Thermal efficiency analysis for

different drive methods of BFP

一、Basic driving types of BFP
二、Thermal efficiency analysis methods of BFP
三、Thermal efficiency analysis methods of typical ST unit
四、Thermal efficiency analysis of BFP during start up
五、Main factors affecting driving type of BFP
六、Discussion about plant power consumption rate
 一、 Basic driving types of BFP

1.1 The function, importance and basic requirement of BFP

1.2 Main driving types and features of BFP
1.3 Several issues ignored during operation of small ST
1.4 Improvement of high efficiency hydraulic coupling on
power saving
 1.1 The function, importance and basic
requirement of BFP
Basic principle of heat machine doing work

high temperature heat source

heat absorption
mechanical work

heat machine

heat release

low temperature heat source

1.1 The function, importance and basic requirement of BFP
One of components of steam dynamic cycle: driving power, heart
mechanical work to be consumed:（2～ 4）%

output work
boiler
ST

condenser

BFP

Rankine Cycle
1.1 The function, importance and basic requirement of BFP

Item Name Process Input/output

Reversible, adiabatic, Water compressed by BFP to

3-4 BFP
compressure boiler. power consumption wp

Water preheated at constant

Constant pressure,
pressure in boiler, vaporized,
4-5-6-1 Boiler reversible, heat
overheated, to become steam,
absorption
heat absorption q1
Steam expansion, doing work in
Reversible, adiabatic,
1-2 ST ST, to become steam exhaust,
expansion
doing work wt
Reversible, constant Steam exhaust condensate, heat
2-3 Condenser pressure, heat release, to become condensing
release water, exhaust heat release q2
1.1 The function, importance and basic requirement of BFP

thermodynamic system
 1.1 The function, importance and basic requirement of BFP

 运行泵 operation pump

 
1.在系统运行中的基本功
 basic function 能 备用泵 spare pump

 启动泵 start up pump

 

 定转速泵 fixed speed pump
2.泵的转速是否可调变转速泵 variable speed pump
 variable speed or not 
给水泵的 

基本分类 3.泵的基本驱动方式电动给水泵 motor driving

classification of BFP
 driving type 汽动给水泵
ST driving


 小汽轮机 small ST
 
液力耦合器 hydraulic coupling
4.变转速的方法
 method of variable speed 变频驱动 VFD driving
 多转速泵 multi-speed pump

1.2 Main driving types and features of BFP

Main ST driving BFP direct

o main solution in 1960s outside of China
• driving direct（fixed speed pump）
• via hydraulic coupling（variable speed pump）
o disadvantage
• the arrangement type of the whole unit
• operation character of shaft system
• ……
o Possibility of development
• technical development of large unit
• development of hydraulic coupling with big power and high
efficiency
• worth to discuss and study...
1.2 Main driving types and features of BFP

Motor driving BFP

o fixed speed motor driving BFP
o variable speed motor driving BFP
• traditional geared variable speed coupling
– whole efficiency is relatively low
– efficiency drops fast especially at low load
– “the big car mara” mostly
• high efficiency of variable speed planetary gear
– whole efficiency increases greatly
– flat efficiency curve in case of over 40~50% load
– efficiency is around 95% for main operation area
1.2 Main driving types and features of BFP
efficiency curve of different hydraulic couplings
1.2 Main driving types and features of BFP

Small ST driving BFP

o many types，but most is condensing type in China
o At confirmed power, the whole flow of high pressure
cylinder and middle pressure cylinder increased. It is
good for main ST
o steam of main ST is split partly. It is good for discharge
of low pressure cylinder.
o direct driving, variable speed adjustment
o no power limit for small ST
o direct reduce plant power consumption
o ……
1.2 Main driving types and features of BFP

disadvantage of ST driving BFP

o Basically, a condensing unit with low condition in
parallel with main ST
• its efficiency is impossibly high at design conditions
– worthless if efficiency is lower than 78%
– present efficiency is around 80～83%
o Compared with main ST efficiency, there is much gap
for relative internal efficiency
• rated condition: lower than 6 ～10%；
• part load: efficiency drops faster than main ST efficiency
– for example, sliding pressure operation at 50% load
» efficiency of low pressure cylinder of main ST: ~ 88.1%
» small ST efficiency: ~68.4%
•1.3 Several issues ignored during operation of small ST

steam intake and exhaust loss of small ST

o pressure lost, heat radiation
• for pipes and valves, pressure lost can reach around 6%
• high exhaust resistance , back pressure is 20~30% higher than
main ST.
o loss of enthalpy drop of small ST is around 5%.
power consumption of auxiliary equipment of small ST
o every motor driving pump in oil system
o 1.2~4.5% of small ST total efficiency
small ST efficiency changes with unit capacity
o small ST capacity increases, efficiency no big change
• rotor dynamic character of shaft system, non-frequency
modulate impeller design
• single flow, double flow
1.4 Improvement of high efficiency hydraulic coupling
on power saving

Vorecon efficiency

efficiency of geared variable speed coupling

small ST efficiency
Relationship between saving and earning
Saving based on coal consumption reduction
o coal consumption rate in the power supply system
o save primary energy
o real power saving and emission reduction
o power price increases rapidly: good time for pushing power saving
equipment with high efficiency
earning based on power supply income increase
o plant power consumption reduction
o increase power supply
o coal consumption rate is not considered possibly
o coal price lower, income better
o ST driving pump is preferred for most power plants, at the
condition of present power network dispatching
o coal price……？？？
 二、 Thermal efficiency analysis
methods of BFP
2.1 Constant flow analysis method
2.2 ST driving pump solution
2.3 Motor driving pump solution
2.4 solutions comparison
2.1 Constant flow analysis method
Constant flow analysis method
basic conditions
o initial and final parameters of steam and
reheat steam of main ST: same
o Feed water temperature and steam flow: equal
o Total power N of ST driving generator: completely equal
o Shaft power of BFP: equal
driving type
o small ST driving BFP: ST driving pump solution
• part of steam off main ST, main ST makes less work
o hydraulic coupling driving BFP: motor driving pump solution
power supply from Busbar of main unit outlet, so main unit
generates less power.
Comparison result
o there is difference on net power generated (switch into the grid)
2.2 ST driving pump solution
net output power
汽
N净 = N 总 − ∆N

∆N = Gex ∆H exη riη mη g

∆N ——power generated by steam extraction after extraction point of
main ST, which make main unit less work
Gex ——steam extraction flow to small ST（kg/s ）；
∆H ex ——enthalpy drop from extraction point to exhaust point in main unit（kJ/kg）；
η ri ——flow efficiency from extraction point to exhaust point in main unit（%）
η m ——mechanical efficiency of main unit（%）
η g ——generator efficiency （%）
Design condition: efficiency of ST driving generator unit in China

序 unit
机组等级及容量 主要设efficiency(%)
main part 备的效率（%）
item
capacity 备注
remark
号 （MW）
(MW) ηriHP ηriIP ηriLP ηm ηg
super high pressure
1 超 高压125、200
125,200
83～85 91～93 86～88 98 98

2 亚 临界300、
sub-critical 600
300,600 87～89 92～94 89～91 99～ ～99
suppercritical
3 超 临界600、660
600,660 86～88 91～93 89～91 99～ ～99
ultra-supercritical
4 超超临界1000
1000 86～88 92～94 90～92 99～ 99
Operation character of main ST under variable conditions
over 30～40% load
o big scale unit: composite sliding pressure operation type
o flow efficiency in ST（except the last several stages of low pressure
cylinder）: no big change
o mechanical efficiency、generator efficiency: slight drop
annual operation time in coal fired units

设计条件运行
annual operation 实际运行
actual annual 主力机组
annual 全国平均
average operation
负荷水平
load hours at design operation hours operation hours hours in the whole
每年小时数
data 每年小时数 每年小时数
of main unit 每年小时数
nation

100% 4200 3200 3000 /

75% 2120 2400 2000 /
50% 1180 1500 1800 /
40% 300 600 700 /
annual operation
年运行小时数
hours 7800 7700 7500 /
年利用小时数
annual utilization
hours
6500 5990 5680 5344
full 满负荷率
load rate 53.80% 41.60% 40.00% /
2.3 Motor driving pump solution
net output power
电
N净 = N 总 − ∆N电泵
power split from generator
N 给水泵
∆N电泵 =
ηd
power consumption of BFP and small ST efficiency

N给水泵 = N η = Gex ∆h η η
p
BFPT m
p p
ex ri m
enthalpy drop of small ST
∆hex = ∆H exη thpη aup
total efficiency of electrical energy transmission
ηd = ηtηmtηmeη fc
Small ST efficiency at 50% of capacity in sub-critical 600MW unit
decrease along with
the load drop of
main ST
lower efficiency at
lower load

主要项目
item 单位
unit 工况1
point 1 工况2
point 2 工况3
point 3 工况44
point

负荷水平
load / 100% 75% 50% 40%

机组负荷
capacity MW 600 450 300 240
efficiency of
小机A效率 % 82.87 78.72 68.63 65.15
small ST A
efficiency of
小机B效率
small ST B
% 82.88 78.37 68.09 65.72

average
小机平均效率 % 82.88 78.55 68.36 65.47
efficiency of
small ST
Steam enthalpy drop loss of small ST
for example, 50% capacity of small ST in sub-critical 600MW unit
o resistance loss and shaft seal leakage loss included in small ST
efficiency
o around 5% of enthalpy drop loss due to pipe resistance, heat emission
loss and exhaust pressure increase
o in case of high pressure steam, bigger throttle loss
主要项目
item 单位
unit 工况1
point 1 工况2
point 2 工况3
point 3 工况4
point 4

负荷水平
load / 100% 75% 50% 40%
机组负荷
capacity MW 600 450 300 240
∆H ex kJ/kg 849.1 823.1 738 763.2
小机A
efficiency of ∆hex kJ/kg 809.7 782 696.5 722
small ST A
η thp % 95.36 95.01 94.38 94.6
∆H ex kJ/kg 811.7 826.7 742.7 767.4
efficiency of
small小机B
ST B ∆hex kJ/kg 851.1 786.5 701.2 726.3
η thp % 95.37 95.14 94.41 94.64
average efficiency
小机平均 % 95.37 95.08 94.4 94.62
η p
th
of small ST
Efficiency change reference value for a certain motor

主 要项目
item
单位
unit
工 况1
point 1
工况2
point 2
工况3
point 3
工 况4
point 4

负 荷水平
load
/ 100% 75% 50% 40%

电机平均效率
motor average
efficiency % 96.4 96.2 95.6 95
Efficiency character of hydraulic coupling

o geared variable speed coupling

• design data——high efficiency，around 92%；
• efficiency decrease alongh with speed drop, due to slip increase
o variable speed planetary gear
• relative flat, keep high efficiency at big variable speed range

item unit point 1 point 2 point 3 point 4

主要项目 单位 工况1 工况2 工况3 工况4

load
负荷水平 / 100% 75% 50% 40%

普通增速齿轮型
geared variable speed
coupling % 92.5 84 72.5 68
液力偶合器效率
高效行星齿轮型
variable speed planetary
gear % 95 95 92 86
液力偶合器效率
2.4 Solutions comparison
comparison between ST driving and motor driving
o ——net output power
• “＋ ”—— better for ST driving pump
• “－ ”——better for motor driving pump

∆N 净 = N 净汽 − N 净
电

= (N总 − ∆N ) − (N总 − ∆N电泵 )

Gex ∆H exηthpη aup η ripη mp
= − Gex ∆H exη riη mη g
ηd
 η p
η riη mη g 
= Gex ∆H exηthη riη m 
p p p au
− p p p 
 η d ηthη riη m 
 η aup η riη mη g 
= N 给水泵  − p p p
η η η η 
 t mt m fc ηthη riη m 
e

= N 给水泵 K
2. 4.1 Solution comparison 1
a certain sub-critical 600MW unit
at design data of full load
geared variable speed coupling
o ST driving pump better sligtly than motor driving type
o annual utilization hours is 5500，ST driving solution has 76.2 x 104
kwh of more power than motor driving solution

 ηaup ηriηmηg 
∆N净 = N给水泵 − p p p
η η η η η η η 
e
 t mt m fc th ri m 

 0.9882 0.905× 0.992× 0.986 

= N给水泵 − 
 0.98× 0.964× 0.98× 0.925 0.9537× 0.8288× 0.98
= 12410× (+ 0.01117)
= 139(kW)
2.4.2 Solution comparison 2
a certain sub-critical 600MW unit
at design data of full data
variable speed planetary gear
o motor driving solution is better
o annual utilization hours is 5500，motor driving solution has 130.9 x
104 kwh of more power than ST driving solution

 η p
η riη mη g 
∆N 净 = N 给水泵  au
− p p p
η η η η e
η η η 
 t mt m fc th ri m 
 0.9882 0.905 × 0.992 × 0.986 
= N 给水泵  − 
 0.98 × 0.964 × 0.98 × 0.95 0.9537 × 0.8288 × 0.98 
= 12410 × (− 0.01920)
= −238(kW )
2.4.3 Solution comparison 3
variable conditions
o thermal efficiency comparison: a certain sub-critical 600MW unit
o “＋”means better for ST solution,“－”means better for motor solution.
主要项目
item 单位
unit 工 况11
point 工 况22
point 工 况33
point 工 况44
point

负荷水平
load / 100% 75% 50% 40%

机组负荷
capacity MW 600 450 300 240
N
给total
水泵 总功
power of率
BFP kW 12410 8176 3434 3740
N 给水泵
普通
geared 系数
coefficient / 0.01117 0.05592 0.03873 0.09038
增速齿轮型 K
variable
speed ∆N 净
液力偶合器 kW 139 457 133 338
coupling
∆N 净 N 给水泵
% 1.12 5.59 3.87 9.04

∆N净 N % 0.0232 0.1016 0.0443 0.1408

高效
variable 系数 / -0.0192 -0.09059 -0.2662 -0.2337
行 星齿轮型 K
speed
planetary ∆N 净
液 力
gear 偶 合 器 kW -238 -741 -914 -874

∆N 净 N 给水泵
% -1.92 -9.06 -26.62 -23.37

∆N净 N % -0.03967 -0.1646 -0.3047 -0.2337

 Variable conditions

① For motor driving solution with geared variable speed coupling, due to low
coupling efficiency, total transmission efficiency is lower than ST driving
solution, whatever design data or variable conditions. Therefore, motor
driving solution with geared variable speed coupling is less competitive for
equal to and over 600MW unit.

② Along with load decrease of main ST, efficiency of small ST decreases

gradually. But coupling efficiency drops rapidly due to slip increase. Motor
driving solution is worse than ST driving solution.

③ For motor driving solution with variable speed planetary gear, efficiency is
higher than ST driving solution, whatever design data or variable conditions.
Therefore, motor driving solution with variable speed planetary gear is
more competitive for 600MW unit.

④ Even though load of main ST decrease, motor driving solution is better than
ST driving solution, as efficiency of variable speed planetary gear is over
90% at over 50% of load.
 Variable conditions

⑤ Main factor is depending on efficiency of low pressure cylinder,

small ST and coupling.
• due to objective condition limit, the following cannot be improved
– low pressure cylinder efficiency
– small ST efficiency
• geared variable speed coupling
– restrictive factor is efficiency decrease due to slip
• motor driving solution has better advantage, due to the use of
variable speed planetary gear, transformer, power transmission
and high efficiency motor.
– especially for annual utilization hours decrease year by year, and
most operation time in peak load regulation
» 6500 hours
» 5900 hours
» 5344 hours
» 5000 hours
 Variable conditions

⑥ In China, 600MW unit is a very typical unit, in respect to ST

itself, feed water system, and other related system.
• The analysis result can be used in sub-critical 300MW unit for
reference, as there is corresponding relation between 300MW unit
and 600MW unit.
• The analysis result also can be used in super-critical 600MW unit
through deduction and calculation.
• It even can be used in ultra super-critical 1000MW unit.

⑦ Because the design of ST driving generator unit is different in

different plants, capacity of ST driving pump is different,
reference of variable speed planetary gear is not too much,
detailed analysis is required based on actual operation
conditions.
• Under part load, working load of main ST is increased.
• Comprehensive benefit is obvious.
2.4.4 Solution comparison 4
annual operation conditions
o a certain sub-critical 600MW unit
o “＋”means better for ST driving pump solution,“－”means better for motor
driving pump solution.

主要项目
item 单位
unit 机组1
unit 1 机组2
unit 2 机组3
unit 3 机组4
unit 4
年利用小时数
annual utilization hours hour
小时 6500 5990 5680 5344
主机总发电功率
total power generation 10亿度
8 kwh
39 35.94 34.08 32.06
给水泵总耗功量
total power consumption of BFP 10亿度
8 kwh 0.7463 0.6673 0.6238 0.5869
给水泵耗功占主机发电比
%
BFP power / power generation 1.91 1.86 1.83 1.83
率
给泵耗功增 104 kwh
普通 万度 181.1 194.4 180.7 （＋170.0）
geared 益
variable 给泵相对增
增速齿轮型 % 2.43 2.91 2.9 （＋2.90）
speed 益
coupling 主机效率增
液力偶合器 % 0.0464 0.0541 0.053 （＋0.053）
益
给泵耗功增 104 kwh
高效 万度 -391.1 -443.54 -445.3 （－419.0）
variable 益
speed 给泵相对增
行星齿轮型 % -5.24 -6.65 -7.14 （－7.14）
planetary 益
gear 主机效率增
液力偶合器 % -0.1003 -0.1234 -0.1307 （－0.131）
益
 Annual operation conditions

① Motor driving pump with geared variable speed coupling

against ST driving pump:
o 190x104 kwh of power is saved for ST driving pump solution.
o Compared with pump power consumption, ST driving pump
solution increases benefit around 2.5～3.0%.
o Compared with power generation, ST driving pump solution
increase benefit around 0.05%。

② Motor driving pump with variable speed planetary gear against

ST driving pump ：
o 440x104 kwh of power is saved for motor driving pump solution.
o Compared with pump power consumption, motor driving pump
solution increase benefit around 5.2～7.1%；
o Compared with power generation, motor driving pump solution
increase benefit around 0.12%.
 Several questions to be cared

Before, in the analysis:

o Most are limited for design data
• take a part for the whole！
• cannot replace the actual annual operation conditions
o In order to meet full load and over load conditions
• selection of auxiliary system is a little big
• so that actual condition is far away from design data
– low efficiency at normal condition
At present, the status of coal fired unit is as below
o annual utilization hours decrease gradually year by year
• mostly operate at non-design condition
• then efficiency is very low
o this status deviates from power saving and emission reduction
• as a result, peak operation is a must
– how to operate high efficiently？
– new topic to be studied
 Several questions to be cared

variable speed planetary gear

o flat efficiency curve, not restricted to variable conditions—
—biggest advantage！
• at design data, better than ST driving pump solution
• at variable conditions, far better than ST driving pump solution
• at start up condition, far better than ST driving pump solution for
efficiency and operation performance
application prospect
o new design unit: foresee future conditions
• 6800小时？？？！！！
o unit in operation : modification potentiality of power saving for
BFP
 三、Thermal efficiency analysis
methods of typical ST unit

3.1 Medium and small unit

3.2 Wet cooling big scale unit
3.3 Air cooling unit
3.4 Nuclear unit
3.1 Medium and small unit
3.1.1 typical unit: less than 300MW unit
o super high pressure parameter
• 135MW、200MW
o high pressure heating supply unit
• 100MW、50MW
o combined cycle unit
• class E
– high pressure parameter, pure condensing type
» typical unit 50MW、100MW
• class F
– super high pressure, sub-critical parameter, multi-pressure pure
condensing type
» 135MW、250MW
3.1 Medium and small unit
3.1.2 Motor driving pump solution has better
advantages
o Capacity of small ST is less, steam data lower,
efficiency lower greatly
o case 一：
– expansion modification for a certain 200MW unit: motor driving
pump modified to steam driving pump
» taking value of small ST is relatively high in this design
» actual efficiency is 78% only at design data
» no economic benefit

o case二：
– modification of a heating supply unit : motor driving pump
modified to steam driving pump
» steam extraction parameters are far higher than parameters
required by end user
» using back pressure small ST, part works used to drive BFP
» energy cascade use
3.2 Wet cooling big scale unit
300MW unit
o sub-critical parameter
• 300MW、330MW、350MW
o boundary of conventional variable speed motor pump and ST pump
• thermal efficiency is equivalent
– advantage of ST pump: save plant power consumption
– advantage of moto pump: simple system
• typical solution
– 50%×2 ST pump＋（30～50）%×1 motor pump
– 100 %×1 ST pump＋（30～50）%×1motor pump: higher ST pump
efficiency
– 50%×3 motor pump: BEIZHONG unit, depending on main ST design
concept

o high efficiency hydraulic coupling

• Motor pump solution is better
– recommend: 50%×3 motor pump
3.2 Wet cooling big scale unit
600MW unit
o sub-critical, super critical, ultra super critical parameter
• 600MW、660MW、700MW
o ST pump is better slightly than variable speed motor pump
• typical solution
– 50%×2 ST pump＋（30～50）%×1 motor pump
– 100 %×1 ST pump＋（30～50）%×1 motor pump
» ST pump has higher efficiency
– 50%×3 motor pump: import unit depending on main ST design
concept
o high efficiency hydraulic coupling
• motor pump solution is better
– recommend: 50%×3 motor pump
3.2 Wet cooling big scale unit
1000MW unit
o ultra super critical parameter
• 1000MW
– motor capacity
– limit capacity of single exhaust outlet of small ST
o ST pump solution is better
• typical solution in China
– 50%×2 ST pump＋30%×1 standby motor pump
– 50%×2 ST pump＋30%×1 startup motor pump
– 100 %×1 ST pump
» symmetric double split flow configuration
o high efficiency hydraulic coupling
• Motor pump solution is better
– equivalent to ST pump solution at design data
– better at part load
3.3 Air cooling unit
3.3.1 typical unit：
o less than 300MW unit
• super high pressure parameter
– 135MW、200MW
o 300MW unit
• sub-critical parameter
– 300MW、330MW
o 600MW unit
• sub-critical and super critical parameter
– 600MW、660MW
o 1000MW unit
• ultra super critical parameter
– 1000MW
3.3 Air cooling unit
3.3.2 typical configuration
o variable speed motor pump used mostly
• low enthalpy drop, frequent back pressure fluctuation, not
adapt to ST pump
o for the sake of saving plant power consumption: ST
pump solution
• small wet cooling tower is necessary normally
– big difference on comparable conditions
– difference on water source
o high efficiency hydraulic coupling
• under same conditions, motor pump solution is better
– recommend: 50%×3 motor pump
3.4 Nuclear unit
3.4.1 full speed unit
o ST pump used mostly
• 300MW
• 600MW、700MW
• 900MW、1000MW
3.4.2 semi-speed unit
o motor pump used mostly
• 1000MW、1200MW
– recommend 1: 50%×3 motor pump
– recommend 2: 35%×4 motor pump
四、 Thermal efficiency analysis of BFP
during start up

4.1 Start up model without motor pump

4.2 Thermal efficiency analysis during start up
4.3 Other factors
4.1 Start up model without motor pump
4.1.1 There is no start up model without motor pump in
motor pump solution
o without auxiliary steam
• There is no enough auxiliary steam to start up small ST
• Emergency alternative only for successful start up of whole
unit and grid-connected operation
– water supply for condensing pump or booster pump
– boiler ignition, steam with certain temperature and pressure
– main steam from boiler start up BFP, increase pressure and flow
• Key questions
– speed control of small ST
– exhaust temperature of small ST
– flow control of boiler
– ……
o with auxiliary steam (or steam extraction from other
unit)
4.1 Start up model without motor pump
4.1.2 start up model without motor pump, for the
sake of saving plant power consumption
o motor pump configured in the plant did not be used
o enough auxiliary steam source (or steam extraction from other unit)
o replace with ST pump, to save plant power consumption
o increase power supply to the grid
o external factors
• grid regulation model
• electric energy settlement
• power price settlement
Is thermal efficiency analysis reasonable or saving
energy basically?
4.1 Start up model without motor pump
4.1.3 configuration without motor pump
o enough auxiliary steam start up small ST
o Is there complete thermal efficiency analysis in start up
process or not
• saving plant power consumption apparently
• is energy of auxiliary steam used sufficiently or not
• is auxiliary steam metering and evaluating correctly or not
o 《balance rule of heat system in coal fired plant》
• pipe efficiency
– narrow sense
– broad sense
• steam water loss
– under heat consumption experiment
– under normal operation
• ……
4.2 Thermal efficiency analysis during start up
4.2.1 ST energy conversion
o big inlet steam loss at start up and very low load
o very low ST efficiency at very low load
o BFP performance
• speed control of small ST
• steam exhaust temperature of small ST
• boiler flow control
• ……
4.2 Thermal efficiency analysis during start up
4.2.2 motor pump energy transmission
o auxiliary steam converts to electricity efficiently in
main ST
o relatively efficiently energy transmission train
o hydraulic coupling
• geared variable speed coupling
• variable speed planetary gear
– high efficiency preferred
o site conditions
• relatively simple system
• simple operation
• less risk
• flexible and stable regulating
4.3 Other factors
external conditions
o startup standby transformer: settlement of
corresponding electricitity and price
o plant total variation: unit connection type
o public section: connection type and capacity limit
o voltage grades——6KV、10KV
o ……
五、 Main factors affecting driving type
of BFP
5.1 Direction function of design rules
5.2 Effect of grid regulation settlement model
5.3 Technical development and solution of main ST
5.4 Technical development of small ST
5.5 Technical development and effect of big capacity
motor
5.6 Hydraulic coupling technology
5.7 Variable frequency technology
5.1 Direction function of design rules
current regulation《 design rule in coal fired power plant》
o （DL5000—2000）
• DL5000-2000 is based version 1994, and revised through investigation
and research in 1990s. It reflects the configuration and development of
coal fired power unit at that moment and in the future.
• After rapid development in recent 10 years, some is found to be updated
and revised. In fact, new version is in preparation.
• for configuration of BFP, there are also some changes. If capacity is too
big, actual operation point is far away from design point, then pump
operates low efficiently in long term.
About water supply system and pump configuration, they
are described in “the provisions of note”.
o 125MW、200MW unit
o 300MW unit
o equal to and bigger than 600MW unit
o For equal to and bigger than 300MW unit, if one of the following
occurs, and it is reasonable after technical and economic
comparison, 50%×3 variable speed BFP driven by motor can be
configured。
5.1 Direction function of design rules
① Regenerative system of ST itself and generator margin
is suitable to use motor driving BFP;
• 3×660MW unit was imported from Alstom in Shajiao C plant,
and 300MW units were imported from Alstom in BEIZHONG.
BFP configuration is 50%×3 motor pump with variable speed .
② For air cooling unit；
• Because ST back pressure is big, with surrounding
temperature change, if ST pump is used, exhaust steam will be
connected to main condenser, then small ST operation
conditions will be complex, economic is bad. For equal to and
bigger than 300MW unit with air cooling unit, motor pump is
used in the world.
③ Steam extraction heat supply system
5.2 Effect of grid regulation settlement model
domestic grid regulation model
o grid regulation control directly power generation power of unit into the grid.
o settlement based on power into the grid at main transformer outlet
under this model——
o reduce power consumption in plant, and increase actual power into the grid
• under same power-thermal efficiency, ST pump can increase more power
into the grid than motor pump, which makes company get more profit
under conditions of market economy.
• whatever the actual condition of unit in each power plant, pushing
technical modification of ST pump can make company have best profit,
especially for relatively low power-coal price, and relatively high product
value.
• Whether ST pump can save energy or not, thermal economic is reasonable
or not, it is not too important, because it runs in opposite direction of
power saving and emission reduction.
improvement measure
o under same conditions, the precedence of power into the grid can depend on
thermal efficiency of the unit.
o power market system is affected
• out of order increase of coal price and ordered regulation
• some ST pump modification projects are expected have rich income, but
their payback is almost impossible now.
5.3 Technical development and solution of main ST
part units in Europe——motor pump solution
o Main ST should take last stage impeller with higher
efficiency. Increase capacity and design thermal system
reasonably.
o At this condition, variable speed motor pump is used.
o After comparison, motor pump solution is better than
ST pump solution.
• Alstom unit is very typical
– 3×660MW unit in Shajiao C plant
– 330MW in Beijing Steam Turbine Company
» 50%×3 variable speed motor pump is a standard solution.
5.3 Technical development and solution of main ST
in USA and Japan——ST pump model
o Small ST driving BFP direct is used, which can reduce
steam exhaust of main ST, and can be good for the
design and normal operation of low pressure section.
o After comparison, even though small ST efficiency is
relatively low, consumption in direct driving solution is
lower than that in variable speed motor pump solution.
o ST technology is imported from USA and Japan in
Harbin, Shanghai and Dongfang ST companies.
• Small ST driving BFP has absolute advantage in our country.
Furthermore, due to external factors such as power grid
regulation, the conception takes strong root.
• However, it will be changed along with the appearance of high
efficiency hydraulic coupling
5.3 Technical development and solution of main ST
Two models have own technical characters and
develop independently.
Two models have own advantages.
o Variable speed motor pump make thermal system of
the unit design simple, operation flexible and reliable.
For some conditions such as main pump in nuclear
island and circulation pump in steam drum, this is the
only solution.
o With the development of variable speed technology,
such as development of high efficiency hydraulic
coupling and variable frequency technology, variable
speed motor pump could be developed greatly.
o Because power of small ST has no limit, small ST
driving pump is quite common in ST generation unit.
5.4 Technical development of small ST
complicated conditions of ST: variable speed,
variable power, variable data, multi-steam source
（1）misunderstanding: it is compared with ST in
normal power plant with same capacity, internal
efficiency and related factors.
（2）variable conditions: load applicability, economy
（3）capacity, reliability of small ST
（4）the configuration of small ST and air cooling unit
 5.5 Technical development and effect of big capacity motor

（1）manufacture technology and capability of big

capacity motor
（2）start up technology of big capacity motor
（3）auxiliary electrical equipment
（4）development of variable speed technology
 六、 Discussion about plant power
consumption rate

6.1 Basic status of plant power consumption

6.2 Discussion about electricity saving and power
saving
6.1 Basic status of plant power consumption

formation and index of plant power consumption

o plant power consumption
o plant electricity consumption
• capacity of plant power consumption and system configuration
– motor has big effect on system
• reliable and stable system
– independent operation reduce effect on grid
– depend on grid
o plant power consumption rate
• Reducing plant power consumption rate can increase some
important indexes on power supply capability
• Can reducing plant power consumption be one of indexes to
increase plant economy?
– unsure under some conditions！
 6.2 Discussion about electricity saving and power saving

6.2 .1 electricity and power saving

o for the sake of increasing efficiency of some equipment or system
• reducing plant power consumption and consumption rate
– water condensing pump: change fixed speed to variable
speed
– water circulation pump
» pump台数切换、多转速、变转速、变角度
– BFP
» fixed speed to variable speed, high efficiency small ST, and
advanced hydraulic coupling
– fan
» forced shaft fan, induced shaft fan
» damper adjustment at inlet and outlet: corner adjustment of stator
and rotor cascades
– ……
• Considering electricity and power saving together can really
make power saving and emission reduction
 6.2 Electricity saving and power saving
6.2 .2 contrary electricity saving and power saving
o electricity saving but not power saving
• apparently electricity saving, but actually not power saving
• take example for BFP, replace motor driving with other
driving machine
– replace motor pump with ST pump
» it is obviously to reduce plant power consumption
– but more steam consumed, and waste more primary
energy
– it is necessary to have complete thermal economy
evaluation
• take example of the coal pulverizing bin system, time variable
operation
– basically not power saving
– increase power supply capability at high peak load
– maximum profit at market economy
End, Thanks！