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8 Thinking Dr. GOVINDAPPA PROF IN KAN//PSY
THEARTOFLOGICA
What is ThinkingATHENA COLLEGE
/Meaning of Thinking Thinking is a
OF NURSING THINKING
AND
complex mental activity. Which individual is facing, involves REASONING
the response of the individual to this problem. Thinking is
Ultimate congnitive activity consciously using our brain to
make senses of the world.

8.1 Definitions of
Thinking WILLLAMWALKLR
ATKINSON

1. According tto"Garrett" 1968: Thinking is behavior which is often

implicit
and hidden and in which symbols and images
2.
According to "Gilmer" 1970: Thinking is a
problem solving process in
which we use ideas or symbols in places of overt activist
8.2 Types of Thinking
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking:
2. Conceptual or abstract
thinking: P A
3. Reflective or Logical
thinking:
A P
4. Creative thinking:
D
5. Critical thinking:
1) Perceptual or concrete V IN
O
thinking : It is the simple from of
of this type of thinking is perceptual,
G
thinking.The basis
interpretation of sensation according
to ones experience.
r .
D
2) Conceptual or abstract
thinking : Itdoes not require the
objects or events. it is also called perception of actual
abstract thinking as it makes
Concepts or abstract ideas. the use of
3) Reflective or Logical thinking :
lt is somewhat of a higher from
It can be distinguished from simple thinking of thinking.
4) Creative thinking: Creative thinking 1s a chiefly
aimed at creating something
new.
5) Critical thinking :Critical SSSAO
thinking is angher order well-disciplined
process, which involves the use of cognitive skills though
like interpretation analysis.

888 434 1000

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to Dr. GOVINDAPPA
thinking
PROF IN KAN//PSY
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ATHENA COLLEGE OF NURSING
levels

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Benjamin
example:
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 Page 4 of 7
Dr. GOVINDAPPA PROF IN KAN//PSY
Process Cognitive 15 Chapter
being material. information ATHENA COLLEGE
solving.
OF NURSING
in into promotes risk information
is
helps It
ideas and
solutions.

is
what
another thinking problem
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together

Level factors
Level a
 Page 5 of 7
Dr. GOVINDAPPA PROF IN KAN//PSY
ATHENA COLLEGE OF NURSING

406

thinking ideas. Level

It DA P P A

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 Page 6 of 7
Dr. GOVINDAPPA PROF IN KAN//PSY
2. 1. The Types

the We Comprehension situation ATHENA COLLEGE OF NURSING "I Definitions

* REASONING

Awareness

process
3. 2. 1. solution." "Rcasoning “Reasoning "Reasoning
People Reasoning problem.
The proper
II Reasoningplays

various
nccd Abductive Deductive
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understand

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term highest
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to their of of
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ollowing
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 Page 7 of 7
Unit-6 :: Cognitive Process
Dr. GOVINDAPPA PROF IN KAN//PSY VIJAYAM'S
3. Formulation ATHENA
ofplans ofaction: AftertheCOLLEGE
problem OF
Step NURSING
3 Deciding If And When To Act:
having been understood and
comprehended, we Sometimes the easiest way to solve a
formulate different plans
of action, which might be problem is to decide that it is not a
utilzed to remove obstructions or
a problem. find the solution to problem! Hence, the great quote:
4. Evaluation
and choice of the final "According to my calculations, you do
of the plans thought out plan: Each one not have a problem. But, this approach
is evaluated in our
5. Putting attempts. is not always valid, in this step, you will
ito practice and verification:
of action that we have The course learn in which circumstances it can be
the problem needs chosen as appropriate to
to be put solve legitimately applied.
need to verify into practice.
its aptness or brightness Then we * Step 4 Understand Everyone's Interests:
or conclusions. by the results
We need to understand the interest of
people for example nurses need to know
PROBLEM-SOLVING the interest of patients, co-workers to
k Problem-solving seek the best solution to the problem.
techniques are used as
and a process. a tool, a skill, By understanding the interests and
* It is a tool needs of these different groups, nurses
because it helps us to
immediately to achieve a solve problems will have more support for efforts, so
goal.
* It is a skill that the solutions are more readily

*
because once we learn, we
repeatedly. For eg, The
It is a process, because
can use
ability to ride a bicycle. it Step 5: P A
accepted.
Develop Alternatives: When the

*
of steps.
it involves a certain

It is an instructional method,
number

A P problem is complex, the nurses need to

develop the alternatives ofthe solutions.
in which students and
teachers will lay purposeful efforts D Step 6 : Analyse the Risks: We need to write

IN
to attain some the merits and demerits of each
solution to a problem. alternative and expected outcome. By

Definitions of Problem-solving:
O V understanding the risks involved, we can
choose the best option which carries

G
It is a systematic approach to define the problem

. and
more benefits and fewer risks.

r
create a vast number of possible solutions without judging Step 7 : Analyse the Alternatives: Having

D
these solutions. developed possible solutions and assess
their relative risks, you can now select
"Problem-solving is a cognitive process dirccted in your preferred solution.
achievinga goal where no solution method is obvious :
to the Step 8 Sell the Solution: Solutions to complex
problem solver".
problems often involve compromise,
"Problem-solving is a process of overcoming
which means that not everyone involved
difficulties that appears to interfere. In problem solving will agree with your choice of 'best'
the entire subject matter is organized in such a manner solution. To gain support, you may have
that it can be dealt with the problems identified during to sell your solution to people or groups
-
the study", Skinner involved.

Step 9 : Implement the Solution: Implemen

The Steps in Problem-Solving: ting the solution requires focus,
Step 1 : Problem:
We need to dedication, care, and tact. This stage
Identify the
problem of needs testing solutions on samples before
study and understand the
step of implementing the actual process.
how small or big it is, the first monitoring,
* Step 10 : Evaluation: A systematic
problem-solving. are needed
Step 2 second very evaluation, and adjustment
Define the Problem: The is effective
define the to ensure that the solution
mportant step is we should
the best and long-lasting.
problem carefully to find
solution to the problem.
VivO Y33S
6.31