Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR

SCIENCE 9
Name: Quarter : 4 Week : 3
Grade Level/Section: Date :

MOMENTUM and IMPULSE

I. Introductory Concept
In Newtonian mechanics, momentum is a product of the mass and the velocity of an
object. Its symbol is p and expressed in meter/second squared (m/s2) It is a vector
quantity, possessing a magnitude and direction (P=m.v). It is a physics term which refers to the
quantity of motion that an object has. A sport team that is on the move has momentum. If an
object isin motion (on the move) then it has momentum.
Momentum can simply be defined as the mass in motion. This tells us that object at rest
has no momentum. You will notice two quantities involved in this statement- the mass and the
velocity. These quantities are directly proportional to the magnitude of momentum. Increasing
either the mass or velocity of the object results in increasing the momentum. Driving your car
with higher mass at a higher velocity gives your car a higher momentum. The more momentum
an object has, the more difficult it is to bring to a stop. Therefore, when someone suddenly
crosses the road while you are driving at a higher velocity, it would require you to apply greater
force on the brake or it takes you a longer amount of time or both to slow it down and bring it
to a stop.

In this case, force and time are important to look at. The brake serves to apply a force
to the car for a given amount of time to change the car’s momentum. This amount of force
applied multiplied by the duration of time it was applied is called Impulse. And the greater the
impulse, the greater the change in momentum. To change the impulse, you can either increase
or decrease the force applied and the time of contact.
Impulse is also a term that quantifies the overall effect of a force acting over time. It is
conventionally given the symbol J and expressed in Newton-second. (J = F.∆t). When we
calculate impulse, we are multiplying force by time.

Rearranging the equation above will help us understand how

impact force is affected by the change in momentum and
the time of contact.

This shows that force of impact is directly proportional to the

momentum of the body and inversely proportional to the time of contact.
 The above equation shows that the impact force of a fast-moving car is higher and
therefore it can cause greater damage after the collision than the car moving at a lower
velocity. On the other hand, the equation tells us that the impact force could be decreased
by extending the time of contact.

II. Learning Skills/Competency

Relate impulse and momentum to collision objects (e.g. vehicular collision) (S9ES-IVb-36)

III. Activities
Activity 1. What affects Momentum?
Direction: TRUE OR FALSE. Refer to the figure below. Shade letter A on your answer sheet
if the statement is true and shade letter B if false.

1. The stopping distance for Car A is

Source: SCIENCE9-Q4-SLM9.pdf
Figure 1. Two cars of different masses are moving
at the same velocities
longer than the stopping distance for Car B.
2. Car A has higher momentum than car
B because it has a higher mass
3. Car A and B will only have the same
momentum when Car B increases its velocity.
4. Car A has a momentum of 3,000
kg.m/s.
5. Greater force is needed to stop car B
because it has higher inertia.

CAR A
6. Car B is more difficult to stop because
Mass = 200 kg V =80 m/s it is faster than Car A.
7. Car A has higher momentum than car
B because it has a greater velocity.
8. Car A and B will only have the same
momentum when Car B increases its velocity.
CAR B 9. Car B has a momentum of 16,000
kg.m/s.
V =30 m/s 10. The stopping distance of Car A
is shorter than the stopping distance of Car B.
Source: Science_9_lm_draft_4.29.2014_1.pdf
Figure 1. Two cars of the same masses are moving
at different velocities

Activity 2. Keeping Me Safe

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct word to complete the paragraph describing the
picture. Your choices are found in the answer sheet. Shade the letter of the correct answer
on your answer sheet.

A. I am a gymnast. I need to 11. _______my knees when landing from a

certain height to (12) time of contact with the floor thus (13)____
the force of impact.
 B. Cars are designed with (14) because it can lessen or prevent
injuries in the event of crash or collision. The inflation of the airbag is
initiated by crash sensors. This (15) the impact force by (16)__ the
time of contact.

C. Car manufacturers design (17) into cars so that car will likely be
crumpled rather than rebounded in a collision. When the car crumples, the
change in the car’s momentum happens over a (18)____________time.
This (19)________ the force of impact on the passengers and thereby
increasing chances of survival.

D. Baseball players need to use (20) . Its padding is slightly

compressible thus (21) the impact force on the
player’s hand by (22) the time of contact.

E. When catching a baseball, the catcher pulls his hand (23) with
the moving ball. This (24) the impact of catching the fast-moving
ball to your hand because by doing so, time of contact has been
(25) .

Photos 1-5 Source: SCIENCE9-Q4-SLM9.pdf

Activity 3. Cushion It
Direction: Identify the material that reduces the force of impact described in each situation.
Choose the answer from the cue box. Shade the letter of the correct answer on your answer
sheet.

A C E

B D
Photo Source: www.bing.com

26. There is a mechanical failure in the plane. I need to jump off the plane before
it crashes. What do I need to land safely?

27. I got a head-on collision with an electrical post, but I was not thrown forward.
What keeps me from my seat?
 28. My car is out of control. I could collide to a mango tree or a banana groove.
Which will I choose? (A. Mango tree B. Banana groove)

29. My car gets a head-on collision, and both our cars crumpled instead of
rebounding. Both of us are not seriously harmed because crumpling increases the time of
changing our momentum thus reducing the impact force. What did car manufacturers design
into our cars that reduces injury?

30. My car accidentally hit the motorcycle that was trying to overtake me. The
driver and his motorcycle were knocked over. He did not suffer serious head injury. What did
he use to avoid serious head injury?

31. Fragile goods such as glass, ceramics, and electronic products are transported
safely without breaking. What was placed inside the shipping package to prevent breakage?

Activity 4. Momentum and Impulse in Real-Life Situation

True or False. Shade A if the statement is correct, and B if incorrect.

32. Mountain climbers makes use of nylon rope to increase

the stopping time and decrease the stopping force.

Source: SCIENCE9-Q4-SLM9.pdf

33. A car traveling along the

highway needs a certain amount of force to be
brought to rest. A large force is required when
a car has higher momentum.
Source www.bing.com/images/
:

34. The change in momentum

occurs over a long time resulting in a larger
force of impact.

Source: SCIENCE9-Q4-SLM9.pdf

35. The use of seatbelts increases

the risk of death and serious
injury.
Source: SCIENCE9-Q4-SLM9.pdf

36. The amount of wreckage of cars during

collision depends on the car’s momentum and on how
long the change in momentum occurs.

Source www.bing.com/images/
:
Activity 5. Conservation of Momentum
A 300 g cart moves on an air track at 1.2 m/s. It collides with and sticks to another cart with a
mass of 500 g, which was stationary before collision. What is the velocity of the combined
cart after collision?
Mass Velocity (before collision)
Cart 1 0.30 kg 1.2 m/s
Cart 2 0.50kg 0

Total Momentum (before collision) Total Momentum (after collision)

Cart 1 + Cart 2 (before) = Cart 1 + Cart 2 (after)
mv(cart1) + mv(cart2) = (m cart1 + mcart2) v(after)
0.30 kg (1.2 m/s) +0.50 kg(0) = (0.30kg + 0.50 kg) v after
0.36 kg.m/s + 0 = (0.80 kg) v after
0.36 kg.m/s = V after
0.80 kg
0.45 m/s = V after

Show the conservation of momentum by rechecking the total momentum before and after
collision. Complete the table.
Mass (before and Velocity (before Velocity (after
after collision) collision) collision)
Cart 1 0.30 kg 1.2 m/s 0.45 m/s
Cart 2 0.50 kg 0 0.45 m/s

Total Momentum (before collision) Total Momentum (after collision)

Cart 1 + Cart 2 (before) = Cart 1 + Cart 2 (after)
mv(cart1) + mv(cart2) = mv(cart1) + mv(cart2)
0.30 kg(1.2 m/s) + 0.50 kg(0) =
0.36 kg.m/s + 0 =
0.36 kg.m/s =

IV. References
Grade 9 Science Learners Manual
EASE Module
Prototype and Contextualized Daily Lesson Plans in Science 9 (Q4)
Alvarez, Liza A et al. (2014) Grade 9 Science Learner’s Material. Pasig City. Rex Bookstore
www.bing.com/images/

Prepared by: MARY-ANN H. HOSANA

Writer

Quality Assured by:

EMILY B. ESMABE
Education Program Supervisor-1, Science

Address: Freedom Sports Complex, San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur

Email: deped.camsur@deped.gov.ph
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