Mariel M.

Martinez January 25, 2024

BSN 3 Mr. Hector Cortez

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN ACUTE EXACERBATION (BAIAE)

A pulmonary ailment marked by extensive constriction of the airways as a result of smooth muscle
spasm, mucosal edema, and mucus in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchial asthma is a
recurrent, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by heightened tracheobroncheal tree
responsiveness to different stimuli, leading to paroxysmal contraction of the bronchial airways that
fluctuates in intensity over brief periods of time, either naturally or in response to therapy.
The greatest risk factor for developing asthma is allergy. Chronic exposure to allergens or airway
irritants might be seasonal (grass, tree, and weed pollens) or perennial (mold, dust, and roaches).
Strong scents and fragrances, temperature fluctuations, cold, heat, and air pollutants are common
causes of asthma symptoms and flare-ups. Exercise, stress or mental disturbance, sinusitis with post-
nasal drip, medicines, and viral respiratory tract infections are additional factors that may contribute.
The majority of asthmatics are susceptible to a wide range of triggers. An individual's asthma varies
based on their surroundings, activity, asthma control techniques, and other factors.
The three most typical signs of asthma are wheeze, dyspnea, and cough. Coughing alone may be the
only symptom in certain cases. Most asthma attacks happen at night or in the early morning, maybe
due to circadian fluctuations affecting the thresholds of airway receptors. Although an asthma
exacerbation might start suddenly, it usually starts with worsening symptoms over the course of a few
days. Coughing occurs, whether or not mucus is produced. Sometimes the patient is unable to cough
up mucus because it is lodged in their tiny airway so firmly.
Reducing a person's asthma symptoms and averting flare-ups are the main objectives of treatment.
Even the best care and therapy may not completely prevent exacerbations, even though it is possible to
lessen their frequency. Exacerbations of asthma can happen even to those who follow a strict treatment
plan. Doctors must therefore identify any individuals who might be at danger and have a plan for
managing them. Early treatment and care is the greatest way to reduce exacerbations. This includes:
•early detection of symptoms and indicators that the illness is getting worse.
•an action plan for asthma.
•elimination of the exacerbating environmental component.
•timely correspondence between the patient and their physician.
•prescription drugs, like rescue and preventative inhalers.
•Prompt medication for exacerbations of asthma.
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting beta-agonists, and a combination of ICS and ICS therapy are
appropriate medications for asthma exacerbations. These drugs may be consumed orally by patients.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ast
https://www.scribd.com/doc/27423409/Case-Study-of-bronchial-asthma-in-acute-exacerbation