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TYPES OF PRE-NOMINAL MODIFIERS

1.-DETERMINERS (DET):
+Articles (ART): a / an / the
+Pre-DET: All, both, half
Possessives (POSS): her / his / its / my / our / their / your / John’s
Demonstratives (DEM): this / that / these / those
Quantifiers (Q): another / any / each / either / enough / much / neither / no / some
Note: What(a/an)= Exclam.DET = DET
Which and Whose = Interrog. DET = DET
2. Quantifying Adjectives (QA): Tính từ chỉ về lượng
Four quantifying adjectives : much, many/several, few and little
Note: DEG nối với QA trước => AP
Plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great/good deal of, a/an (small, large, great,
considerable, ect.) amount of, considerable numbers of, etc., fractional
numerals: one-third of, two-thirds of, three-fifths of, etc., ( QA=AP)
Lưu ý: những cụm từ trên trước nó đều thiếu nên là EMPTY (DET)
3. Numerals (NUM): Số
-Cardinal numerals: số đếm one, two, three,… and ninety-nine
-Ordinak numerals: số thứ tự first, second, third, fourth,….and last
Note: Num [ cardinal] => AP
4. Adjective Phrases (AP): Cụm tính từ
5. Pre-Modifying Nouns (ModN)
Com(N): Danh từ ghép ( ModN + headN)
ModN + headN = headComN ( khi trước nó còn có danh từ khac nữa)
=> Khi có 3 danh từ trở lên xuất hiện thì dùng headComN
6. Possessive Common Nouns (PosscommN): Sở hữu danh từ chung
Ex: summer’s , spring’s , autumn’s/fall’s, winter’s
7. Verb Participles (V-Part): Phân từ của động từ
( active) Present participles (passive) Past participles
The preceding statement A broken heart
Melting snow Sliced cake
Falling leaves Photocopied materials
Those leaping/ dropping clicks These departed guests
V-Part => AP
AP+ headN = N’
DET + N’ =NP
8. Gerunds (V-Ger): V-ing
( active) Present participles Gerunds
Living organisms Living rooms
The sleeping guard The sleeping car
A drinking horse Drinking water
V-Ger + headN = ComN
9. Restricters (Restric): Các danh từ hạn định => có giới hạn có hạn định
just, only, even, quite, especially, merely and particularly

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