,
using language game techniques and adapting borrowings.
Slang is one of the means through which languages change and renew, its
energy and color enrich everyday speech. The main characteristic features of slang
are common knowledge, some social limitation, increased expression, instability,
transitory nature.
As a result of the analysis, it was found that the main methods of formation of
slang units are word formation, affixation, abbreviation, acronyms, and
contamination. In addition, metaphor, specialization, euphemisms, synecdoche,
generalization, comparison, distortion of sounds in words. In slang, you can find
 20

living facts of word creation, a progressive influence on the development and

improvement of the language.
Slang is characterized by some social limitation, but not a certain group one,
but an integrated one: it does not have a clear socio-professional orientation, it can be
used by representatives of different social and educational status, different
professions, etc. Slang reflects the way of life of the language group that gave birth to
it.
The constant development of the language leads to a change in literary norms.
What was the norm in the last century and even 15-20 years ago can become a
deviation from it today. It is necessary to note the ability and speed of the process of
assimilation of slang units in the literary language, which increasingly penetrate into
the literary language, are standardized and thus change it.
Lexico-semantic vocabulary is one of the most productive ways to replenish
the English slang vocabulary. Slang, in addition to cases of borrowing from other
languages, when creating new words relies, first of all, on the lexical system of the
national language, therefore, in general, the same techniques of morphological and
semantic word formation are found here as in the donor language. However, many
slangisms cannot be motivated based on traditional rules. This shows the expressive
function of youth slang, because it is important for followers of the youth subculture
to stun their interlocutors not only with their general behavior, but also with their
verbal behavior.
In conclusion, we should note that, given the relevance of the study of virtual
communication, which, as a rule, takes place in social networks, blogs, web, video,
telechats on the Internet, SMS messages, the attention of many researchers is focused
on communicative interaction, which is defined by such signs: communication
channel, brevity and indirectness of communication. In this regard, the focus was on
abbreviated lexical units – abbreviations, which are understood as "nouns consisting
of truncated words included in the original word combination, or from truncated
components of the original complex word, where the last component of the
abbreviation can also be in a whole (untruncated) word".
 21

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342c.
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страв та продуктів харчування (на матеріалі YouTube відео
англійськомовних блогерів). Типологія мовних значень у
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