English TD System

Part 3 Technique Introduction of
TD Series Tractor
Lecturer ： Liu
yuanjun
Contents
Chapter Ⅰ Structure and principle
Chapter II Maintenance and adjustment
Chapter III Troubleshooting methods of common problems

Composition of tractor
1. Power system includes engine, radiator, tank and
operational mechanism.
2. Transmission system includes clutch, gearbox,
rear axle and front axle.
3. Hydraulic working attachment includes hydraulic
mechanism and suspension working mechanism.
4. Electrical system includes electrical appliances
and related control equipments.
5. Steering and brake system includes mechanism
or hydraulic steering and brake equipments.
6. vehicle body ： ROPS, cab and accessories.
Section 1 Power system

1. Engine block assy, connecting rod mechanism
includes engine block, cylinder head, crankshaft,
connecting rods, cylinder liners and pistons etc.
2. Air distributing mechanism includes camshaft,
push rod, rocker arms and air valves.
3. Fuel supply system includes fuel tank, delivery
pump, fuel injection pump, fuel injectors and fuel
filter.
4. Air inlet and outlet system includes air filter, air
inlet pipe, air outlet pipe and muffler.
5. Lubrication system includes oil pump and oil filter
etc..
6. Cooling system includes radiator, water pump,
and water pipe etc..
7. Starting system includes starter motor, relays
etc..
Structure and Feature of Lovol Engine
 compact structure, small and light

 environmental, economic, fuel efficient
 low temperature startup performance
 simple maintenance
 good reliability, long service life
 low noise
1. Compact structure, good

arrangement of spare parts,
small and light.
left-side
Water pump
Oil inject pump
Air compressor
Oil cooler
Filter
Right-side
Air inlet pipe
Exhaust pipe
Turbocharger
Generator
Starter
2. Environmental and fuel efficient
Supercharging technology
Compressor
Case
air-
inlet
Exhaust gas turbocharger uses exhaust gas from engine to make turbocharger
blade rotate rapidly through turbo and rotor shaft. The fresh air is
supercharged and increase density to come into cylinder through air inlet pipe.
Increase air intake quality, so more fuel can be injected into cylinder.
•Environmental, economic, fuel efficient

piston ：
Adopted Perkins patent technology
quadrangles and circular combustor, to make
the atomized oil deformed with air, increase
mixing ratio to burn completely.
Injector ：
P-type oil mouth, adopted multi-

hole high pressure injection
technology, with good atomized
effects and low fault rate.
Water temperature is controlled in 83-95℃
Thermostat ：
•Open temperature ： 80℃
•Opening ： 9mm
•The temperature of coolant below 80℃ is inner

circulation.
•The temperature of coolant above 80℃ is outer
circulation.
The normal water temperature is 90℃. At this time, all the parts lubrication, abrasion,
burn and exhaust are in the ideal condition.
When the water temperature is low, heat consumption of cylinder is largest, burst
temperature and pressure is decreased, and the engine is weak now. At this time, low
water temperature and large oil density increase friction resistance of all parts, decrease
strength and service life.
When the engine works in low temperature, the abrasion is larger than normal working,
so the engine cannot work in low temperature for a long time.
3. Good reliability, long service life
Dry cylinder sleeve ：

 Avoid cylinder corrosion by
coolant.
30-35 degree quilted grinding grain
is polished by silicon carbide, in
order to lubricate completely in
cylinder sleeve, piston and piston
rings.
Easy to replace.
Adopted gear driving pump,

increase cooling efficiency.
Avoid cylinder locking, shaft

burning and bearing
burning due to high
temperature or belt fault.
• Rotating easy damaged parts are all used heat treatment to prolong
service life.
4. low temperature startup

Glo performance
wpl
ug
Engine can be started easily by

using pre-heating equipment
when the temperature below -
15℃.
5. simple maintenance
– Water pump, oil injection pump ：
Maintenance-free type, not need to maintenance in time and add lubrication

grease.
– Filter element ： whole structure, easy to replace
– Fastening parts: all the bolts are adopted metric standard. There are no
spring washers on self-locking bolts, easy to install and repair.
6. Low noise
Sound insulation measure ：
 Adopted combined sound
insulation material for valve
chamber cover, timing chamber
cover and oil sump. Use
welded aluminium structure to
decrease noise abroad.
 The noise is below 96 db.
 This is the most quiet engine in
the same level.
Section 2 Chassis and Transmission system
Chassis system includes clutch, gearbox, rear axle and front drive axle.
16F+8R shuttle type gearbox

Ⅰ. Clutch
1. Model of clutch ： dry, single disk and
independent control dual-stage clutch.
2. Main parts ： drive plate （ 2. 10 ） . pressure
plate （ 3. 12 ） . spring （ 1 ） . release fingers
（ 8. 15 ） and clutch cover （ 11 ）
3. Working principle of clutch ：

Traction clutch release ： tread down the clutch pedal,
through clutch control mechanism to push release bearing
(14) forward, and then push traction release finger forward.
Traction release finger push the spring of traction
pressure plate forward through release pushing rod,
then the clearance between traction pressure plate and
clutch housing became larger and the traction driven plate
slips to cut down the engine power.
PTO clutch release ： pull the PTO clutch fingers, through
clutch control mechanism to push release bearing (13)
forward, and then push PTO release finger forward. PTO
release finger pull the spring of PTO pressure plate
backward through release pulling rod, then the clearance
between PTO pressure plate and flywheel became larger
and the PTO driven plate slips to cut down the engine
power.
Ⅱ. Gearbox
1. Working principle of gearbox
8F+4R gearbox
8F+8R shuttle type gearbox
16F+8R creeper type gearbox

16F+8R shuttle
type gearbox
Combined gearbox, including main

gearshift, auxiliary gearshift and
high & low speed
Main
gearshift
Auxiliary
gearshift
Main gearshift can realize four shifts.

Auxiliary gearshift can realize high shift,
low shift, rear shift or shuttle shift.
High & low can realize high and low
high & low
shift, common shift or creeping shift.
speed
2. Main parts
Power output Middle

shaft shaft
Drive shaft of
First auxiliary gearshift
shaft
Ⅲ. Rear axle
1. Function of rear axle
It is used to increase the torque from gearbox (reduce the rpm); transfer this torque to the drive wheels to
make the tractor move. When steering, the tractor moves forward by different speed through left and right
wheels and the rear axle can realize brake.
2. Composing of rear axle ：（ 1 ） central transmission （ 2 ） differential mechanism （ 3 ） final
transmission
（ 1 ） Function of central transmission ： It is used to change the torque and rpm from gearbox, to
increase the torque and reduce the rpm and also change the longitudinal transmission of gearbox into
horizontal direction. Central transmission mechanism is composed of one crown gear.
Crown gear
Return spring of
differential lock
Differential
lock fork Differential
assembly
（ 2 ） Function and composing of

differential
Function of differential ：
It can divide the torque of central
transmission big gear to the two driving
wheels to keep different running speed in
order to steer easily.
Composing of differential ：
It is composed of differential housing,
four planet gears and two half shaft
gears.
Planet gear
shaft Half shaft
gear
crown gear
Adjusting
washer of
planet gear
Planet Differential
gear housing
The form of differential lock is shift collar, it is composed of differential lock fork, fork
shaft, and return spring etc.
Function of differential lock ：

When the tractor across
miriness road, the differential
lock pedal can be tread down.
Differential lock connected the
left & right half shaft gear, both
of them rotate at the same
speed, so the driving wheel
can go out of the skid road.
（ 3 ） Final transmission mechanism
Final transmission use planet

speed reducing mechanism,
the power input by the input
shaft, output by planet
carrier. It has good speed
reducing ratio and high
reliability.
Structure ： input shaft （ 7

4 ） outer gear
ring （ 75 ） planet gear （ 7
6 ） planet
carrier （ 72 ） output
shaft （ 70 ） etc.
Ⅳ. Front drive axle

1. Structure of front axle
Front shaft assembly of 2WD is composed of outer sleeve, inner sleeve,
steering burl and hub etc.
Outer sleeve
unit Steering
burl
weldment
Inner sleeve
hub
unit
weldment
2. Structure of front driving axle

4WD front axle is composed of transfer case, transmission shaft, central
transmission and side transmission etc.
Central
transfer shaft
of front shaft
Driving
tapered
gear Transfer
case
assembly
Driven Final planet Middle gear Output shaft

Left universal
tapered speed reduction of transfer of transfer
transmission
gear
mechanism case case
shaft
assembly
3.Transmission route of front axle ：
Driving gear Central

of front axle gear Middle
gear of
transfer
case
Output shaft Middle gear
of transfer of front axle
case
Middle Driving
transmission tapered
shaft of front gear
axle
Driven
Differential tapered
gear
Left & right Final planet

universal speed reduction
transmission mechanism
shaft assembly
Front driving tires
4. Adjust toe-in of front wheel ：

In order to reduce the worn of front tyre and insure controlling flexibility of steering,
the customer must check and adjust the toe-in of front wheel in time. Adjusting
method is following:
1. Tractor is parking on the
horizontal ground and set
front wheel on the position of
straight running.
2. Based on the same
A
horizontal height through
center of front wheel, measure
the distance of front end and
rear end between two front
wheels.
3.Loosen locking nuts on
the both ends of tie rod and
turn tie rod to make front
distance (A) is 4mm-12mm B
(two driving wheels model) or
0mm-3mm (four driving wheel
model) shorter than rear
distance (B). Locking nut of toe-in rod
4. Tighten the nuts on both ends of rod.
V Brake system
1. TD series brake system include parking brake and traveling brake.
2. traveling brake system including brake pump, brake pipe, brake oil tank, brake piston, friction plate and brake
pedal etc.
3. Working principle of traveling brake: When treading down the pedal, pressure oil in brake pump piston flow into
brake chamber to push brake piston. Brake piston push friction plate to make the working surface on
differential bearing seat and brake piston locked. Then the left & right semi-shaft cannot turn to realize braking.
Inner seal ring

of brake body
Brake friction
plate
Brake piston
Brake body
4. Parking brake structure

Section 3 Hydraulic transmission system
TD series tractor mainly include hydraulic lifting mechanism (optional half-split

lifter and separated high pressure lifter), hydraulic output equipment (optional
single-way output and dual-way output) and hydraulic steering.
Half-split lifter Separated hydraulic high pressure lifter

1. Common lifter
1.1 Structure of lifter
Hydraulic Lifting
Lifter oil filler cap Outer lifter arm dipstrick cylinder
Hydraulic output Lifting Inner lift Cylinder
Lifter body
joint Force shaft arm cap
adjust
spring
Distributor
Oil return
filter Force limited rod assembly Downward speed
control handle
1.Gearpump
Working principle of lifter
2.Safety valve
3.Oil return pump
4.Main control
valve
5.Oil inlet valve
6.Drop down valve
7.Downward speed
valve
8.Hydraulic output
port
9.Cylinder safety
valve
10.Lifter cylinder
A .Neutral position
B .Lifting position
C . Falling position
TD tractor hydraulic schematic diagram
1.2 Characteristic of lifter ：

Common lifter of TD series tractor can realize position adjust, force and position
adjust and floating control.
Hydraulic oil pump ： CB-F316 gear pump
Distributor model: Sliding valve controlling
Hydraulic cylinder model ： horizontal type

single-stage cylinder
Sensing model: sensed by upper pull rod
Open pressure of safety valve ： 17.5±0.5MPa

（ Mpa ）
Model of suspension mechanism ： rear located, three

point joint, II-type suspension point
1.3 working principle of lifter ：

Hydraulic
Hydraulic oil oil Hydraulic filter
pump
High pressure
Cylinder distribut oil Gear
cover or pump
Lifting shaft Lifting and
Oil Inner lift arm
cylinde falling of outer
r lift arm
Oil cylinder Distributor back to Feedback

stop neutral position mechanism move
1.4 Structure of distributor ：

main control safety single-way oil return downward Drop speed oil cylinder
valve valve valve valve control valve safety valve
valve
1.5 Working principle of distributor ：
1.5.1 lifting position ：
Hydraulic
Put handle on Main control Oil return
oil
the lifting valve moves valve （ cl
inside Pressur osed ）
position
e oil
Oil inlet
Oil outlet Oil inlet of

Single-
of way valve distributo
distributo r
r
Oil inlet Downward Oil flow into
of speed control cylinder
cylinder valve
Oil return cover
valve open Feedback rod push main Lifting arm lifts
valve outside to neutral
position
Pressure oil flows Single-way Stop lifting
to housing
1.5.1 Falling position ：
Put handle on Main control valve moves

the falling outside
position
Pressure oil Oil return

valve open Oil outlet
Oil tank Drop down Oil leakage

Oil leakage valve open hole
hole
Single-way valve
closed
Oil return in Downward Oil outlet of

cylinder speed distributor
control valve
Feedback main valve moves

Outer lifting arm outside to neutral
falls mechanism
moves position
Cylinder stops Drop down valve

falling closed
2. Forced lifer
（ 1 ） Distributor of forced hydraulic lifter

Inner structure of forced hydraulic lifter distributor

1 Upper cover 2 upper cover washer 3 steel ball 5.5000G100b 4 distributor

assembly 5 plug M20X1.5-6g 6 seal ringφ17X φ 2.5 7 slide valve
assembly 8 lower cover washer 9 lower cover 10 washer 8 11 double end
bolt 12 hexagon bolt M10X40 13 spring washer 10 14 oil return valve cover
15 spring seat of oil return valve cover 16 fixing ring of oil return valve sleeve
17 oil return valve cover washer 18 seal ring φ.5X φ 3 19 oil return valve
sleeve 20 oil return valve 21 oil return valve spring 22 plug M24X1.5-6g 23
seal ring φ 21X φ 324 double end bolt 25 spring washer 8 26 hexagon nut
M8 27 bolt M8X20 28 hexagon bolt M8X55 29 split pin 3.2X50 30 dust-
proof piece of handle lever 31 handle lever 32 semicircle key 3X16 33 nut
M12X1.25 34 handle lever shaft 35 seal washer of safety valve bracket 36
safety valve bracket 37 steel ball 5.0000G100b 38 safety valve spring bracket
39 safety valve spring 40 adjusting screw of safety valve spring 41 0-seal ring
42 nut 43 lead seal 44 locking nut of safety valve 45 low-carbon steel
wireⅠ-1.2
Notes for assembly and disassembly ：

（ 1 ） Avoid damage or scratch for the disassembled parts. Remove burrs and clean by
diesel oil or kerosene before installation.
（ 2 ） Boost valve pin should be abandoned after disassembly.
（ 3 ） Safety valve seat should be installed after its seal washer. Tighten the valve seat
to keep sealing.
(4) There is no block when the boost valve installed into slide valve hole.
（ 5 ） Oil return valve can move freely and has no block after installation.
（ 6 ） “ O” mark on the slide valve step should face to the direction of oil return valve.
(7) Try to don’t dismantle the parts with lead seal (like safety valve and slide valve
assembly).
Operation notes and troubleshooting

（ 1 ） Usually check the hydraulic oil and replace it regularly to keep oil clean.
（ 2 ） In the case of not check the pressure of experiment equipment, please
don’t remove lead seal to adjust pressure of safety valve and slide valve. In
case of influence normal operation or overload because of wrong adjusting
data.
（ 3 ） Carefully analysis the faults and remove them in time.
（ 2) Forced cylinder
Oil cylinder including front cover,

cylinder, rear cover, piston, piston rod,
connecting equipment, seal equipment
and piston stroke adjusting mechanism.
Front & rear cover of oil cylinder are
connected by four double-end bolt with
cylinder body.
The seal ring used for avoid oil leakage
of oil cylinder while dust-proof ring used
for avoid dust come into cylinder.
Retainer ring is fixed on both side of
piston seal ring to protect seal ring
under high pressure.
3. Gear pump and steering constant flow pump
3.1 The gear pump is composed of

front cover, middle body, gear,
shaft sleeve, seal parts and rear
cover etc.
High pressure pipe
1. Drive gear 2 oil seal. 3. front cover 4. seal ring 5. Shaft

sleeve assembly 6. middle body 7. driven gear 8. rear
cover 9. seal part 12. washer 13. screw
Oil suction
pipe
3.2 structure of constant flow pump

Constant flow pump is composed of gear pump without rear cover and constant
flow valve. This part, as power component of steering system, is combined pump
with valve. It can provide constant flow to steering system.
3.3 Principle of gear pump:
As the driving gear rotates in arrow direction

driven by the shaft, pressing the oil between the
gear and housing. The oil is transmitted to the
output. The high RPM of engine, the high of
pump flow. The pressure load system will reduce
the clearance between the gear and shaft
sleeve automatically. Some pressurized oil is
guided to the back of shaft sleeve, pressing the
shaft sleeve against the gear, and presses the
seal tightly to remove leakage.
4. Hydraulic steering
4. Hydraulic steering
5.1 composing ： steering wheel, steering column, constant flow pump,
redirector, steering cylinder, oil tank and pipe, etc.
5.2 Function of steering system ： It is used to change and control tractor’s

direction. This is an important for safety of driver and implements, so it must be
reliable.
5.3 Principle of hydraulic steering

system ：
Hydraulic oil Gear

tank pump
Steering Redirector
cylinder
Section 4 Electrical Appliance System
TD series tractors adopt 12V, mongline and cathode ground-wire circuit. It is

composed of electric source, starting equipment and light and signal mechanism etc.
Engine power starting equipment

is composing of starting motor,
charging generator, battery and
ignition switch.
Light and signal equipment including

combined switch, front combined
lamp, rear lamp, rear tail lamp
assembly (steering, position, brake),
combined instrument, horn, fuse
box, cab top lamp, armrest light
(steering, position) etc.
1. Engine adjustment and repair:
1.1 Check and adjustment of

transmission belt:
(1) Check for damages to all belts and
replace defective ones
(2) After mounting of new belt, keep the
engine running idle for 15 minutes and
check the tension of belt.
(3) When engine works, belts should keep
curtain tension. The belt can be put down
10-15mm.
(4) Adjustment of belt tension.
Loose locking bolt of generator, move
engine to outside until fan belt reaches
suitable tension, then tighten generator
locking bolts.
1.2 Installation and

adjustment of generator
(1) Don’t disconnect the terminal
wire while the generator is
running.
(2) Don’t confuse the positive pole
with negative pole. Make sure
to connect right wire.
(3) Clean inside of the generator
using compressed air after long
time usage.
1.3 Replacement of fuel and diesel filter

(1) Clean the outer surface of fuel and diesel filter assembly thoroughly.
(2) Loosen the drain port at bottom of fuel and diesel filter to discharge the
water and oil into the tray.
(3) Dismantle the filter tank with a wrench or similar tool.
(4) Reinstall a new one.
1.4 Adjustment of valve clearance

Take Perkins engine as example ：（ adjustment method of front intake and rear exhaust ）
1. Know working order and valve order. Working order is 1-3-4-2 while valve order is I (intake), E (exhaust), E, I, I,
E, I, E.
2. Find compressed TDC of first cylinder, now please adjust intake & exhaust valve of first cylinder, intake valve of
second cylinder and exhaust valve of third valve. (1,2,4,6)
3. Rotate the crankshaft for 180°until find the compressed TDC of fourth cylinder, now please adjust intake valve
of third cylinder, intake & exhaust valve of fourth cylinder and exhaust valve of second cylinder. (3,5,7,8)
4. The proper clearance of intake valve is 0.20mm(0.0018 in), and that of exhaust valve is 0.45mm (0.018 in).
2. Clutch adjustment and repair

1. Adjusting method of clutch pedal free stroke
To ensure that clutch works normally, the clearance
between working face of release finger 1 of traction
clutch and end face of release bearing must be kept
(2.5±0.5)mm. Accordingly, free stroke of main and
PTO clutch pedal are 25mm-30mm and 20mm- Release
25mm. During the course of using, because friction bearing
disk of clutch is worn continuously, above clearance
is reduced gradually, even disappearing, so regular
checking and adjusting are required as following.
release finger of
traction clutch
release finger of
PTO clutch
1 ． 1 Adjust outside
(1) Adjustment of traction clutch ：（ at left side of gearbox ） loose nut and turn pull rod of clutch,
make the free stroke of traction clutch pedal at 25mm-30mm, then tighten nut and adjust the pedal
locating screw to working state. Adjust locating screw of release rotate arm to make its working stroke
at 113mm.
(2) Adjust PTO clutch: (on the Adjusting pull rod

right of gearbox) Adjust length of traction clutch
of pull rod 14 of PTO clutch to
make joystick 1 free stroke of
PTO clutch be 30mm~40mm,
working stroke of PTO clutch
to be within 190mm~220mm.
Then lock nut of pull rod.
Adjusting pull
rod of PTO
clutch 1 Rotate arm of
PTO clutch
Adjusting pull
rod of PTO
clutch 2
1.2 Adjust inside

As usual, because clutch has been finished adjustment before leave the factory, users need not adjust
clutch by themselves. Open sight window board on the bottom of gearbox to adjust clutch.
Adjusting method is as following:
(1) Adjust traction clutch : Screw out limit screw to make the clearance between the end of release finger
on the traction clutch and release bearing be 2mm ~2.5mm. Then tighten nut. When adjusting by this
method, ensure the ends of release finger on the three traction clutches are in the same vertical plane.
Check it by caliber gauge and require the error to be less than or equal to 0.2mm.
(2) Adjust PTO clutch: Slacken small hexagon self-locking nut to make the clearance between the end A
of disengaging lever 8 of PTO clutch and the end face of separator disk 12 of PTO clutch be 2mm
~2.5mm.
Then clamp bullet-head of small hexagon self-locking nut 4, i.e. nut is locked. When adjusting, ensure the
ends of disengaging lever on the three traction clutches are in the same vertical plane. Check it by caliber
gauge and require the error to be less than or equal to 0.2mm.
release finger
of traction
release finger of
clutch
PTO clutch
Adjusting screw
of traction clutch
2. Adjusting running brake

The distance between center of
running brake pedal and floor is about
175mm. When tractor leaves the factory,
the clearance between screw and valve
body is 3mm ~4mm. Free stroke of
relevant brake pedal is 20mm ~26mm
and working stroke is 110~120mm. At
this time, brake pin of trailer is more
advancing slightly than tractor brake.
During using tractor, ensure that brake
pin of trailer is more advancing slightly
20 ～ 30mm
than tractor brake. If necessary, above
requirement can be achieved by
5mm
adjusting compression screw of trailer 170mm
brake valve.
3. Adjust parking brake
Adjusting parking brake is showed in

figure. Free stroke of parking brake
quadrant is optimally three ratchets. After
using tractor for a period of time, because
friction disc is worn, if free stroke of sector
plate with tooth has more than three
ratchets, adjust as following method:
loosen nut and turn regulating sleeve to
make assembly shorten till free stroke of
sector plate with tooth is three ratchets.
3. Adjustment of rear axle
1. Adjusting bearing of taper pinion shaft is showed in figure. Two taper roller
bearings 5 and 9 on the taper pinion shaft 1 are preloaded. During using, because
bearing is worn, taper pinion shaft produces axial free play. When adjust again,
firstly, reduce the number of adjusting shims 7 (reduced shims should be kept well
as spare parts). After tighten round nut 4, turn pinion alone to produce
1.5N·m~2.5N·m preload drag torque. Then measure the dimension A and choose
different thickness δ of shim 6 to ensure dimension A- δ=156 0-0.03mm.
Taper pinion assembly
1-Taper pinion shaft; 2-Bearing seat ； 3-Thrust washer ； 4-Round nut ； 5-Taper roller
bearing ； 6-Adjusting shim ； 7-Adjusting shim ； 8-Spacer ； 9-Drive gear of front
drive axle 10-Taper roller bearing
2 . Adjust bearing of differential
Adjusting bearing of differential gear is showed in figure. Left and right bearing
8 and 16 of differential gear are preloaded. During the course of using, because
bearing is worn, taper wheel 2 produced axial free play and preload is reduced.
Therefore, check regularly. When adjust, place differential gear assembly on
the platform and apply 80N axial force. Measure the distance y2 between back
of taper wheel and end face of bearing 16 and the distance y1 between end
face of left and right bearing. Then choose the thicknessδ1=61.6-
y2 （ mm ） andδ2=213.3- （ y1+δ1 ）（ mm ） of adjusting shim 17.
Differential gear assembly
1-Differential gear housing ； 2-

Taper wheel ； 3-Planet gear shaft ；
4-Planet gear shim ； 5-Planet gear ；
6-Half shaft gear ； 7-Half shaft gear
shim ； 8-Bearing ； 9-Differential
gear cover ； 10-Bolt ； 11-Locking
plate ； 12-Locking plate ； 13-
Check screw ； 14-Nut ； 15-Screw ；
16-Bearing ； 17-Adjusting shim
3. Engaged adjustment of central

driving bevel gear
Engaged adjustment of central

driving bevel gear
1. Bolt 2. Adjusting shim 3.Front

bearing seat 4.Taper pinion shaft 5.
Adjusting shim 6.Taper wheel 7.
Differential gear bearing seat
1. Check backlash
Insert lead sheet between non-working flank of taper pinion and taper wheel
and turn gear to squeeze lead sheet. Then take out lead sheet and measure
thickness near the big end of gear (i.e. backlash) that should be
0.15mm~0.3mm. By the same method, measure evenly three points on the
whole circle of gear. The difference of backlash should be less than or equal to
0.1mm. If engaging clearance cannot meet the requirement, increase and
decrease adjusting shim 5 of bearing seat 7 of differential gear and adjusting
shim 9 of bearing seat 8 of differential gear to meet the requirement. When the
clearance is big, draw out of shim that is on the right side to add on the left
side. Whereas, draw out of shim that is on the left side to add on the right side.
2 Check engaged mark Engaged adjustment of central driving bevel gear
1. Bolt 2. Adjusting shim 3.Front bearing seat 4.Taper pinion shaft 5.
Adjusting shim 6.Taper wheel 7. Differential gear bearing seat
Coat a layer of thin and even catsup on the tooth surface of taper
wheel. At this time, concave of taper pinion shaft 4 is subject to force.
Coat catsup on the convex of taper wheel 6 and turn gear to obtain
engaged mark on the taper pinion. Right engaged mark should be
near tooth depth middle pitch cone and higher slightly than small end.
The distance between right engaged mark and end edge should be
more than or equal to 3mm ~4mm and the length should be more
than or equal to 60% of tooth length and the height should be more
than 50% of tooth height. When adjust, change the thickness of
adjusting shim 2 to make taper pinion move in axial direction and Adjusting washer
change the thickness of adjusting shim 5 to make taper wheel move
in radial direction to achieve above requirement. Not to damage
preload of differential gear bearing, the shim thickness decreased on
the one side bearing seat is equal to the shim thickness increased on
the other side bearing seat in order to make total thickness of
adjusting shim of left and right bearing seat keep unchanged. During
the course of adjusting, when there is contradiction between
engaging clearance and engaged mark (i.e. engaged mark is proper
and clearance is not proper or in reverse), engaged mark should be
as reference. But engaging clearance should be more than or equal
to 0.15mm. When remove, check and adjust, pay attention to position
and number of adjusting shim on all parts. After increasing and
decreasing properly, shim removed will be kept properly for future
use.
4. Adjust final drive

•Adjusting final drive is showed in figure. The clearance between planet carrier 4 and bearing 6 is
G=0.075mm ~0.125mm. During assembling, tractor has been adjusted. So no adjustment is needed
during using. However, it need adjust when overhaul or replace planet gear mechanism. Adjust
final drive
•When adjust, firstly, measure the distance A between the end face of planet carrier pressure plate 3
and bearing 6. Then measure the depth B of spout hole on the planet carrier 4. So the thickness of
adjusting shim 5 isδ=A- （ B+0.075~0.125 ）（ mm ） . Place shim with the thickness δ on the
position showed in figure. Then tighten fastening bolt 1 of planet carrier and lock by thrust washer 2.
Planet speed
reduction
assembly
1.Bolt 2.Thrust washer 3.Pressure

Half shaft plate 4.Planet carrier 5. Shim
sleeve 6.Bearing
5. Adjust bearing of front wheel hub

The normal clearance of front hub bearing of FOTON EUROPAHD two driving wheel
model tractor is 0.05mm ~0.15mm. During using, because bearing is worn, the clearance
will increase gradually. When the clearance is more than 0.4mm, adjust bearing. During
adjusting, lift front wheel by hoisting jack to make front wheel leave the ground. Remove
screw 2, bearing cover 3 and cotter pin 4 in turn. Screw in adjusting nut 5 till the bearing
clearance is eliminated. Then withdraw 1/30~1/10 circle. At this time, front wheel can be
turned flexibly and cotter pin 4 is pulled on and bearing cover 3 is fitted.
1-Oil cup ；
2-Screw ；
3-Bearing cover ；
4-Cotter pin ；
5-Adjusting nut ；
6-Bearing
Dust-proof
cover of bearing
6. Adjustment of Lifter
Lifter of the tractors has been rightly adjusted before ex-factory, which needs no adjustment. But
because of the abrasion of slave transmission lever and looseness of the fastening parts, the original
condition of lifter is disturbed, making it work out of order. When assembling the lifter after repairing,
adjustment of the lifter is necessary. The adjusting method is following:
Right
pressure
plate
Outer lift
arm
Middle arm Hand wheel of

falling speed
control valve
Adjusting
sleeve
Distributor
assembly
1) Turn the control handle of the distributor to its lowest descending position, and keep it
fixed.
2) Start the engine and move the control handle slowly to the lifting position. The external
lifting arm also moves continuously toward the lifting direction at this moment.
3) If the control handle moves to the highest lifting position, but the external lifting arm does
not reach the highest position, adjust the regulating turnbuckle , increase the distance
between feedback arm and middle arm of the distributor and turn the external lifting arm
upward until it forms an included angle of 60° with the horizontal line; lock the nut , and at
this moment scribed line of the external lifting arm aligns with that of the shell body of the
lifter. Ascend and descend it repeatedly for three times; if the lifter works normally, it
indicates the adjustment is over.
4) If the control handle does not move to the highest position, but the external lifting arm has
reached the highest position, adjust the regulating turnbuckle , and decrease the distance
between feedback arm and middle arm of the distributor. When the control handle moves
to the highest position, the external lifting arm also reaches the highest position, screw up
the lock nut . Ascend and descend it repeatedly for three times; if the lifter works
normally, it indicates the adjustment is over.
7. Adjustment of forced lifter Adjustment of height limiting device:
Controlling 1) Adjust the height through adjustment of

Feedback rod of Feedback mechanism
height limitation rod limiting push pedal at right end of lifting shaft.
Loosen adjusting nut 5 and 6 counterclockwise
and adjust the limiting push pedal, then the
lifting height is larger; vice versa;
2) During the operation of matching driving

implements, adjustment of head land turning
lifting height: after lifting, the height of
implement above the ground shall be within
(150-250) mm and the angle of limiting push
pedal shall be adjusted according to this
height;
3) Adjustment during long distance operation

transfer or road transfer: adjust the limiting
Limitation bolt Distributor push pedal position to ensure the lowest

push rod position of implement is 250mm above the
ground at least;
Ⅰ. Clutch
Reason Remedies
Trouble feature
（ 1 ） Friction discs and pressure plate are （ 1 ） Clean by gasoline.

fouled with oil. Then diagnose and repair
1. Clutch slipping （ 2 ） Friction discs are worn excessively or faults.
burned out. （ 2 ） Replace friction discs.
（ 3 ） Disk spring is of reduced pressure. （ 3 ） Replace Disk spring.
（ 4 ） Pedal’s free travel is too short. （ 4 ） Readjust pedal’s free
（ 5 ） Clutch disk deforms seriously. . travel as required.
（ 5 ） Replace clutch disk.
Clutch Adjusting rod of Clutch friction Disc

pedal clutch free distance plate spring
Trouble feature Reason Remedies

2. Clutch releases （ 1 ） Pedal free travel is too long and （ 1 ） Adjust pedal free travel
incompletely and the gear pedal working travel is too short. up to 25~30mm.
lifting produces noise. （ 2 ） Clutch disk warps excessively. （ 2 ） Replace clutch disk.
（ 3 ） Three heads of clutch （ 3 ） Adjust as required.
disengaging levers are not in the same
plane.
Clutch pedal
Release Adjust rod of pedal
finger free distance
Ⅱ. Gearbox
Trouble Reason Remedies
feature
1. Difficult in gear （ 1 ） Clutch releases incompletely. （ 1 ） Remove faults as
is difficult or out of （ 2 ） Interlock rod is too long. troubleshooting of clutch.
gear. （ 3 ） Deflector head of gear lever is worn （ 2 ） Shorten the interlock rod.
seriously. （ 3 ） Replace gear lever.
（ 4 ） Replace or repair.
（ 4 ） Worn of damaged gears
gear seat and shift

gear lever end Clutch collar
assembly

feature
2. Automatic （ 1 ） Interlock rod is too short （ 1 ） Lengthen the interlock rod
disengagement （ 2 ） Locating slot of shift fork shaft is worn （ 2 ） Replace shift fork shaft.
excessively. （ 3 ） Adjust or replace interlock pin
（ 3 ） Insufficient pressure of interlock pin spring spring
（ 4 ） Bearing of gear shaft is worn and shaft （ 4 ） Replace bearing.
becomes oblique. （ 5 ） Replace the holder.
（ 5 ） Worn spline.
Interlock pin spring Fork shaft

and steel ball
Gear seat

3. Incorrect gear （ 1 ） Deflector head of gear lever is （ 1 ） Repair or replace gear
worn. lever.
shifting （ 2 ） Guide is greatly worn. （ 2 ） Replace guide
（ 3 ） Shift fork is worn. （ 3 ） Replace shift fork.
（ 4 ） Interlock pin and locating slot of （ 4 ） Replace pin and shift
shift fork shaft are worn. fork shaft.
shift fork Interlock steel ball,

shift collar spring and pin shift lever
end

4. Oil leakage of checking （ 1 ） Rear oil seal of engine （ 1 ） Replace oil seal.
window at the bottom of crankshaft is faulty. （ 2 ） Replace oil seal.
gearbox （ 2 ） Oil seal of gear box input shaft
is faulty. （ 3 ） Reinstallation.
（ 3 ） Bearing seat of gear box input
shaft leak.
Checking Remove flywheel Bearing seat of

and replace rear oil Bearing cover
window cover gearbox input of middle shaft
seal of crankshaft shaft

feature
5. Noise or （ 1 ） Gear is worn excessively. And tooth （ 1 ） Replace gear

knocking in surface flakes off or gear teeth breaks off. （ 2 ） Replace bearing
（ 2 ） Bearing is worn seriously or damaged. （ 3 ） Fill up or replace
gearbox.
（ 3 ） Oil lubricant is not enough or oil quality
does can not comply with regulation. lubricant ..
Ⅲ. Troubleshooting of rear axle and brake
1. Noise at central （ 1 ） Excessive gap at bearing for small （ 1 ） Adjustment

transmission bevel gear （ 2 ） Adjustment
（ 2 ） Bad engagement of gears （ 3 ） Replace bearing or gear
（ 3 ） Damaged bearing or gear （ 4 ） Replace differential shaft
（ 4 ） Worn differential （ 5 ） Replace planet gear or
（ 5 ） Worn planet gear or washer washer
（ 6 ） Worn or damaged differential （ 6 ） Replace differential
bearing bearing
Driving and driven bow gear of rear axle Differential Planet gear washer Differential

2.Overheat at small bevel gear （ 1 ） Excessive tightness （ 1 ） Adjust tightness
bearing and differential bearing （ 2 ） Bad lubrication （ 2 ） Refill lubricant
（ 3 ） Insufficient gap at pinion （ 3 ） Adjust gap at pinion
Differential assembly and

Small taper gear bearing
and bearing

3. Abnormal noise in （ 1 ） Loose fixing of planet gear holder; （ 1 ） Tighten bolts to fix planet gear
final transmission damaged thrust washer holder; replace thrust washer
（ 2 ） Damaged bearing, gear or shaft （ 2 ） Replace bearing, gear or shaft
Bolt and thrust Final transmission

washer assembly

4. Failure of brake （ 1 ） Air in brake system （ 1 ） Bleed air
（ 2 ） Low brake oil; oil leakage （ 2 ） Repair the leak; refill brake oil
（ 3 ） Excessive free travel of brake （ 3 ） Adjust the free travel of pedal
pedal （ 4 ） Replace friction disc
（ 4 ） Greatly worn friction disc （ 5 ） Clean brake pump
（ 5 ） Clogging in brake pump
Brake Valve element

Brake friction Brake oil tank
pedal of brake pump
piece

5. Uneven braking （ 1 ） Unequal free travels of left and （ 1 ） Adjustment
right brake pedal （ 2 ） Replace friction disc
（ 2 ） Damaged friction disc at one side （ 3 ） Repair leak
（ 3 ） Brake oil leakage at one side （ 4 ） Bleed air
（ 4 ） Presence of air in brake system at （ 5 ） Refill air to required pressure
one side
（ 5 ） Unequal air pressure in the two
rear tires.
Brake pedal Brake friction Brake

piece cylinder
Ⅳ. Running system troubleshooting

1. Greatly worn front （ 1 ） Deformed front wheel hub or web （ 1 ） Reshape front wheel hub
tire （ 2 ） Bad position of toe-in or web
（ 3 ） Greatly worn pins at knuckle and （ 2 ） Adjust toe -in
cylinder （ 3 ） Replace pins
（ 4 ） Insufficient pressure in tires （ 4 ） Fill air to required
（ 5 ） Front drive axle is still in use. pressure
（ 6 ） Wrong installation of front tires （ 5 ） Disengage front drive axle
（ 6 ） Reinstall tires
Steering
cylinder
web plate Steering
rim joint

2. Swinging of front （ 1 ） Loose connection of bolts and nuts at （ 1 ） Tighten bolts and
wheel pivot, cylinder and swing arm nuts
（ 2 ） Bad position of toein （ 2 ） Adjust toein
（ 3 ） Excessive gap of bearing or greatly （ 3 ） Adjust or replace
worn bearing bearing
（ 4 ） Greatly worn steering pin （ 4 ） Replace steering pin
（ 5 ） Greatly deformed front wheel hub （ 5 ） Reshape front wheel
hub
Ball pin Steering Rim Web

Steering cylinder
cylinder pin plate

3. High noise (four wheel drive （ 1 ） Bad engagement of （ 1 ） Adjust engagement
tractor) central transmission gears （ 2 ） Adjust or replace bearing
（ 2 ） Excessive gap or damage （ 3 ） Replace differential shaft
at central transmission bearing （ 4 ） Replace planet gear or
（ 3 ） Worn or damaged washer
differential shaft （ 5 ） Adjust final transmission
（ 4 ） Worn planet gear or gear
washer
（ 5 ） Bad engagement of final
transmission gear
4.Heat at transmission and （ 1 ） Greatly deformed （ 1 ） Reshape or replace

casing transmission shaft transmission shaft
（ 2 ） Loose bearing pedestal （ 2 ） Fasten bearing pedestal
Ⅴ.Troubleshooting of hydraulic steering system
（ 1 ） Damaged seal ring or loose bolting （ 1 ） Replace seal ring or

1. Oil leakage at connection tighten bolt
（ 2 ） Damaged seal ring at brake valve, （ 2 ） Clean and replace seal
diaphragm, stator or cover ring
（ 3 ） Damaged seal ring at journal （ 3 ） Replace seal ring
（ 4 ） Loose bolting at steering device （ 4 ） Tighten bolt
2. Laborious steering （ 1 ） Insufficient oil supply to gear oil （ 1 ） Inspect gear oil pump;
pump; oil leakage at gear oil pump; fouled clean stainer
strainer before steering oil tank. （ 2 ） Bleed air from steering
（ 2 ） Air trapped in steering system; system; inspect oil system for
（ 3 ） Low oil in steering oil tank air entry
（ 4 ） Weak spring of safety valve; bad （ 3 ） Refill oil
seal at steel ball （ 4 ） Clean safety valve and
（ 5 ） High viscosity of oil adjust spring of safety valve
（ 6 ） Failure of check valve （ 5 ） Use appropriate oil
（ 7 ） Oil leakage in steering system （ 6 ） Clean, repair or replace
part
（ 7 ） Repair the leak

Failure of steering 3. （ 1 ） Damaged or deformed （ 1 ） Replace pin
pin （ 2 ） Replace interlock shaft
（ 2 ） Damaged or deformed （ 3 ） Reinstallation
interlock shaft （ 4 ） Replace piston or seal
（ 3 ） Wrong installation of ring
rotor and interlock shaft
（ 4 ） Damaged piston or seal
ring of steering cylinder .
4. Steering wheel does not 1. Damaged spring leaf 1. Replace spring leaf
automatically return to neutral 2. Misalignment of steering 2. Repair or replacement
position shaft and sleeve 3. Repair
3. Steering shaft obstruct valve 4. Repair or replacement
core 5. Reinstallation
4. Excessive pressure fall, or
excessive load on steering
device
5. Misalignment of steering
shaft and valve core

5. Failure of manual steering （ 1 ） Large gap between rotor （ 1 ） Replace rotor and stator
and stator （ 2 ） Replace piston seal ring
（ 2 ） Loose seal at cylinder
piston
6. Insensitive steering （ 1 ） Large gap between （ 1 ） Replacement

valve core and valve pocket （ 2 ） Replacement
（ 2 ） Large gas between （ 3 ） Replacement
interlock shaft and pin （ 4 ） Replacement
（ 3 ） Large gap between
interlock shaft and rotor
（ 4 ） Damaged or soft return
spring
Ⅵ. Hydraulic system
Lifter
1. It can lift with light load or non-load but can’t lift or lift slowly with heavy load.
(1) That is because oil pump is over-wearing, too

wide clearance, oil leaking or air coming in. We
should examine and repair oil pump or change
it, or put out the air in the absorbing oil pipe.
(2) Oil in lifter housing is lack, dirty, or oil of lifter
blocked. New we should check oil level, refill oil
in time, change good quality and right standard
fuel, or clean filter and tank.
(3) It is leaking oil at the pipe and tie-in. For
example, rubber seal becomes aging, broken or
nuts become loose etc. We should change
relevant rubber seal or tighten the nuts in time.
(4) Because of over high temperature, too little oil downward
viscidity leads to oil leaking; or the oil filter is speed control
blocked because oil is over thick. distributor Connecting hole
valve
of hydraulic
output
(5) Oil returning valve and distributor do not seal well, so there is insufficient force. Please
discharge oil returning valve, clean the two parts with coal oil and install them. If there is no
problem, it proves that the valve is dirty. If there is no improvement, please grind the two
parts, then install them again.
(6) There is dirty thing in cylinder

cover safety valve body and safety
valve on the cylinder cover. Or the
oil cylinder safety valve and safety
valve seat do not seal very well.
Some hydraulic oil that flows in to
cylinder leaks between cylinder
safety valve wimble side and safety
valve seat sealing hole. Now please
discharge the safety valve, clean it
and install firmly.
2. Farm tools cannot lift.

(1) When above situation becomes serious, farm tools
can’t lift.
(2) Safety valve has no effect because over low
pressure is in safety valve or it is open. Now we
should add a washer in safety valve plug to increase
safety valve pressure.
(3) 5 mm diameter steel ball of descending valve
assembly is locked by dirty thing, the valve or pushpin
is locked and can’t return. Now discharge descending
valve assembly, clean every part and check them.
(4) After safety valve opened, it can’t return. Discharge
safety valve assembly, and check its cleanness. If there is
something dirty, clean them and install them firmly.
(5) Oil returning valve is locked so it can’t move

freely. Discharge oil returning valve assembly, clean
and install it.
(6) Hand wheel that is screwed into oil tank cover

completely cuts off the hydraulic oil, which flows
into cylinder. Now, please screw hand wheel out
of the cover, but don’t screw too long. Stop
screwing until tools get descending speed
position.
3. Farm tools cannot descend.
(1) 1.The hand wheel doesn’t come to the

12mm steel ball, which seals the oil
returning way. Now turn hand wheel
rightwards until the front of adjusting valve
retches steel ball. Thus farm tools get right
descending speed. (Turn hand wheel
toward in side.)
(2) Hand wheel that is screwed in the
cylinder cover completely cuts off the
hydraulic oil, so there is no returning oil.
Now, please screw hang wheel out of the
cover, until tools get right descending speed
position.
(3) Adjusting rod assembly is too long, so we
should loosen M10 left and right nuts, and adjust
the rod in order to shorten it until it gets the proper
lifting height. Then tighten the M10 nuts.
4. Farm tools drop automatically after

lifting or they shake up and down
while lifting. (Engine doesn’t
extinguish but oil pump runs.)
Outer lifting Adjusting
arm sleeve
(1) Gasket on piston is broken. Discharge cylinder
cover then take piston out of cylinder, and clean it. (2) There are dirty things in the check valve and
(Pay attention to the process and don’t make check valve seat, or there is injury on the surface
damaged.) Clean the piston and displace gasket
with the same specification (100×5.3), at the same of check valve ball or on the seal side. So we
time observe the upper block ring. If it is broken,
please change a new one. While changing it,
should discharge the check valve and clean it by
never disorder its position. Install block ring coal oil then take out the check valve seat. We
according to original direction. That is the ring and
the horn mouth are at the same side. observe the check valve and check valve seat,
and change it if there is injury.
(3) There is dirty thing in the safety valve

on the oil cylinder cover, or the safety
valve do not return immediately, so we
should discharge, clean and install it.
Common fault and troubleshooting of gear pump

phenomenon reason method
Many air bubble in oil tank, Air suction because of Replace oil seal.
large noise. damaged oil seal. Tighten connecting bolt of
Connecting bolt of pump oil pump oil inlet.
inlet loose. Check air leakage.
Air leakage in oil inlet pipe. Replace suitable oil.
High density of hydraulic oil.
Oil leakage in connecting Connecting screw loose or Tighten connecting screw
surface of pump body and seal ring between pump body or replace seal ring.
pump cover. and pump cover damage.
Oil leakage at connecting Connecting screw loose or Tighten connecting screw
part of oil outlet. seal ring between joint and oil or replace seal ring.
outlet damage.
Abnormal system pressure Inner leakage of pump due to Replace parts
or performed parts works shaft sleeve abrasion or seal
slowly or no work. part faulty.
Other hydraulic parts faulty.
Repair
Common fault and troubleshooting of constant flow pump

Instability of constant flow Throttle piece loose; Replace throttle and
quantity. Block in valve element. reinstall.
Clean valve element to
make suitable clearance
between valve element and
valve hole.
Failure of constant flow Valve element blocks. Clean valve element and
quality. valve hole until they can
move freely.
Main valve spring broken.
Replace main valve spring.
Damping hole block.
Clean damping hole and oil
filter element.
Oil leakage on plug. Combined seal ring Replace seal ring.
damaged.
Common fault and troubleshooting of forced lifter
Crawling Air in the cylinder or pipe. Start hydraulic system and

Damage on cylinder inner use the biggest distance to
wall or piston surface. move several times in order
Partial abrasion or corrosion to discharge air.
heavily. Machining the cylinder hole
Seal ring damaged or aged. and reinstall piston.
Cooperation clearance is Replace seal ring.
big duet to abrasion of Replace or adjust piston or
cylinder hole and piston. plunger rod if they are worn
heavily.
Oil leakage on both ends oil Both ends washers of oil Replace seal ring.
convey pipe. convey pipe damage. Evenly tighten four nuts.
Four nuts loose.
Oil leakage in piston rod. Seal ring of front cover inner Replace seal ring.
hole damage.
Oil leakage in front & rear Front and rear cover seal Replace seal ring.
cover and cylinder ring damage. Evenly tighten four nuts.
Four nuts loose.
Failure of locating valve. Seal ring of locating valve Replace locating valve.
damage.
Implement lifts slowly or Piston seal ring damage. Replace seal ring.
cannot lift. Piston damage. Replace piston.
Joint of piston rod and Tighten and lock nut on
piston loose. piston rod.
Oil pump or distributor fault (to see detailed information
in hydraulic system. in oil pump and distributor
introduction manual)
Ⅶ. Electric system
Trouble feature Trouble judgment Reasons Remedies
1.Connect electric source line of 1.Battery has no 1.Charge battery according

1. Starter can’t run. solenoid and the line of electric enough battery. to the regulation.
magnet, and watch whether 2.Battery pole is too 2.Clean deposit and
starter motor starts as usual. dirty, and cable looses. tighten connecting parts.
2. If it starts well, cause may be 3.Cable line joint 3.Tighten joint and clean
safety switch, start switch and looses, and wire- rust.
start relay and so on. tapping is rusty. 4.Check electric line to
3. If it don’t start well, open front 4. Lines of start switch make connection well.
lamp or horn to check working and so on break up. 5. Adjust carbon brush
state, and check whether there is 5.Carbon brush and spring pressure, and clean
enough battery, if it is, cause may commutate part commute part.
be starter motor, if battery has no connect badly.
enough battery, cause may be 6.Check and repair starter
battery has no battery or battery 6. Starter motor inside motor.
is damaged, or electric source is open circuit or short
line looses or connects badly.
circuit.

2. Starter has no 1. Check electric source when 1. Battery has no 1. Charge coulometer to
power and engine start starter motor, if it’s over hot, enough coulometer. battery.
can’t start. maybe the joint loose or there is 2. The wire has weak 2.Tighten the line
bad connection. connection. connection.
2. After starting starter motor, 3. Face on commutate 3. Polish commutate part
open front lamps in time, and part is burned or has oil face and clear oil rubbish.
watch the lightness to judge rubbish. 4. Change or adjust.
battery’s coulometer. 4. Carbon brush wear 5. Using 0 type to polish.
3. If battery’s coulometer and the seriously or carbon 6. Change bearing.
line have no problem, maybe the brush has no enough
joint line in starter motor or has pressure to make it and
bad connection, or short circuit, or commutate part bad
bearing abrasion causes the connect.
abrasion between armature and 5. Electric magnet
housing. switch main joint is burn
and that cause bad
connection.
6. Bearing is worn
seriously, and armature
touch housing.

3. Generator can’t 1. When engine is idling, check 1. Connection is wrong, 1. Check line way.
produce power. carbon brush connection line or connection broke, or 2. Check or change
whether electricity has or not, if no connection is poor. generator assembly.
electricity to check electric lock 2. Stator line ring is 3. Change the diode.
switch, and electric pressure turnoff. 4. Clear rubbish or change
adjustor and all kinds of line joint 3. Commutate diode is carbon brush.
connect right or loose. damaged. 5. Repair or change adjust
2. Measure both pole of carbon with 4. Carbon brush has instrument.
Ωgauge and watch if it’s through, if poor connection.
it is not, maybe carbon has a weak 6. Repair or change
5. Adjust instrument is
connection or rotor line ring broke.
damaged. generator assembly.
3. Check commute-diode whether
6. Rotor line ring is
it’s bad or not.
damaged.
4. Check stator line ring whether it’s
short circuit or turnoff.

Trouble Trouble judgment Reasons Remedies

feature
4. Generator 1. Check armature connection 1. Drive V belt looses. 1.Adjust drive V belt
can’t charge whether its fastness, and drive 2. Carbon brush has 2. Adjust carbon brush
enough power. . belt can be match or not. poor connection, and and wash slip ring.
2. Check adjust instrument slip ring has oil 3. Change adjust
whether it’s damaged or not, and rubbish. instrument.
whether carbon and slip ring has 3. Adjusting 4. Add battery electrolyte
good connection or not. instrument is to regulated level, and
3. Check generator stator line damaged. change new battery if
ring whether it is short circuit and 4. Battery electrolyte pole plate is vulcanize
whether diode is damaged or is too little, or over old and it can’t recover
not. or pole plate is volume.
4. Check battery whether it is vulcanized seriously. 5. Change diode or
damaged or not. diode group.
5. Commutate part
diode is damaged.
Trouble Trouble judgment Reasons Remedies

feature
5. Instrument 1.All don’t show 1. Instrument has no 1. Check electronic lock,
Maybe electronic lock switch or power. and main electronic
shows wrongly. main power start relay, or 2. Line way has poor source start relay whether
instrument fuse, or poor pin connection. they are damaged and
connection and so on causes. 3. Sensors are whether fuse is burned or
2. Instrument shows wrongly damaged. not. If they are damaged,
change them.
Maybe sensors are damaged, or 4. Instrument is
line way has poor connection, or damaged. 2. Repair line way.
touching iron, or turnoff, or 3. Change sensors.
instrument is damaged and so on. 4. Change instrument.
Common fault and troubleshooting of diesel engine
1. insufficient of power
System Reasons for troubles phenomenon Trouble shooting methods
Blockage of oil tank air inlet hole that cause Replace fuel tank cap
vacuum inside Oil delivery
isn’t smooth;
Fuel sucking pipe in oil tank has sealing-off or Replace oil sucking pipe
engine rotation
air that causes to air leakage
speed is
Oil delivery pipe is broken, the joint is loose, or uneven,
Replace oil delivery pipe
the rubber is expanded and blocked alternate
between fast
Diesel filter or fuel delivery pump filter screen Clean filter or filter screen,
and slow and
is jammed exchange filter
even flame
Idler wheel of fuel delivery pump is abraded, oil out. Replace oil delivery pump
Fuel
hand pump plunger is worn and leaks oil
supply
system Oil injection pump plunger and barrel assembly Replace plunger and barrel
is worn assembly or oil injection
Insufficient pump
Auto oil outlet of oil injection pump delivery fuel, engine Replace copper gasket or
valve or delivery valve matching parts is worn speed is even delivery valve matching
but slow, parts
black smoke
insufficient oil of oil injection pump or the when load is Adjust the amount of oil or
maximum speed is not enough heavy the maximum speed
Incorrect type of oil injector (each model has Choice a right oil injection
its own type) assembly
Syste Reasons for troubles phenomenon Trouble shooting methods

m
Clean atomizer elements or
Blue smoke at adjust pressure mouth
Bad atomization of oil injector, no injection, S:19.5±0.5MPa ， mouth P ：
low speed or
leakage, low injecting pressure 23±0.5MPa ， replace the
no load
assembly
Early fuel Adjust exactly fuel supply

burning advance angle, angle with
causes heavy advance device is: 14±2°,
Fuel shake and angle without it is: 19±2°
supply blue smoke;
syste Incorrect fuel supply advance angle
late fuel
m burning
causes to
exhaust black
smoke or fire
Rolling of oil injection pump and gear Unable to Replace the key or oil
connecting key check up fuel injection assembly
supply
Advance device is stuck advance Replace the advance
angle device
2. Start difficulty
System Reasons for Phenomenon Trouble shooting
troubles methods
Air Air filter is jammed Black smoke when load is heavy Clean the air filter
distribution
Incorrect clearance of air Maybe it causes unusual noise and air Adjust clearance of air
system valve hole touches the piston clearance
Air valve and valve Air inlet valve exhaust compression Replace air valve or valve
retainer or carbon force is not sufficient that causes start retainer, clean carbon
disposition aren’t closed difficulty disposition
completely that leads to
air leakage
Cylinder score or piston Compression force is Insufficient to Replace piston liner or
limiting wear because support respirator exhaust piston ring
piston surface strains
cylinder liner
Piston seizure Unable to use when opening cylinder Replace cylinder liner and
piston, examine and repair
cooling system
Oil alarm warning, unable to start after Replace bearing bush,

Axle suspension bush flameout replace bent axle when
necessary, examine and
repair lubrication system
Trouble shooting
System Reasons for troubles Phenomenon
methods
No diesel in fuel tank Add diesel
Fuel tank vent hole is blocked and forms Replace fuel tank cap
vacuum Engine can rotate, no
explosion sign
Diesel filter or oil inlet tee filter screen of fuel Clean filter core, filter
delivery pump is jammed screen or replace filter core
Sealing-off or air hole on fuel sucking pipe that After oil pumping, the Replace fuel sucking pipe
leads to air leakage hand pump can work,
Fuel delivery pipe ruptures or joint loosens or but after a while it Replace fuel delivery pipe
leaks, rubber is expanded and jammed comes flame out; when
leaved unused, it can
Fuel supply Idler wheel of fuel delivery pump is abraded, rotate but no sign of Replace fuel delivery pump
oil hand pump plunger is worn and leaks oil
system explosion
The reduction of fuel injection pump oil return Replace oil return tee bolt
tee pressure-limiting valve elastic force
causes wear of steel ball seat
Able to rotate and no Replace plunger or fuel
Fuel injection pump plunger or governor is
stuck explosion, no oil outlet injection pump or repair
of oil injection pump governor
Rolling or failure of installation of fuel injection Able to rotate, smoke is Reinstall woodruff key
pump and gear connecting key thick and oil supply
angle couldn’t be
Advance device is stuck Repair or replace advance
adjusted
device
Trouble shooting
System Reasons for troubles Phenomenon
methods
Air valve and valve retainer or carbon
disposition aren’t closed completely that Compression force is Replace air valve or valve
leads to air leakage Insufficient, air valve retainer, clean carbon
leakage is heavy disposition
Air
distributio Piston seizure (serious cylinder score ) Unable to use when Replace cylinder liner
n system opening cylinder and piston, examine and
repair cooling system
Replace bearing bush,
Oil alarm, sudden
Axle suspension bush (serious bearing replace bent axle when
stop, then unable to
score) (heavy viscosity) necessary, examine and
rotate
repair lubrication system
system reason phenomenon method

Weak light when
Charging or replace
No power or low power in battery. positive and negative
battery.
pole connected.
positive and negative
Battery pile head loose or oxidize (bad Tighten connecting wire
pole loose or has oxide
connection). or remove oxidation film.
powder.
No action when knock
Starter magnetic switch broken (inner the big and small wire
Replace magnetic switch
contact burnt or winding has bad welding pile; when knock two
Start or assembly.
and short circuit. big wire piles, the
system starter rotates.
Too much oil stain between commutator Clean oil stain between
and carbon brush or carbon brush worn commutator and carbon
heavily. Slow or weak rotating of brush.
Magnetizing or armature winding has starter.
part short circuit, so the power lower
down. Replace windings or
assembly.
Short circuit or grounding of magnetizing
No action of starter.
or armature winding.

Starter bush of both ends locked due Replace bush and add
Abnormal noise
to oil shortage. lubrication grease.
High RPM for idle
running, and RPM Replace one-way
One-way device slide.
lower down when device or assembly.
meshing.
Driving rod broken, can’t return or
Can’t mesh with Replace driving rod or
Start shock absorption spring broken and
flywheel ring. spring.
system weak.
Locked when it’s
Meshing distance of small gear and Adjust the distance to
near, can’t mesh
flywheel ring is too bear or far. 2-4mm.
when it’s far.
Worn or broken heavily of flywheel Replace flywheel gear
ring and small gear. Teeth collision, big ring or small gear.
noise when meshing
Wrong meshing angle of flywheel or can’t mesh. Choose right gear and
ring or small gear. ring.
3. Oil burning
method
system reason phenomenon
Bad performance
Adjust oil supply
Wrong oil supply advancing angle. and high
advancing angle
Oil temperature.
supply
system Bad atomization of injector, no oil Bad performance
injection, drop leakage and low pressure and high oil Replace oil injector.
of oil injection. consumption.
Bad performance
Clean or replace filter
Air filter block. and high
element.
temperature.
Distribu
tion First replace filter
Air filter, air intake hose and air intake
system element, air intake
pipe are broken and let dust in to cause Lower air
pipe, then replace
early abrasion of cylinder sleeve and exhaust.
cylinder sleeve, piston
piston.
and piston ring.
4. low pressure of engine oil

Oil below lower Add oil between upper
Less oil or no oil in oil sump
mark of oil ruler and lower mark.
Oil pump can’t
Oil is thick, dirty or has oxidation of produce
Lubric glioma.
pressure oil. Replace engine oil
ation
system Can’t produce
Oil is thin. （ oil brand is wrong. ）
oil film.
Oil pump can’t
Oil filter dropped, broken or air leakage of produce
sand hole.
pressure oil.
Notes of Tractor Repair
1. Notes of Gearbox Repair
(1).Check if all the parts are in good condition.
(2). Every shaft should turn flexible, and no block.
(3). Every shift should assemble in the right position to
ensure flexible gearshift .
(4) Move main and auxiliary shift lever to check if every
gear can shift flexibly and no gear loosing.
(5). Check if the release bearing can back to its
position automatically after moving release bearing.
（ 6 ） The hub surface should be located backwards
when install the clutch friction piece.
This surface towards to

Turning back of flywheel
flexible
2. Notes of Rear Axle Repair

(1). Check if all the parts are in good condition.
(2). The power output shaft should turn flexible, and no abnormal noise.
(3). Pretighten force of small taper bearing 90----150N.
(4). Power output shift lever can move flexibly.
Power output
shaft Rear axle
(5).When tread down the differential lock pedal,

it can be back to its position automatically.
(6).Friction piece of brake can be moved freely
on the semi-shaft after repairing.
(7).Lefe & right brake can be worked flexible.
(8).There are no damage or bubble on the oil
seal and O-seal ring.
(9).Oil seal and O-seal ring should be lubricated
by oil or grease when repair.
differential
lock pedal
3. Notes of Whole Machine Repair

(1).The battery should be fixed firmly, and ground wire should be connected
reliably .
(2).Front toe-in is 4------11mm.(Two driving wheel model)
(3).Clean every oil pipe joint, no foreign matter,
(4).No foreign matter in the connecting surface of oil seal .
(1) (2)
(4)
(5).Add all the oil to reasonable level after repair.

(6).Check if there are oil, water and electric leakage..
(7).Free stroke of clutch pedal is 25---30mm.
(8). Free stroke of brake pedal is 20----26mm.
(9).Engine fan blade should be located in the middle of radiator.
Engine oil dipstick Oil filling port of

lifter
（ 10)Cylinder gasket, oil sump gasket and other seal gaskets of engine are
disposable, please replace new seal gaskets and O-seal ring during repair.
(11) The seal gaskets of lifter are also disposable, please replace new
gaskets.

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Part 3 Technique Introduction of

Chapter Ⅰ Structure and principle

Chapter II Maintenance and adjustment

Chapter III Troubleshooting methods of common problems

Section 1 Power system

Structure and Feature of Lovol Engine

 compact structure, small and light

1. Compact structure, good

2. Environmental and fuel efficient

•Environmental, economic, fuel efficient

P-type oil mouth, adopted multi-

Water temperature is controlled in 83-95℃

•The temperature of coolant below 80℃ is inner

3. Good reliability, long service life

Dry cylinder sleeve ：

Adopted gear driving pump,

Avoid cylinder locking, shaft

4. low temperature startup

Engine can be started easily by

Maintenance-free type, not need to maintenance in time and add lubrication

Section 2 Chassis and Transmission system

16F+8R shuttle type gearbox

3. Working principle of clutch ：

1. Working principle of gearbox

16F+8R creeper type gearbox

Combined gearbox, including main

Main gearshift can realize four shifts.

Power output Middle

（ 2 ） Function and composing of

Function of differential lock ：

（ 3 ） Final transmission mechanism

Final transmission use planet

Structure ： input shaft （ 7

Ⅳ. Front drive axle

2. Structure of front driving axle

Driven Final planet Middle gear Output shaft

3.Transmission route of front axle ：

Driving gear Central

Left & right Final planet

4. Adjust toe-in of front wheel ：

Inner seal ring

4. Parking brake structure

Section 3 Hydraulic transmission system

TD series tractor mainly include hydraulic lifting mechanism (optional half-split

Half-split lifter Separated hydraulic high pressure lifter

1.2 Characteristic of lifter ：

Hydraulic oil pump ： CB-F316 gear pump

Distributor model: Sliding valve controlling

Hydraulic cylinder model ： horizontal type

Open pressure of safety valve ： 17.5±0.5MPa

Model of suspension mechanism ： rear located, three

1.3 working principle of lifter ：

Oil cylinder Distributor back to Feedback

1.4 Structure of distributor ：

1.5 Working principle of distributor ：

1.5.1 lifting position ：

Oil outlet Oil inlet of

1.5.1 Falling position ：

Put handle on Main control valve moves

Pressure oil Oil return

Oil tank Drop down Oil leakage

Oil return in Downward Oil outlet of