1.

General
The steam turbine plant converts the thermal energy of
the steam generated by the steam generator into
electrical energy.

1. Task Of the System

HP-IP-LP Turbine
Shaft Seals
Turbine Bearings
Balance Piston
Turbine Stop Valves
Turbine Control Valves
Turning Device
2. Design Criteria

Casing Of The 1st Cylinder

Turbine Rotor
Shaft Bearing
Turbine Stop and Control Valves
3. Conversion of Thermal Energy into
Mechanical Energy

h = u + p.V

h = enthalpy
u = internal energy
p.V = flow work = external work
4. Turbine Types Reaction Ratio

H is , rot
Reaction Ratio R =
H is , stage
Where :
His,rot is the amount of enthalpy drop to be converted into
kinetic energy in the rotating blade channels
His, stage is the total enthalpy drop of one turbine stage
considered.
5. Twisted Long LP Blades
With increasing blade length the blade tip velocity
is distinctly higher than at the blade root. In order
to avoid shock losses the rotating blade channels
must be twisted.
6. Critical Speed
The critical speed is the rotating speed at which
the rotor or the rotors composed of several shafts
are excited at its bending frequency.
During start-up the critical speed range must be
passed in a short time. In the range of 95 % to
103 % of nominal are no critical speeds.
 2. Design Of the System
1. Steam Turbine, General Descriptions
 Constructions, Steam flow
 HP Turbine Barrel Type Casing
 IP Turbine, LP Turbine
 Blading
 Bearings
 Shaft Seals and Blade Tip Seals
 Valves
 Turbine Control System
 Turbine Monitoring System
 Oil Supply System
2. Fixed Points
The following components form the fixed points for
the turbine:
 The HP, IP and LP turbine bearing pedestals
 The bracket supports of the HP and IP turbine on the
HP turbine rear bearing pedestal
 The condenser welded to the LP turbine outer casings
 The thrust bearing in the HP turbine rear bearing
pedestal
Rotor Expansion
Differential Expansion
3. HP Turbine Section
Barrel - Type Casing
Attachment of Inner Casing
Connection to Main Stop and Control Valves
Shaft Seal and Balancing Piston
4. IP Turbine Section
Double Shell Construction
Admission and Extraction Branches
Attachment of Inner Casing
Shaft Seals
5. LP Turbine
Construction
Steam Admission
Steam Outlet
Outer Casing
Inner Casing
Shaft Seals
Atmospheric Relief Diaphragm
( Rupture Disc)
6. Blading
HP Turbine Stationary and Rotating Blades
IP Turbine Moving and Stationary Blades
LP Turbine Drum Stages and Final Stages
Measures for Preventing Droplet – Impact Erosion
7. Bearings
1. Basic
Steam turbines equipped with friction bearings which
are supplied with pressure oil. Vertical forces, as rotor
weight are supported by journal bearing while thrust
force is borne by a single thrust bearing. These
bearings are used to fix the rotor in axial and radial
direction.
2. Front and Rear Bearing Pedestal HP Turbine
3. Journal Bearing
Function
Oil Supply
Jacking Oil
Bearing Shell Removal
4. Front And Rear Bearing Pedestal IP Turbine
5. Combined Journal and Thrust Bearing
Function
Construction and Mode Of Operation
Temperature Measurement
Oil Supply
Jacking Oil
8. Hydraulic Turning Gear with Hydromatic
Motor
Function Of the Rollstar Motor
Hydraulic Turning Gear
9. Manual Turning Gear
Function
Arrangement
Construction and Mode of Operation
Operation
10. Rotor
Shaft
Coupling