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Trignometry
Trignometry
INDEX
1. CONVERSION OF DEGREE INTO RADIAN AND RADIAN INTO DEGREE (Page 1)
2. RELATION BETWEEN ARC-LENGTH, RADIUS AND GENERAL ANGLE (Page 1)
3. TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS/FUNCTIONS (Page 1)
4. VALUES OF TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTION WHEN ANGLE IS (-VE) (Page 2)
5. VALUE OF TRIG: RATIOS IN FOUR QUADRANTS (Page 2)
6. TRIGNOMETRIC TABLE (Page 3)
7. FUNDAMENTAL TRIGNOMETRIC IDENTITIES (Page 4)
8. RECIPROCAL RELATION BETWEEN TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS (Page 4)
9. QUOTIENT FORMS (Page 4)
10.THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES (Page 5)
11.VALUES OF TRIG: RATIOS AT MOST COMMON ANGLES (Page 5)
12.SIGNS OF TRIG: RATIOS IN DIFFERENT QUADRANTS (Page 5)
13.RELATION BETWEEN TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS OF THE COMPLEMENTARY
ANGLE (Page 6)
14.IDENTITIES FOR DOUBLED ANGLE (Page 6)
15.IDENTITIES FOR HALVED ANGLE (Page 7)
16.SUM AND PRODUCT IDENTITIES (Page 7)
17.THE DISTANCE FORMULA (Page 8)
18.THE LAW OF SINES (Page 8)
19.THE LAW OF COSINES (Page 8)
20.THE LAW OF TANGENTS (Page 9)
21.ANGLES OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION (Page 9)
22. KINDS OF TRIANGLE (Page 10)
23. SOME MAJOR CONCEPTS OF A TRIANGLE (Page 11)
24. HALF ANGLE FORMULAE IN TERMS OF THE LENGTHS OF THE SIDES OF A
TRIANGLE (Page 12)
25. AREA OF A TRIANGLE AND ITS FORMULAS IN VARIOUS CASES (Page 13)
26. CIRCLES REALTED WITH A TRIANGLE (Page 14)
27. FORMULAS FOR MEASURING CIRCUM-RADIUS (R), INRADIUS (r) AND RADII OF e-
CIRCLES (r 1 , r 2 , r 3 ¿ (Page 15)
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
π
1 Degree = ( 180 ) Radian ≈ 0.0175 rad
.
TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS/FUNCTIONS
P B
1. Sin= H 4. Cot = P
B H
2. Cos = H 5. Sec = B
P H
3. Tan = B 6. Cosec = P
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
⇛ 2
sin θ=1−cos θ
2
⇛ cos 2 θ=1−sin 2
2. 1+ tan θ=Sec
2 2
θ
1 1
Cot θ = tan θ ⟹ Tan θ = cot θ
QUOTIENT FORMS
sin θ Cosθ
Tan θ = cos θ Cot θ = Sinθ
(-x, y) (x, y)
y
180º 360° = Tan θ
x
270°
N.B:
Sin 15° can be written as Sin (45°- 30°) or (60°-45°) in order to
find its value easily, and similarly Cos, Tan, Cot can also be
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
2 Tanθ
⇛ 1+ tan 2
θ
⇛1- 2sin2 θ
⇛2cos 2 θ−1
2
1−tan θ
⇛ 1+tan 2 θ
1. Sin
θ
2
2θ
=± √1−Cosθ
2
1−Cosθ
3. Tan
sin θ
θ
2 = √ 1−Cosθ
1+Cosθ
1−Cosθ
⇛ sin
2 = 2 ⇛ 1+ Cosθ or Sinθ
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
θ
⇛ 2 sin 2 = 1- Cos θ
2
2. Cos
θ
2 =±
2θ
1+Cosθ
2
1+ Cosθ
√
⇛ cos 2 = 2
2θ
⇛ 2 cos 2 = 1+Cos θ
| AB| = √(x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1
2
is called as the
2 1
2
β−γ
tan
2 b−c
⇛ tan
β+ γ = b+ c
2
γ −α
tan
2 c−a
⇛ tan
γ+α = c +a
2
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
KINDS OF TRIANGLE
1. Scalene Triangle: A triangle having no side
congruent is called scalene triangle.
NOTE:
The sum of all three interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
i.e = 180°
The sum of all three exterior angles of a triangle is 360°.
i.e = 360°
SOME MAJOR CONCEPTS OF A TRIANGLE:
Vertex: The vertex (plural: vertices) is a corner of the tri angle. Every triangle
has three vertices.
Perimeter: The distance around the triangle or the sum of all three sides of a
triangle.
Semi- Perimeter: The sum of all three sides of a triangle divided by two or
half of the perimeter.
Base: The base of a triangle can be any one of the three sides, usually the one
drawn at the bottom. You can pick any side you like to be base. Commonly used
as reference side for calculating the area of a triangular or altitude. In an
isosceles triangle, the base is usually taken to be the unequal side.
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
Altitude: the altitude of a triangle is the perpendicular
from base to the opposite vertex. Since there are three
possible bases, there are also three possible altitudes
which intersect at a single point called as orthocenter of triangle. Sometimes
the altitude is outside of a triangle when the
angle opposite to chosen vertex is
obtuse (greater than 90°)
1. Sin
α
2 √
=
(s−b)(s−c)
bc
2. Sin
β
2 √
=
(s−a)(s−c)
ac
3. Sin
γ
2 √
=
(s−a)( s−b)
ab
4. Cos
α
2
=
√s (s−a)
bc
5. Cos
β
2
=
√s (s−b)
ac
6. Cos
γ
2
=
√s(s−c)
a
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
7. Tan
α
2
=
√
(s−b)(s−c)
s( s−a)
8. Tan 2 =
β
√(s−a)(s−c)
s( s−b)
9. Tan
γ
2
=
√
( s−a ) ( s−b )
S ( s−c )
Where, “b” is the base and “a” is the corresponding altitude of the triangle.
CASE I :-
When the measures of two sides and the measure of the included
angle are known.
1
= 2
ab sinγ
1
= 2
ac sinβ a
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
1
= 2
bc sinα
CASE II :-
When the measures of two angles and the measure of one side are
given.
1 2 Sinβ Sinγ
= 2
a
Sinα
1 2 Sinα Sinγ
= 2
b
Sinβ
1 2 Sinα Sinβ
= 2
c
Sinγ
CASE III :-
When the measures of all three sides are known.
Circumcircle
It’s a circle that touches all the three
vertices of a triangle from outside.
It’s Centre is called circum-centre,
while the radius is known as
circum-radius and is denoted by R.
Incircle
It’s a circle engraved within a triangle
In such a way that it touches all the sides
all the sides of a triangle.
It’s centre is well known as in-centre and
KEY TO TRIGNOMETRY
similarly radius is called as in-radius. It’s radius and
centre are denoted by I and r respectively
abc
R= 4
where = √ s (s−a)(s−b)(s−c )
….
r= s
r .
1=
s−a
r .
2=
s −b
r .
3=
s −c