[Bitter leaf for Hair]

[Preparation of retroactive oil from bitter leaf]

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AASTU

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 Bitter leave (Vernonia amygdalina)
 Abstract:-

Beauty and cosmetic concept is as ancient as mankind and civilization. Cosmetics play a vital
role in human life. Herbal cosmetic is one of the most effective areas of cosmetic technology.
Herbal cosmetics are developed by the coalition of bio active ingredients and pharmaceutical
products. Herbs are used for beautification purpose of body, preparation of cosmetics,
flavouring and colouring agent. Hair plays a vital role in personality of human and we use a
lots of cosmetics product for the care of hair. The study aims reviewing the importance of
herbal oil and their use in the common hair problem such as baldness, hair fall, hair dryness,
dandruff etc. Various beauty and cosmetic products are used which contain herbs to give
young and charming look. Various herbal ingredients are used in herbal hair formulation;
they provide essential nutrients such as vitamins, antioxidant, ,Antimicrobial agents,anti-
inflammatory and anti cancer etc……

Herbal hair oil has been widely used for nourishment of hair and for the protection of hair
from hair fall and hair damage. Now a day’s side effect is a major problem after using any
beauty product due to which herbal products are preferred because of having less
probability of any types of side effects.

 Introduction:-

Bitter leaf, scientifically known as Vernonia amygdalina, is a plant native to Africa

and is widely recognized for its medicinal properties and culinary uses. It is
commonly found in African tropics countries, such as Ethiopia, Kenya,Tanzania, Nigeria
and other parts of West and Central Africa. The plant is characterized by its bitter
taste, which gives it its name.

Bitter leaf has been used for centuries in traditional African medicine due to its
various health benefits. It is rich in bio active compounds such as alkaloids,
flavonoid, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to its
medicinal properties. These compounds are known to possess anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti fungi effects.

In traditional medicine, bitter leaf is used to treat a wide range of ailments(illness). It is

believed to be effective in managing conditions such as malaria,fever,
gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, and liver problems. It has also been used
as a natural remedy for detoxification and to improve appetite and digestion.

Apart from its medicinal uses, bitter leaf is also commonly used as a
culinary(food) ingredient in African cuisine. The leaves are often added to soups,
stews, and sauces to impart a distinct bitter flavor to the dishes. Bitter leaf is also
used as a natural flavoring agent in some local beverages.

 In some parts of Ethiopia It used as a cleansing agent for different materials ,

specially during the preparation of Tela(native beer).

 Chemical Composition:-

Bitter leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) contain various chemical compounds that

contribute to their medicinal properties and bitter taste. Some of the notable
chemicals found in bitter leaves include:

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Bio active components

1. Sesquiterpene Lactones: Bitter leaves are rich in sesquiterpene lactones,

which are a class of natural compounds known for their bitter taste and potential
health benefits. These compounds include vernodalin, vernodalol, vernolide,
and vernomygdin. Sesquiterpene lactones are believed to possess anti-
inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimalarial properties.

2. Flavounoid: Bitter leaves contain flavonoid, which are a group of plant

compounds known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Examples of flavounoid found in bitter leaves include luteolin, apigenin, and
quercetin. Flavonoids contribute to the bitter taste of the leaves and may also
have various health benefits.

3. Alkaloids: Bitter leaves may contain alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing

compounds found in many plants. Alkaloids can have diverse effects on the
human body. However, specific alkaloids present in bitter leaves and their
potential effects have not been extensively studied.

4. Polyphenols: Bitter leaves are a source of polyphenolic compounds, which are

antioxidants that contribute to the plant's bitter taste. Polyphenols have been
associated with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and
anticancer properties. Specific polyphenols found in bitter leaves may include
caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin.

5.Triterpenes: Bitter leaf is a source of triterpenes, such as lupeol and β-sitosterol. These
compounds have been associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer
properties. They may also contribute to the modulation of the immune system and the
promotion of overall health.

Nutritional components

Carbohydrate Protein Vitamin Mineral

(mg /100g) (mg /100g)
Sucrose 13.20 hydrolysate Riboflavin 3.1 Potassium -
Glucose 7.20 Casein 96.99 Ascorbic acid 20.4 Magnesium 88.1

Fructose 6 Cystein 1.84 Nicotein amide Sodium 8.5

0.41-1.65
Galactose 6.56 Glycine 4.63 Thiamine 100-170 Calcium 67.25
Lactose 2.61 Carotinoid 30 Zinc 8.05

Maltose 7.24 Vitamin E 106.2 Iron 5

Arabinose 9.25 Vitamin A 30.9 Iodine (ug/100g)

35.82

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Phytochemical composition of veronina amygdalina leaf

compound leaf
Steriod 0.38
Oxalate 0.62-5.38
Tannin 9.62
Flavonoid 4.89
Saponin 1.425
Cyanogenic glycoside 1.11
Phenol 3.24
Anthraquinone 0.14
Alkaloid 2.2
Polyphenol 9.76
Total phenolics 156.4

 Due to the presence of the above compounds in the bitter leave , we are
exited to prepare restorative hair oil by using simple distillation process.
Because antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti microbial have a
properties of :

 Neutralizing free radicals ,

 Promoting hair growth by reducing oxidative stress,
 Protecting against UV damage
 Enhancing hair strength and elasticity
 Moisturizing and conditioning
 Soothing the scalp
 Preventing hair loss
 Calming irritated hair follicles
 Treating dandruff
 Managing scalp fungal infection

 Material and methods:-

 Materials:-

 Plant material (Bitter leaf, Guava leaf and Coffee leaf)

 Thermometer
 Distillation apparatus (consisting of a distillation flask, condenser, receiver, and heating
source)
 Separatory funnel or separating funnel
 beaker for collecting the distillate
 ostwald viscometer(for test)
 litmus paper

 Chemicals:-

 Water
 Hexane
 Ether
 Ethanol
 Phenolphthalein

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 Carier oil(avocado)
 0.1M of KOH

 Procedure:-

 Set up the Distillation Apparatus:.

 Preparation of Plant Material: - Clean and prepare the plant material by removing any
unwanted parts (e.g.root). Grind or cut the plant material into smaller pieces to increase
the surface area and facilitate efficient extraction.

 Loading the Distillation Flask: Place the prepared plant material into the
distillation flask.

 Add water to the distillation flask, ensuring that the level is below the plant
material. The water acts as a solvent and generates steam during the
distillation process.

 Apply heat to the distillation flask using a heating source, such as a Bunsen
burner or hot plate.

 Gradually increase the temperature to a gentle boil to generate steam. The

steam will carry the volatile compounds from the plant material into the
condenser.

 Once the distillation process is complete, collect the distillate from the
receiving flask.

 Transfer the distillate to a separatory funnel to separate the essential oil

layer from any water by using Hexane and heat the mixture until 80oC.

 Finally the crier oil and extracted oil is mixed together for desired product.

What kind of materials mixed with it to make perfect ?

 Guava leaves and coffee leaves are the most power full material we want to use in our
experiment. Because Guava leaves are rich in various bioactive compounds that
contribute to hair health-promoting properties . (e.g Tennins, Carotenoid, Vitamin and
minerals ) And coffee leafs also rich in ( e.g Chlorogenic, Cffeine, Flavonoid,
Trigonelline) are plays a vital role for hair healthy.

 Evaluation test for hair oil:-

i. pH Determination:By using litmus paper

ii. Viscosity measurement: Using ostwald viscometer at room temperature
iii. Specific gravity: Determined by specific gravity bottle
iv. Sensitivity: Applies on the skin for 5 min and check the irritation
v. Acid value: Ether, Ethanol and oil mixed(2:2:1) respectively and titrated
with 0.1M of KOH. In the presence of phenolphthalein.

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 Reference

I. https://www.semichealth.com/fitness-
nutrition/16/benefits-of-bitter-leaf?page=1

II. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/articl
e/pii/S2772753X2300309X

III. WWW.pharmajournal.net

IV. Medicinal plants of the world

V. The chemistry of plants

THANK YOU
FOR READING !!!

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