: 2011

EU RASİA WASTE MANAGEMENT SY|VIPCSE UM

14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011
unıiç CoNGRESS CENTER
lSTANffitjt / TURKEY

PROCEEDlNGS

www. eu ra sia sym posi u m.co m

(ommittees
Honoıaıy (ommittee
Prof. Dr. Veysel Eıoğlu
Erdoğan Bayraktar
Prof. Dr. Adem Baştürk
PIof. Dr. Mustafa oztürk
Pıof. Dr. Lütfi Akça
Sedat Kadıoğlu
Prof. Dr. kmailYiiksek
Pıof. Dı. Cumali Kınacı
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Demir
Recep Şahin
Prof. Dr. Hayrullah Ağaçaoğlu
Prof. Dr. Fenuh Ertürk
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin Birpınaı
S<ientific (ommittee
Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Adani
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydın
Prof. Dr. Marfa Pilar Bernal
Prof. Dr. Erwin Binner
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Borat
Prof. Dr. Alessandra Gıucci
Prof. Dr. Raffaello Cossu
Prof. Dr. Luis F. Diaz
Prof. Dr. Ayşen Erdinçler
Prof. Dr. Ayşe Filibeli
Prof. Dr. Evangelos Gidarakos
Prof. Dr. M. Talha Gönüllü
Prof. Dr. Jaehyuk Hyun
Prof. Dr. Somjai (arnchanawong
Prof. Dr. Gabriel R. Kassenga
Prof. Dr. Bülent Keskinler
Prof. Dr. Günay Kocasoy
Prof. Dr. Peteı techner
Prof. Dr. Piet N.L. Lens
Prof. Dr. Pier Paolo Manca
Prof. Dr. izzet öaurk
Prof. Dr. Lucjan Pawlowski
Prof. Dr. Raffaella Pomi Sapienza
Prof. Dr. Marco Ritzkowski
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Mete SaatÇ
Prof. Dr. Takayuki 5himaoka
Prof. Dr. Edward Stentiford
Prof. Dr. Yücel Taşdemir
Prof. Dr. Bülent Topkaya
Prof. Dr. İsmailToroz
Prof. Dr. Timothy G. Townsend
Prof. Dı. Kahraman Ünlü
Prof. Dr. Samuel T.S. Yuen
0rganizing Committee
M.5inan Bilgili
Eyüp Debik
Şenol Yıldız
Yaşar Avşar
Kamil B. Varınca
Gamze varank
Minister of Forest and Wateı Affairs, Turkey
Minhter of Environment and Urbanization, Turkey
Member ofthe 22th legislativeTeım ofthe Grand National Assembly ofTurkey,
GeneraI Secıetary of htanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Turkey
Member ofthe 23th LegislativeTerm ofthe Grand National Assembly ofTurkey
Undersecretary ofthe Ministry of forest and Water Affairs, Turkey
Deputy Undersetretary ofthe Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Turkey
Rector of YıldızTechnical University, Turkey
Ministry of Forst and Water Affain, General Manager of the Water Management Division
General Director of lstanbul Water and Sewerage Administıation 15Kl, Turkey
Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Manager of Environmental Management Division, Turkey
Dean of Cvil Engineeıing Facul§, YildizTechnical University
Head of Environmental Engineering Depaıtment, Yildiz Technical University
Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Dire(tofate 0flstanbul Cty, Turkey
The University of Milan, ltaly
Selcuk University, Turkey
CEBAS-CS|Ç Murcia, Spain
University of Natuıal Resources and Life Science, Austria
Fatih Unlversity, Tu*ey
The Univenity of (agliari, ltaly
University of Padoa, ltaly
(alRecovery, lnc., U5A
Bogazici University, Turkey
Dokuz Ey'iil University, Turkey
Tethnial Universiğ of (rete, Greece
Yildiz Tethnia] University, Tu*ey
Chungnam National University, Korea
ft iang Mai University, Thailand
Ardhi University, Tanzania
Gebze lnstitute of Technology, Tu*ey
Bogazici Univenity, Turkey
University ofNatural Resourtes and Life Sciences, Austria
UNESCOJHE lnstitute torWater Edu(ation, Netherlands
The University of (agliari, ltaly
lstanbul Technial University, Turkey
Lublin Universi§ of Technology, Poland
University of Rome, ltaly
Technical University of Hambury Germany
Marmara Univeısity, Turkey
Kyushu Universi§, Japan
The Univeısity of Leeds, United Kingdom
Uludag University, Turkey
Akdeniz University, Turkey
lstanbul Technical University, Turkey
University of Florida, USA
Middle tastTethnical University,Turkey
University of Melbourne, Australia
Yildiz Technical University
Yildiz Technical University
lSTAC J.5.(o.
Yildiz Techniol University
Yildiz Technical University
Yildiz Technical Univeısity
lNDE
Page
1u-22l 5ession ,l.a : Solid Waste (ollection and Transport
185-199 (ost-Gain Model in Municipal SolidWaste Management -Example oflstanbul

A.E.Yildiıim, S.Yi|dia V. Enc

200-206 Household SolidWaste Management and Cha.acte]iıation in Tetouan Ciry Morocco

Y. B Belhouan, M. Stitou
207-z18 EYaluatıng People's Attitude and Partidpation in Municipal 5olidWaste Management A Compaıative Study in lndia and Qatar

5. Khan, M.N .Faisal, l.H.Faıooqi

219-227 Determination of Household PackagingWaste Amoun§ in htanbul
S.Yi|diz, V. tnc, S.E. Uzun, K. Dogan

228-259 5ession ıl-b : Theımal Technologies for Waste Disposal

279-235 HeidelbeıgCement-Akcanş: AdvancedTreatment ofMunicipal SolidWaste and Sewage Sludge in Marman Region

J. Iheulen, E. Hepvar
236-2N Iheımal Decomposition ofCoal for Sustainable Use: A Case Study of Pakistani lignite
J. Nisar
241-252 Modelling ofa Downdnft Gasifieı Fed byAgıicultuıal Residues
l.-S. Antonopoulos, A. Gkoulesos A. Kaıagiannidis, G. Pe*oulidis

253-259 0n the Application ofMSW| Bottom fuh as Aggregate-Replacement in Con(rete Mixes

M.V.A. Florea, A.Keulen, HJ.H. Bmuwen

260-269 Session 5-a : Biologi<al Methods for Waste Disposal

261-267 R&D Studies of8iogas Pmduction via Different 0rgankWastes
K.S. Yigit, M, Gunduz, G. Serit M. [arah, M. 5arac
268-276 Preliminaıystudies on H2 Production ftom Dark Fermentation ofthe oIganiC FIa(tion ofMunkipalwastes
E. Masi, C. Alisi, R. Ciccoli, G. De Gioannis, G. Giordanq l. l_epri. G. Migliore, A. Moreno, A. Polenini, R. Pomi, A.Sprocati

277-283 Gasification ofPıimary tine-Scıeened Solids foı tnergy Pıoductiıın

P 6ikas, S.A. Noll, K. Stedman

284-288 The Business Economic ofthe Composting Process in the Removal ofWaste; As the 5ample lstanbul Recycle and (omposting Plant
( Yaman, A. Gunay,Y. Bayeı
289-296 Methanogenesis of Agrc.lndustıial Waste for Bioenergy Pıoduction
R.Tabassum

297-3z4 Session 5-b : lndustrial Waste Management

298_300 Keynote tecture: lndustdal Waste Management: Controversial lssues

E. Gidaıakos
301_31 1 Euıopean Research onWasteTechnologies - an Analyıis of tP7-FundedTopic1 Projects and Network on Lift-(ycleThinking Reuse and Recycling

A. Maıtinuzi, F. Monteve«hi
3l2-317 (haracterization ofGas Distribution (ompaniesWa(e and Pıesenting Managing Strategies; A case study in East Azerbaijan Gas Company, lran

H. Taghipour, M. Assadi, F. Khodaei, B. Mardangahi, M. Mosaferi, A. Asl Hashemi

317-324 lhe lmportance ofConstruction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management for fcosystem Pıot€Ction
N. Cosgun

325-370 Session 6-a : l-andfilling

326-]31 SlurryTi02 Photocatalytic Rea(tors 5uitable for learhate Treatments
M. Dohnal, E.Voditkova, M. Reznakova

]32-350 Al Ghabawi Landfill Leadate Treatment by tenton 0xidation

F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. AlSmadi

351-357 [stimation of [and6ll Biogas 6eneıation at Sanitary Landfrlls in lstanbul
0.A. Arikan, M. Altinbas,0.Sevimoglu, l. Sel, 1.Ozturk

358-364 Energy Recovery from Land6ll Biogas: The tfect ofMicro-pollutant on an Existing Plant

F. DiMaria
365-370 Determination and Modelling (0D Fractions ofleachate from Aerobic and Anaerobic Field Scale [andfll Read06
E. Sekman, 5. Top, G. Varank, M.5. Bilgili, A. Demir

37,|-409 Session 6-b : lndustrialWaste Management

372-378 Recycling of lndustrial waste in the Manufacture of Economical and Quali§ (onstruction Blocks

M.U. Khan, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim,5.S. Shaukat

379-387 Wa(e Re(eption from 5hips, Treatment and Re(overy oftheWastes: htanbul Model
(. Yaman, 8. Taskinog|u, Y. kik, t. takihoglu, |. Tanugur

]88_]93 lmplementation ofNew Environmental Technology for Oil lndustry, Ku(ovö Region, Albania
B. Urbanek, E. Vodickova, V. Valko

394-399 Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto A(tivated Carbon5

E.Kayman, A.Ozyuguran, A.[.Meritboyu

400_409 solidifiCation/stabilization of[lectric Arc Fumare Waste Using Steel Slag and Po]tland cement
B. (ubukcuoglu, S.K. 0uki
 2u

EURASlA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSlUM

14-16 November zoıı- Haliç Congress Center lstanbulfl-urkey

The Business Economics of the Composting

Process in the Removal of Waste; As the
Sample Istanbul Recycle and Composting
Plant
Cevat Yamanl, Ahmct Gunay2, Yasemin Bayey'

Abstract
The rqnoıul of mımicinl solil wasle in a 9cbıirlly aıd eoınmialğı appnpritle ıry las fuoıne
inevibble, dqoıdtıg on ıhe gmwıhoJppulali»ı, uıfunialbn irdusırhl developnoıl oıd ılt conem
on ıhe preseı,ıaıion of ılc qıviıonınoıı aııd publb halllı The most ıuidesprd eıd uoıomiul ıny oJ
removing fumestic glid vaste is gnibry bıdfill But due b some Jacbrs like ıhe ned frr ıası lodflh
ıhe laclaıe aııd llc loııg prid requird for ıhe sbbilialbn oJıasles --aptuimaaly 20 yars- , lhit
melM requires antimnl conlml od walüing Anıong lhe olher melhds hal coı be qlid in ie
proess of ılv rqnoıul of donesıic nlid wasuş rrrrposlitg, recycling @ıd incheraıbn are alş
incfuded Composliıg is the pncess, h whidı llu lomogonus organic wasles are sabilizd ıhrouglı
mbroorgoıims. Througloul Isloıbu| qproximably I5000 bnes of fumeslic glid vasle ame aboııt
per foy od ıhis iırlıdes 52 per caıl orgoıic wastq 30 per enl recychble wasle ad lhe raııainiıg 18
per cenı is |he iıerl wsıes |haı h6,e ın uoıpınic wlın. funıe oJ ıhe orgaic solil wsıes prüıcd in
Istoıbul are erysed o reqclhg old rrrrpslirg pro@sses in Kanerburgaz RecycJe oıd Conıposliıg
Planı, whidı las he capaciıy of IaÜ oııes wase ırütnqrı per fuy. In ıhis sııdy, ıhe plrce of
compostirg in ılp remowl of solil wasp od lıe bushess e@nomics of ampslhg pmcess (n
comp,rison vilh l.B.B. Istoıbul Recycle oıd Compsliıg Plal blen as ıhe wnple) aıe e,ıvluabd. As
oııe of ıln basic faelors in ilıe opemlion oJ üıe phn| lhe cosl Jacbrs hoııe been a,ahgld aııd ılıe
economic rtasibiliıy las beoı oıalyzed

Keyııo r& : C ompctin & bırsiness econ omics, rt cyde

1.INTRODUCTIoN
As seen tfuoughout the world, in the last 200 years, the ongoing urbanization in the countries of
Mediterranearı Basin has become faster in Istanbul after l950's. This brouglıt the environmental problems
into question regarding the removal of waste and made it essential that the waste should be removed without
damaging environmental and human health in the most economical way. For the collection and removal of
the waste, various methods are being carried out.

Wastes cotlected in a sepafate or mixed way in the resource, should be disposed according to their
characteristics. Some of the methods for the disposal of solid waste are as folIows: Recycling whose purpose
is not to produce waste arıd to produce minimum waste as much as possible througlı decreasing the amount of
used material; Incineration, in which the collected wastes are incinerated within şecial plants in order to
decrease the volume of solid waste; Pyrolysis, in which the orguıic matter, that remains after the elimination
of glass and metal within the trash dump, is heat up without usingair and converted into gas, liquid, fuel arıd
coal; Gasifıcation, througlı which a kind of burnable gas is produced with the decomposit of solids like
biomass, that corıtain caıbon, at hig! temperature; Sanitary Laııdfill, in which wastes aıe ptaced on arı
impervious ground, compressed in order to decrease the volume and covered up periodically. Composting is
another method effectively used for the disposal of solid wastes, eşecially for their organic parts.

The purpce of this stuğ is to present the cost anaty sis for the composting method used in the removal of
municipal orgarıic solid wastg based on İBB Recycling and Composting Plarıt.

l Correspnding autor: I.B.B. Direcloıate of l|asle ]|hrflgerrıerı| Sisli/Isanbul wqlgcuq!(aibb.povJ!!

2
I.B.B. Diıectomıeo/Wasıe luhnagenaı1 Sisli/Isloıbulahmeı.gııruv(Dibb.qov.ır
2
[.B.B.DirecbmleofWasıeMonaganaıt,Sisli/Istaııbulvagmiıı.boıer{D.ibb.qov.ır
 285

EurAsia Waste Management Swposium, I4-I6 November 20l I, HaIiç Congress Center, İstanbul/Türkıye

2. coMPosTING
Composting is the aerobic decomposition of organic maierials by microoronisms under controlled conditions
into a soil-like substaııce called compost. The most widespread method in composting is the organized
acceleration of the natural aerobic decomposition. During composting microorganisms such as bacteria arıd
fungi break down complexorganic compounds into simpler substances and produce caıbon dioxide, water,
minerals, and stabitized organic matter (compost). The process produces heat, which can destroy pathoçns
(disease-causing microorganisms) and weed seeds.

The overall purposes of corrpo*ing Il];

l. To convert decayable organic matter into biologically stable matter.
2, To remove the pdhoçns, nits, and other unwanted organisms and weed that may be contained in
solid wastes.

3. To provide the maximum nutrient content (azote, phoşhorus, potassium).

4. To produce a product that can be used to stpport plant development and for land reclamatİon.

Anaerobic composing is the bioloğca! decomposition of the organic matters in an airless environment. The
last metabolic products of anaerobic decomposition are v.[ious byproducts like methaııe, caıbon dioxide aııd
low molecular weight orguıic acid.

The amount of conversion to compo$ in aerobic and anaerobic processes is respectively 42o/oand33%o.

2.I. Composting Methods

The compostingmethod provides the conditions for microorganisms to convert raw feedstocks into compost.
The method dictates how the composting materials are aerateğ contained, and moved throug|ı the system.
There are many methods of compostingorganic materials and wastes, includingthree basic centralized types;

ı In-vessel rnethod

ı Aerated staticpile method

. windrow method
In the "in-vessel method", the organic material is composted inside a drurq silo, agitaled bed, covered or
open channel, batch container or other structure. The process conditions are closely monitored and mntrolled
and the material is aerated and mechanically tumed or ağtated. The "aerated static pile method" involves
forming compostable materials into larç piles, which are aerated by drawing air througfı the pile or forcing
air out through the pile. The pile is not turned [2].

Windrow systems may be subdivided on the basis of method of aeration intothe'turned windrow" aııd the
"forced air windrow" (Synonyms for "forced aiı windrow" are "static pile" and "stiionary windrow'). The
windrows may or may not be sheltered from the elements. A classification of windrow systems thd no longer
is in common use is "open windrow."

Vermicomposting utilizing earthworms, is an ecobiotechnological proc€ss that transforms enerry-rich arıd

complex orgarıic substances into a stabilized humus-like product vermicompost. It is a complex process
involving the joint action of earthworms and microorganisms. Althoug[ı microbes are responsible for
biochemical degradation of organic matter, earthworms are the importarıt drivers of the process, conditioning
the substrate and altering the bio loğcal activity [3].

3. I.B.B. RECYCLING AND COMPOSTING PLANT

I.B.B. Composting Plaııt in Kisirma.ndira-Kemerburgaz, whose construdion had begun in Augııst 1998, is
located on the tarıd of 32000 m2 aırd has been running since March 200l. This plant has the capacity of
treating 1000 t/d of mixed municipal solid waste. Aerobic composingprocess used in thisplant is knownas
Tunnel Coınposting and is a fast composting technique. According to the data for the year 20|0-20l l, in this
plant 500 tons of solid wa§e is treated per day arıd 300 tons of this amount is added to Tunnel Composting
Reactor aııd the remaining l50 tons is eliminated by hand arıd is exposed to recycling process. As space
enhancing additives, 16 tors of şall arıd branch taken from the Directorate of Parks and Gardens per day, is
added to the composting process [4].

Wastes coming from places Iike bazaars and marketplaces and also residential areas rich in organic matter
fust comes to the department of preconditioning Preconditioning is composed of two lines which have
paıallel and similar features. Solid waste that come to sustenanc€ part, is caıried to two rotatİng drums whİch
are 3.35 m in diameter arıd which has cylinder of 12.47 m of length and 80 mm of bore diameter, through
 2ü

The Business Economics of the Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Isanbul
fucycle and Composting Plont
C. Yaman, A. Gunay, Y, Bayer

conveyor belt. Before going to fermentation unit, wastes that passed througlı the rotating drum of 80 mm,
metal parts İn thewaste are separatedthIough magnetic separator. Wastes bigger than 80 mm, ar€ carried to
the department of elimination by hand, viabands. The maximum waste capacity of drums is 66.5 tons per
hourarıdtheiıspeedis l0rotationsperminute.Thesurfacematerialthatcomesoutof8Ommrotatingdrum,
comes to the department ofseparation by hand, througlr conveyor belts. In this department, various synthetic
material (PET, HDPğ and PVC), metal (aluminurrL fuon etc.), paper and glass are thrown to 14 bunkers fo
hand. The remaining surface materials on the band, hig|ı in calorific value, like diaper, polyester bag and
teiile waste, are carried thıoug[ı bands to the refused derived fuel plants (RDF). In the RDF plant, with the
help of air separator and vibrating pedals, materials low in calorific value, like organic and metal materials,
glass and bones, are separated and taken to sanitary landfill. The remaining material is treated in the plant and
converted into RDF product which is used as additional fuel in cement factory. Wases like polyettıylene,
polypropylene and plastics are treated and converted into gaııular or bun accordingto their features; metal
and aluminum materials are pressed in scrap pres and made reağ for sale by decreasing their volume.

Composting process is made of two independent lines which are 230 m- long and 35 m-wide. ln each of these
lines, there are 8 alternate spaces, a paving machine and a mixing blending machine. Organic materials which
aıe smaller than 80 mm and which have passed thıougft magıetic separator, are directed to the laying bridge
with the help of bands. In the fermentaiion unit, while laying bridge moves lonğtudinally, rotating band
moves transversely so that the wastes are equally distribıled on the ground. The ls şaces of these lines are
filled with 700 tons of waste withinthle€ days and thıs 2.5 m-long masses are produced. In the end of the
fırst week, the masses in the space number l are transferred by compost transferringmachines and passed
into 2nd space with the help of band transmitters. In this way, wa$es stay 7 days in each space; they enter
from the fırst space of the tunnel and exit at the end of the 8r week and thus the composting process
(fermentation) is carried out.

lnput Pırımctcn

waste AcaaPhnc€
(torı/day)
Rolating 445
Scren(toıı/day)
Maıul Eliminate Bards l50
(oıı/day)
Fermilhtion(torı/day)
Last Scrming(toır/day)

(loıı/day)
Last Suming <| 5mm
(Compost
Productxtoıı/day)
RDF Tesisi(ıon/8ün) l0,50
Rccydiıg Producb
from MınuıI Sortfug
Bud

1,70
Plastics 3,56
Polyster bag l4,30
Pet 2,20
Paper{aıdboard- l t,00
Tarapak
pırımctcn
Scrm Siz{mm) 80 15 -
Figure I . Tlıe circuil dlzgıam and opeıatbnal paraıneıers of Kaııerbuıgaz Recyclng and ümposting Pbıl
EurAsia Waste Management Syınposium, I4-16 November 20I I, Haliç Congress Center, İstanbuWürkbıe
In the composting process, for the fırst thıee weeks, wastes are eryosed to faS fermentation. In this period,
positive venti-lation from bottom to tcp is carried out, while in the ne)il fıve weeks negtive ventilation, in
whiü the air is absorbed from the bottom and within the masses, is carried out.
The polluted air that came out during the composing proc€ss is refined in the bio fıIters arıd the odor
emissions are controlled. The leachate is collected in a tank and carried to l.eachate treatment plant in
Odayeri Sanitary Landfill. The temperature in the fermentation unit should be preserved above 60oC in order
to remove pathoçn microorgarrisms. When the temperature increases in the şaces, fanning duration and
period is increased and thts the temperature is decreased; when the terperature decreased, the ventilıation
duration and amount is also decreased. In Figure l the circuit diagram and operational parameters of
Kemerburagaz Recycling and Compost plant are shown.

j.I. The Busineşs Economics of the Composling Process

In Figııre 2; the results of the study regarding the waste characterization of Istanbul in 2010 is shown.
According to this, l27o of the municipal wastes is pçer-carton-t€trapak, 1.1l7o metal, 2.28o/o plastic,9.5o/o
packaç, 1.360/o p et and, 3.94o/o glass.

L-/
ı 0JEr{ilt'boiİd-lcxJpdl ı Glas a ?t: | 3Jl t Plas:i(s r MC:aL
''dr!:c|

Figure 2. Tlıe resılls of ıhe saığ rqaıdbıg llv wasg dıaıacgrizalbn oİIsanbul h 2010 (o)

Ta b b 3. F in aıı c b l aıı a ly s is of Kem e ıl u mga z Re cyc l in g oıd bınp o sl P h n l

İNVESTMENT COST

fultbm fuhİ&. hrHh ıDEĞ,.R.b ,Hfu. "ff ".ffi_

&a TdM6.

.hg Phı 5.57 l .975,00 TL 20 qe/. s51.5l7,9l3 3,ü/. 161.159,25 734.677,2l

Phnı 4.3l3.33ı.O0TL 20 a,ü/. 4!).122,ı) 3,w. 1293»,93 s68.722z
Unis 25.,ot 000,00 TL m 8,ü/o 2.5a7.w,92 3,ü/. 762.240,00 3,350.t00,92
T@hğlDcpfuı 1.33ı890.mTL z0 E.ü/. l35.757.79 3,ü/. 39_9ü.m 175.744.49
Pb6 1_76,ı 556,@ TL 20 a,e/. Iır.7B,93 3,oA 52 936,6E 232.ffi.6l
lrbodory conEng 1_059.üİı,fi)TL 20 a,ü/. lü7.ül,19 5,ç/. 52,950.00 t60.8l1,49
A§scmbly 707.1{B,m TL 20 a,e/. 72.o2o,ü 5,o/. ]5.355,ı5 107.375,15
and Ggımıoı ,050.924.00TL 20 8,v/. 921.856,60 5,ü/. 452.546,20 l .3744(a80
20
5ı.7:8.460,00 TL 5.268.657pl ı.8t8.60t 7.oa7.26s,t1

Tobl Anİrl
co.a
TlAk .
cos§(comPost ProdEt aıü disposil ComPost dğiaİ) 40!.l1ı,3
EtpaE6 3,l31.189,0
3.597.245,0
ng EJgcsc. 2.3(n.,l00,0
Mıinl.ffic ed
Tobı ıO.a37.97s

cotı ticD Uaiı P.iac Prtc Faabİ yrcıd ""rf$' Amuı Ar.tcoıı

200 0,94 0.12 5.2N

8m 0,8 0,94 0,0l36 620 39lr,8u)
s 7ü 0,8 0,94 0,022a ı,0l0 56s.ao
&8 8(» 0.t o94 o.Bı7 4.2ü 2,688.m
650 0.t 0.g o.ol ll 5@ 20-m
t 2.59l 59
{.801-993

NET tNcoME -l2.123.2ta

 The Business konomics of lhe Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Istanbul
Recycle and Composling Plant
C. Yaman, A. Gunry, Y. Bayer

When the investment arıd business costs ofthe composting and recycling plant are compared with the income
that comes from the sales of the recycled products produced in composting and recycling plants, it is seen thd
theannualcostofcompostingaııdrecyclingplantisapproximately l24TLpertonandtheincomeisaverage
34 TL per ton(Table 3.1). There is no income from the composting or recyclingplant. Theproducts produced
in the plant can not offered for sale. One ofthe factors that increase the business costs oftheplant is the fact
that the waste taken to the plaııt is collected İn a mi:<ed way.

4. REstJLTs AND DxSCtJssIoNs

According to the EU directives, in our country studies are ping on in order to eliminate the biologically
decomposing organic wastes are to be eliminated in the source and the amount of the waste is to be
decreased. In addition to the fact that the reduction ofthe amount oforgaııic waste, that will be taken to
saııitary landfills, is the requirement of EU directives, orgaııic wastes should be disposed in a more suffıcient,
qualifıed and economic way since the decomposition of the organic wastes takes long time when stored in
sanitary landfılls; leachate and coal comes out within the larıdfills and the need for landfills grows bigger.
Separate collection at source is not common in our country yet. Separate collection of the municipal solid
waste and exposing them to composİng and recycling will provide the ground for taking more qualifıed
products. Moreover, the time, labor arıd money used in order to sepaıate the miı<ed waste thd is taken to
composting plant, is gping to be saved. In addition to this, solid wa§es will be utilized without losing their
economic value.

Manuel sorting cannot fınance to packing waste. Instead of manual separation we have to focus on automatic
separation.

Potential of compost marketingshould be formed and necessary studies should be selected and applied for
this application.

REFERENCES
[l]. Tosu4 "Giil İşteme Posasnın Evsel Kdi Atikhrla Birli<te Kompostlaşabilirliği," Y.T.Ü. Insiıüe of Scienceş
Depatmeıit of Environmantal Engineering PhD Thesis, I*anbul, Tııkey,2ü3.
[2]. M. Itövaara and M. Vilarırı, "An overvieır, of nıe ho& fur bbdegradabilly testhg of biopolymers rıd pad<aging
l
mderials," Po lyn e rs oıd E rıv iron., vol. 4, pp. 29-3 6, |996.
[3]. S. Surindra and S. Sushma, "Comparisn of some novel polycuftuıe and traditbnal monocüure vermicomposting
reacto]sto decomposorgaı,ıic wısies"' Eabgical Fııgineering,vo!.33, pp.2l0-2lg,zCf|,E.
[4]. ArcİıivesofDiredordeofWa$eManaganoıt(20l0-20ll),I§anhılMampolitaııMıuıicipality.

BIOGRAPHY
Cevol YAI|IAN uorkd as Assisıanı of Gaıeml Diıecor in Gaıeıal Diıecbrale of
Enviıoımıaıal Mıxaganml of Turkiiı Minislryof Envimıwaıtoıd Foreslry belweqı 2008
aııd 2009. He also worked in foml poinl of General Direcbrab of Envimrunaılal
Maııaganenı od rtal poinl of IvEDPOL (Mdilenaeoı Acıbn Phn), and le ,ııorkd as
Hed oJSımıegı Deıclopnıent Ilniıaıd Turkey boıdinabr oJREMPEC @egbral lufuriııe
P o I fu l b n Em e rg aı cy Re spon se C aı te r).

Yanan ı.ıorkd as Direcbr oJEU Rehıions By 05D5ıh20l0, he was appoinld as Hed of

E nv i ıorun qı a l P
m le c tion & D ev e bpm m l oı d D ire c to r oJ Wa ste Moag otı m t.

Yonan ıeceiıed his BSc in Enviıonnıenhl Eıgineerhg in 1992 Jıom Isıanbul Teünbat
Uniwrsity, Isfuıbul,Turlreyandhis AEc in EnviıomnentalEnginuriıg in l996Jron Drexel
Uniıersity, U.S.A. He also ıeceiıed his PhD in 200j fionı Drexel University, IJ.S.A.
He may be onıacbd ,tvanan.cnvat@ibb.Pov.tİ.