REPORTED SPEECH - CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

1. Tường thuật lại câu nói

VD:
Câu gốc:
Lisa said to Andy: “I am going to visit my uncle next week.”
-> Lisa said to Andy that she was going to visit her uncle the
following week.

=> ĐỔI CHỦ NGỮ, TỪ SỞ HỮU (YOUR, HER, HIS, MY), TỪ CHỈ
THỜI GIAN VÀ MỘT SỐ TỪ KHÁC
=> LÙI THÌ :

HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN -> QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH -> QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN -> QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN -> QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

WILL -> WOULD

CAN -> COULD

MUST -> HAD TO hoặc giữ MUST

HAVE TO -> HAD TO

MAY -> MIGHT

 BẢNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI MỘT SỐ TỪ:

Câu tường thuật trực Câu tường thuật gián

tiếp tiếp

here there

This That

These Those

now then/ at that moment

today/ tonight that day/ that night

tomorrow the next day

next week the following week

 This week That week

yesterday the previous day

the day before

Last day The day before

last week the week before

ago before

2. Tường thuật câu hỏi

a) Câu hỏi Wh- (What, Where, When,Why, Who, How)
CẤU TRÚC:
S + asked(+O)/ wondered + Wh-words + S + V.

*(nhớ lùi thì)

VD: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.

-> The teacher asked me what I (S) was talking about (V).
-> đằng sau từ để hỏi (Wh-) là S + V như một câu có chủ ngữ
+verb bình thường
 “When will the class start?” she said to her teacher.
-> She asked her teacher when the class would start.

b) Câu hỏi Yes-No

CẤU TRÚC:

S + asked(+O)/ wondered + IF + S + V.

*nhớ lùi thì

Những câu hỏi Yes-No bắt đầu bằng trợ động từ Do/ Does hoặc Are/
Is hoặc Have/Had hoặc Can/Will

Ví dụ:

“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” Anna said to John.

-> Anna asked John if he went to school by bus or by bike.
-> câu hỏi gốc ở thì hiện tại đơn -> câu tường thuật là quá khứ đơn

“Can I borrow your car tomorrow?” he said to me.

-> He asked me if he could borrow my car the following day.

Câu rủ rê, đề nghị:

SỬ DỤNG SUGGEST + VING

“Shall we go to the cinema today?” John said to us.

-> John suggested going to the cinema that day.

BÀI TẬP 1:

Jimmy asked, “Where did you meet him?”

Jimmy asked me ________________________

"I am working today."

She told us she ______________________

My mother said: “ I am going to Hanoi next week”

-> My mother told me ___________________

He asked me: “Where do you live?”

-> He asked me___________________

“Have you ever been to Mexico?” the waiter asked.

-> The waiter_______________

Jane asked Tom: “Did you take my pencil yesterday?”

-> Jane asked Tom________________________

“ I’ll have a meeting at 5 p.m this evening.” the police said.

-> The police said to me______________
“Let’s go for a picnic! “ John said.
-> John ______________________ (suggest).

Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
-> The landlady asked us................................................................................

She said to me “Can you speak Vietnamese?”

-> She asked me ___________________________

The traveler said, “How long does it take to get to Ha Noi by plane?”
->The traveler asked me
___________________________

“I want a camera for my birthday.” he said.

- He said that.... ..................................................................

********************

Yêu cầu làm điều gì đó, lịch sự - chuyển sang câu gián tiếp

Ví dụ: “Close the window, please.” she said.

“Could you close the window please?”

“Would you mind closing the window please?”

Trường hợp này, bạn dùng cấu trúc: ask sb +(not) to V':
 -> She asked me to close the window.

Câu mệnh lệnh: câu bắt đầu bằng động từ, có dấu chấm than

Vd: “Go to bed early!” my father said.

-> My father told me to go to bed early.

Vd: “Don’t walk on the grass!” the guard said.

-> The guard warned us not to walk on the grass.

Vậy, trong câu mệnh lệnh ta dùng told sb + (not) to V

BÀI TẬP 2:

“Don’t try to open it now.” she said to us.

- She told... ........................................................................

“Don’t stay out late, Ann.” Tom said.

- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................