KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

Preface

Now we are actually entering in the field of understanding the heat &
thermodynamics. This chapter deals with the principal laws governing the
gases which are termed as gas laws.
Students may judge their level of understanding of each topic by
solving the exercise questions given at the end of each topic. It is basic and
fundamental chapter of thermodynamics.
It is an important chapter for all engineering entrance examinations.
Students are advised to solve the questions of exercises
(Levels # 1, 2, 3, 4) in the same sequence or as directed by the faculty
members, religiously and very carefully.
Level # 3 is not for foundation course students, it will be discussed in
fresher or target courses.

The list of exercises is as following :

Total number of questions in this

chapter are :

(i) Level # 1 ....................... 79

(ii) Level # 2 ....................... 40

(iii) Level # 3 ....................... 13

(iii) Level # 4 ....................... 24

Total no. of questions ................

156

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 LEVEL # 1
(D) None of these

Q.1 The gas molecules are not accumulated at the

bottom of the container because -
Q.6 The molecular weight of O2 and H2 are 32 and 2
(A) These do not have gravitation force between
respectively. Then the ratio of the rms velocities
them of H2 and oxygen is -
(B) Molecules have less mass and high (A) 4 : 1 (B) 2 : 3
velocities and therefore no gravitational (C) 1 : 4 (D) 16 : 1
force Q.7 Two vessels which have same volume are filled
(C) The direction of motion of molecules is with H2 and He respectively and at 1 and 2
atmospheric pressure. If temperature of both
changing on account of collisions. vessels is same then mean velocity of H2
(D) These is cohesive force between the gas molecule is how many times the mean velocity
molecules and the wall of the container of helium -
acting in all direction. (A) Equal (B) Double
Q.2 In kinetic theory of gases, it is assumed that (C) Half (D) times
molecules - Q.8 If velocities of 5 molecules of certain gas are
–7, 5, 4, –3 and 1 m/sec respectively then mean
(A) Have same mass but can have different speed of molecules is (m/sec) -
volume (A) Zero (B) 20
(B) Have same volume but masses can be (C) 4 (D)
different.
(C) Have both mass and volume different Q.9 If the rms speed of the nitrogen molecules of the
(D) Have same mass but negligible volume. gas at room temperature is 500 m/s, then the
rms speed of the hydrogen molecules at the
same temperature will be –
Q.3 The postulates of kinetic theory will be true if (A) 1870 m/s (B) 1935 m/s
the number of molecules be - (C) 7000 m/s (D) 83.7 m/s
(A) Any (B) Very large
Q.10 The rms velocity of molecules of a gas at
(C) Very small (D) Avogadro's number
temperature T is vrms. Then the root mean square
Q.4 When two molecules of a gas come closer then - of the component of velocity in any one
(A) Their direction get changed particular direction will be –
(B) There exists a force of attraction (A) vrms/3 (B) 3 vrms
(C) There exist a force of repulsion
(C) vrms/3 (D) 3vrms
(D) Kinetic energy is not conserved.
Q.11 The root mean square speed of molecules of
Q.5 Which of the following statement is not ideal gases at the same temperature are –
according to the postulates of kinetic theory of
(A) The same
gases.-
(A) Gas molecules are of small size (B) Inversely proportional to the square root of
(B) Gas molecules are always in motion with all the molecular weight.
possible velocities (C) Directly proportional to molecular weight.
(C) There is no force between the molecules
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 (D) Inversely proportional to the molecular (A) H2 (B) N2
weight. (C) O2 (D) SO2
Q.20 The root mean square velocity of the molecules
Q.12 The temperature of an ideal gas is increased
of an ideal gas is –
from 27ºC to 927ºC. The rms speed of its
molecules becomes – (A) (B)
(A) Twice (B) Half (C) (D)
(C) Four times (D) One fourth
Q.21 N2 molecule is 14 times heavier than a H 2
Q.13 At what temperature rms speed of gaseous
hydrogen molecules equal to that of oxygen molecule. At what temperature will the rms
molecules at 47ºC – speed of H2 molecules be equal to that of N 2
(A) 20 K (B) 80 K molecule at 27ºC –
(C) –73 K (D) 3 K (A) 50ºC (B) 2ºC
(C) 21.4ºC (D) 21.4 K
Q.14 At what temperature, pressure remaining
unchanged will the rms. velocity of hydrogen
molecule be twice its value at S.T.P.?
(A) 1000K (B) 1050 K Q.22 Equal masses of H2 , He having molecular weight
(C) 1092 K (D) 2010K of 2 and 4 respectively are filled at same
temperature in two containers of equal volumes. If
Q.15 The speed sound in a gas is v the rms velocity H2 gas has a pressure of 4 atmospheres, then He
of gas molecules is (c), if Cp/Cv =  for the gas gas will have pressure as –
then the ratio of v to c is – (A) 1 atmosphere (B) 4 atmosphere
(A) 3/ (B) / 3 (C) 2 atmosphere (D) 8 atmosphere
(C) (D)
Q.23 The ratio of number of collisions per second at
Q.16 A sample of gas is at 0ºC. The temperature at
the wall of containers by H2 and Ne gas
which its rms speed of the molecules will be
molecules kept at same volume and temperature
doubled is –
is given by -
(A) 103ºC (B) 273ºC
(A) 10 : 1 (B) 1 : 10
(C) 723ºC (D) 819ºC
(C) 1 : (D) :1
Q.17 The mass of an oxygen molecule is about 16
times that of hydrogen molecules. At room Q.24 The mass of a gas molecules is 4 × 10 –30 kg. If
temperature, the rms speed of oxygen molecule such 1023 molecules per second strikes onto 4m2
is V. The rms speed of the hydrogen molecule area with velocity 107 m/sec, then the exerted
at the same temperature will be – pressure will be -
(A) V/6 (B) V/4
(A) 1 dyne/cm2 (B) 1 N/m2
(C) 4V (D) 16V
(C) 2 N/m2 (D) 2 dyne/cm2

Q.18 RMS velocity of which of the following gas at a Q.25 The mass of hydrogen molecules is
–24 23
given temperature is minimum – 3.32 × 10 gm. If 10 H2 molecules strike
(A) O2 (B) N2 2 sq. cm are per second with velocity of
(C) Cl2 (D) He 105 cm/sec at an angle of 45º to the normal to
wall, then the exerted pressure will be -
Q.19 At 0ºC temperature root mean square speed of (A) 2.35 N/m2 (B) 23.5 N/m2
which of the following gases be maximum – (C) 235 N/m2 (D) 2350 N/m2
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Q.26 Molecules of a gas of mass m and velocity Q.31 Pressure exerted by a gas is –
(A) Independent of density of the gas.
after colliding normally with the wall change in
(B) Inversely proportional to the density of the
momentum of the molecule will be -
gas.
(A) mv (B) 2mv
(C) Directly proportional to the density of the
(C) – mv (D) – 2mv
gas.
(D) Directly proportional to the square root of
Q.27 If some gas has pressure P then pressure exerted
the density of the gas.
by molecules along x direction will be –
(A) P (B) P/2
Q.32 The pressure of a gas increases on raising the
(C) P/3 (D) P/6
temperature of a given gas in a container
because –
Q.28 When a gas is forced in a smaller volume
(A) The average velocity of molecules increase
without change in temperature, its pressure
so that per second the number of collisions
increases because its molecules –
on the wall increases.
(A) Strike the unit area of the container walls
(B) The mass of molecules increases
more often.
(C) The molecules get smaller time to remain in
(B) Strike the unit area of the container walls at
contact with the wall
higher speed.
(D) There is a loss of energy in each collisions
(C) Strike the unit area of the container wall
of the molecules
with greater force.
(D) Have more energy. Q.33 Two containers are of equal volume. One
contains O2 while the other has H2. Both are
Q.29 In a cubical box of volume V, there are N kept at same temperature. The ratio of their
molecules of a gas moving randomly. If m is pressure will be ( rms velocity of these gases
mass of each molecule and v 2 is the mean have ratio as 1 : 4) for 1 mole of each gas –
square of x component of the velocity of (A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 4
molecules, then the pressure of the gas is – (C) 1 : 8 (D) 1 : 2

(A) P = (B) P =

Q.34 O2 is 16 times heavier that H2. If at same

(C) P = mNv2 (D) P = mNv2
temperature the O2 molecules have average
Q.30 Gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container kinetic energy E than at the same temperature
because the molecules are – the average kinetic energy of H2 molecules will
(A) Colliding with each other and exchanging be -
momenta. (A) E/4 (B) 4E
(B) Colliding with the walls of the container and (C) E (D) E/16
transferring energy to the walls. Q.35 The average translational kinetic energy of
(C) Colliding with the walls and transferring 10 gram H2 at 27 º C is -
momentum to the walls of the container. (A) 37250 J (B) 18675 J
(D) Accelerated towards the walls. (C) 12450 (D) 3737 J

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Q.36 At 27ºC, the average total energy of O 2 Q.45 Mean kinetic energy of one gram helium at
molecule is approximately - 27º C will be –
(A) 6 × 10–21 J (B) 10 × 10–21 J
(A) 3527 × 10–7 Joule (B) 6 × 10–18 Joule
(C) 6 × 103 J (D) 6 × 10–23 J
(C) 933 × 10–3 Joule (D) 933.7 Joule
Q.37 If the total translational kinetic energy of
Q.46 The pressure of a gas is P N/m2. The mean
H2 molecules is 7.5 × 10 3 J for the filled in a
container of 10 litre capacity, then the pressure kinetic energy of one gram - mole gas at NTP
will be in Nm–2 - (in joule) will be –
(A) 5 × 102 (B) 3 × 102
2
(A) 3.36 × 10–2 P (B) 3/2 P
(C) 2 × 10 (D) 5 × 105 –2
(C) 2.24 × 10 P (D) 3.36 P
Q.38 Degree of freedom of a monoatomic gas due to
its rotational motion will be – Q.47 CO2 (O–C–O) is a triatomic gas. Mean kinetic
(A) 3 (B) 5 energy of one gram gas will be –
(C) 0 (D) 6
(If N - Avogadro number, k - Boltzmann
Q.39 Degree of freedom of hydrogen and ozone gases constant and molecular weight of CO2 = 44) –
will be respectively –
(A) 3/88 N k T (B) 5/88 N k T
(A) 3 and 5 (B) 5 and 6
(C) 6 and 5 (D) 5 and 3 (C) 6/88 N k T (D) 7/88 N k T

Q.40 Mean translational kinetic energy of each Q.48 The kinetic energy of gas molecules at 300 K is
degree of freedom of one molecule of a gas will 75 joule. This energy at 500 K will be –
be –
(A) 125 Joule (B) 208 Joule
(A) RT/2 (B) kT/2
(C) 3RT/2 (D) 3RT/2 (C) 270 Joule (D) 375 Joule
Q.49 In a container the number of hydrogen
Q.41 The value of rotational K.E. at temperature T of
one gram molecule of a diatomic gas will be – molecules is double of the number of oxygen
(A) RT (B) 3RT/2 molecules. Both gases are at a temperature
(C) 5RT (6) RT/2 300 K. The ratio of mean kinetic energy per
Q.42 CO2 is linear triatomic molecule. The average
molecule of these gas molecules will be -
K.E. at temperature T will be –
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1
(A) 3kT/2 (B) 5kT/2
(C) 1 : 4 (D) 1 : 8
(C) 6kT/2 (D) 7kT/2
Q.50 The graph which represent the variation of
Q.43 The kinetic energy of rotation of diatomic gas at mean kinetic energy of molecules with
–23
27º C will be (K = 1.38 × 10 Joule/K) – temperature tº C, is –
–21
(A) 2.07 × 10 Joule/molecule
–21
(B) 4.14 × 10 Joule/molecule
(C) 6.14 × 10 –23
Joule/molecule (A) (B)
–23
(D) 3.07 × 10 Joule/molecule

Q.44 The gases are at the absolute temperature 300ºK

and 350ºK respectively. The ratio of average
kinetic energy of their molecules – (C) (D)
(A) 7 : 6 (B) 6 : 7
(C) 36 : 49 (D) 49 : 36
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Q.51 The average translational kinetic energy of Q.56 A perfect gas at 27ºC is heated at constant
molecule of ideal gas at 47º C will be – pressure so as to double its volume. The

(A) 0.41 × 10–2 eV temperature of the gas will be –

(A) 300ºC (B) 327ºC
(B) 4.1 × 10–2 eV
(C) 600ºC (D) 54ºC
(C) 0.41 × 10–3 eV
Q.57 It is required to double the pressure of helium gas,
(D) 4.1 ×10–4 eV
contained in a steel cylinder, by heating. If the
Q.52 If the number of molecules of hydrogen gas is initial temperature of helium be 27ºC the
double the number of molecules of oxygen gas, temperature up to which it ought to be heated is –
then the ratio of total kinetic energy of hydrogen (A) 54ºC (B) 108ºC
and total kinetic energy of oxygen at 300 K is – (C) 273ºC (D) 327ºC

(A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 Q.58 If pressure of a gas contained in a closed vessel

(C) 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 16 is increased by 0.4%. When heated by 1ºC the

initial temperature must be –
(A) 250 K (B) 250ºC
(C) 2500K (D) 25ºC
Q.53 n molecules of an ideal gas are enclosed in
Q.59 The volumes of two vessels are 5 litre and
cubical box at temperature T and pressure P. If 3 litre respectively. Air is filled in them at
the number of molecules in the box is trippled pressure of 3 atmos and 5 atmos respectively.
then new temperature and pressure become T´ At constant temperature if they are connected
and P´ respectively, but the total energy of gas through a tube, the resultant pressure will be –
system remains unchanged, then – (A) 3.5 atmos (B) 3.75 atmos
(A) P = P´ and T = T´ (C) 4 atmos (D) 4.25 atmos

(B) P = 3P´ and T´ = T Q.60 A vessel of volume 5000 cm3 contains (1/20)
mole of molecular nitrogen at 1800 K. If 30%
(C) P´ = 3P and T´ = T of the molecules are now dissociated the
pressure inside the vessel in Pa will be –
(D) P´ = P and T´ =
(A) 1.49 × 105 (B) 1.94 × 105
5
Q.54 An 8 gram sample of a gas occupies 12.3 liters (C) 2.25 × 10 (D) 3.78 × 105
at a pressure of 40.0 cm Hg. Then the volume Q.61 If a gas obeys Boyle's law, then the shape of
when the pressure is increased to 60.0 cm Hg graph between PV and V will be –
will be at constant temperature –
(A) 18.45 L (B) 12.30 L
(C) 8.20 L (D) None (A) (B)

Q.55 The volume of a gas at 20ºC is 200 ml, if the

temperature is reduced to –20ºC at constant
pressure. Its volume will be – (C) (D)
(A) 172.6 ml (B) 17.26 ml
(C) 192.7 ml (D) 19.27 ml

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Q.62 The correct curve between V/T and 1/V for a (A) 4 : 1 (B) 2 : 1
gas at constant pressure is – (C) 1 : 2 (D) 1 : 1
Q.67 The size of container B is double that of A and
gas in B is at double the temperature and
(A) (B)
pressure than that in A. The ratio of molecules
in the two containers will then be –

(C) (D) (A) (B)

(C) (D)

Q.68 If Avogadro's number is 6 × 10 23, then

Q.63 For ideal gas equation PV = XT, X is
approximate number of molecules in 1 cm 3 of
proportional to –
water will be –
(A) Absolute temperature
(A) 1 × 1023 (B) 6 × 1023
(B) Density of gas
(C) 22.4 × 1023 (D) (1/3) × 1023
(C) Number of molecules of the gas in container
(D) None of these Q.69 8 gm O2, 14gm N2 and 22gm CO2 is mixed in a
container of 10 litre capacity at 27º C. The
Q.64 The Boyle's law is stated by PV = k, k depends
pressure exerted by the mixture in terms of
on –
atmospheric pressure will be –
(A) Nature of gas
(A) 1 (B) 3
(B) Atomic weight of gas
(C) 9 (D) 18
(C) Temperature of gas
(D) Quantity and temperature of gas Q.70 Two gases each having pressure P, volume V
and temperature T are mixed so that mixture has

Q.65 For some ideals gas of given mass the equation volume V and temperature T, then the

PV/T = constant is true – composite pressure will be –

(A) Only when isothermal changes are taking (A) P (B) 2P

place (C) P/2 (D) 4P

(B) Only when adiabatic changes are taking

Q.71 Two containers of equal volumes contain H 2
place
and O2 at same temperature. If the number of
(C) Only when isobaric variations are taking
molecules of these two gases is also equal than
place
the ratio of pressure exerted by these will be –
(D) When no changes are there in the gas
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 4 : 1
parameters.
(C) 8 : 1 (D) 16 : 1
Q.66 A gas has thermodynamical variables P, V and
Q.72 Some container contains on average 5
T and is in container A. Another gas in 3
molecules/cm . If the gas has temperature of 3º
container b has variables 2P, V/4 and 2T. The
K, then its pressure will be (N/m2) –
ratio of molecules in container A to B is –
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 (A) 2 × 10–15 (B) 2 × 10–16
(C) 2 × 10–18 (D) 2 × 10–20
Q.77 If the critical temperature of a gas is 100 K then
its Boyle temperature will be –
(A) 337º K (B) 500º K
Q.73 Real gas behaves like an ideal gas at –
(C) 33.3º K (D) 103º K
(A) High temperature
(B) Low pressure Q.78 The temperature which the gas cannot be
(C) High temperature and low pressure liquified by applying pressure alone, is called-
(D) Low temperature and high pressure (A) Temperature of inversion
(B) Boyle temperature
Q.74 The constant 'a' in the equation (C) Neutral temperature
(D) Critical temperature
(V – nb) = n R T for a real gas has unit of –
(A) N-m–4 (B) N-m–2 Q.79 The critical temperature of a Vander waal's gas
(C) N-m2 (D) N-m4 is –
Q.75 The unit of a × b in Vander waal's equation is –
(A) (B)
(A) N/m2 (B) N–m7
(C) N-m4 (D) N/m3
(C) (D)
Q.76 The value of is –

(A) 8/3 (B) 3/8

(C) 2/7 (D) 1/2

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 LEVEL # 2
Q.1 In the following table the number of molecules
(C) (D) PA VA = PB VB
Ni moving with definite velocity v i m/s are
given – Q.6 A container of volume 30 litre is filled with an
vi 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ideal gas at one atmos pressure and 0º C
Ni 2 4 6 8 2 temperature. Keeping the temperature constant
some mass of gas is allowed to escape from the
The mean speed of particle is – container. Due to this the pressure of the gas
(A) 3.2 m/s (B) 4.4 m/s decreases to 0.78 atmos from the previous one.
(C) 5.2 m/s (D) 6.1 m/s If the density of the gas at N.T.P. is
1.3 gm/litre, the mass of the gas remaining is -
Q.2 In the above question, the root mean square
(A) 30.4 gm (B) 25.5 gm
speed of particle is –
(C) 18.3 gm (D) 12.7 gm
(A) 2.8 m/s (B) 3.4 m/s
Q.7 A container is filled with 7 gram nitrogen and
(C) 4.2 m/s (D) 5.4 m/s
11 gram CO2 at 290 K. If the pressure of the
Q.3 At a certain temperature a vessel of volume mixture is 1 atmos, then the density of mixture
–3 3 +22
1 × 10 m has 3.0 × 10 molecules of oxygen is -
gas. The mass of a oxygen molecules is (A) 1.25 kg/m3 (B) 1.35 kg/m3
5.3 × 10–26 kg and at the same temperature root (C) 1.55 kg/m3 (D) 1.75 kg/m3
mean square velocity of molecules is 400 m/s.
The pressure of oxygen gas in the vessel is – Q.8 If at constant volume the amount of heat

(A) 4.24 × 104 N/m2 (B) 2.12 × 104 N/m2 required to raise the temperature of one gm
mole of monoatomic ideal gas from 300 K to
(C) 8.48 × 103 N/m2 (D) 8.48 × 104 N/m2
400 K is Q, and the amount of heat required to
Q.4 A container is filled with one gram mole oxygen at raise the temperature of one gm-mole of
a pressure of one atom and temperature diatomic ideal gas from 320 K to 380 K is Q´.
27º C. It is assumed that molecules of the gas are Then the ratio of Q/Q´ is -
moving with velocity vrms, then vrms will be – (A) 0.5 (B) 1
5 2 –23
(1 Atmos = 10 N/m and k = 1.38 × 10 J/k) (C) 2 (D) 3
2 2
(A) 4.8 × 10 m/s (B) 48 × 10 m/s
Q.9 Two glass bulbs of equal volume are connected
(C) 4.8 × 102 cm/s (D) 48 × 102 cm/s
by a narrow tube and are filled with a gas at 0ºC
Q.5 One gram mole gas in container A is in thermal and a pressure of 76 cm of mercury. One of the
equilibrium with one gram mole of another gas bulbs is then placed in melting ice and the other
in container B. For these gases – is placed in water bath maintained at 62ºC.

(A) PA = PB (B) VA = VB What is the new value of the pressure inside the

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 bulbs ? The volume of the connecting tube is Q.15 In outer space there are 10 molecules/cm3 on an
negligible- average and temperature there is 3K. The
average pressure of this light gas is -
(A) 8.375 cm of Hg (B) 83.75 cm of Hg
(A) 0.4 × 10–16 N/m2 (B) 4.14 × 10–16 N/m2
(C) 0.8375 cm of Hg (D) None of these
(C) 5 × 10–14 N/m2 (D) 105 N/m2
Q.10 Pressure versus temperature graph of an ideal
Q.16 At what temperature the linear kinetic energy of
gas is as shown in figure. Density of the gas at
a gas molecule will be equal to that of an
point A is 0. Density at B will be
electron accelerated through a potential
difference of 10 volt -
(A) 77.3 × 103 K (B) 38.65 × 103 K
(C) 19 × 103 K (D) 273K

Q.17 The temperature, pressure and volume of two

gases X and Y are T, P and V respectively.
When the gases are mixed then the volume and
(A) (B) temperature of mixture become V and T
respectively. The pressure and mass of the
(C) (D) 20 mixture will be -

Q.11 The average translation KE in one milli litre (A) 2P and 2M (B) P and M
volume of the oxygen at NTP is- (C) P and 2M (D) 2P and M
(A) 0.15 J (B) 0.036 J Q.18 When the momentum of molecules of a gas
(C) 0.56 J (D) 152 J increased by 20%, the percentage increases in
Q.12 A box containing N molecules of a perfect gas the kinetic energy of the molecules will be -
at temperature T1 and pressure p1. The number (A) 44% (B) 80%
of molecules in the box is doubled keeping the (C) 40% (D) 100%
total KE of the gas same as before. If the new
Q.19 The speed of a molecules of gas in a cubical
pressure is p2 and temperature T2 then .
vessel of side 5 meter is 15 m/s. This molecule
(A) p2 =p1, T2 = T1 (B) p2 =p1, T2 = T1/2
is constantly colliding with the walls of the
(C) p2 =2p1, T2 = T1 (D) p2 = 2p1, T2 = T1/2
container. The collision frequency will be -
Q.13 The mean kinetic energy of a gas molecules at (A) 0.2 per second (B) 2.25 per second
27º C is 6.21 × 10–21 Joule. Its value at 227º C (C) 5 per second (D) 1.5 per second
will be-
(A) 9.35 × 10–21 Joule (B) 10.35 × 10–21 Joule Q.20 Two identical glass bulbs are interconnected by

(C) 11.35 × 10–21 Joule (D) 12.35 × 10–21 Joule a thin glass tube. A gas is filled in these bulbs at
N.T.P. If one bulb is placed in ice and another
Q.14 A gas is filled in a container at any temperature
bulb is placed in hot bath, then the pressure of
and at pressure 76 cm of Hg. If at the same
temperature the mass of gas is increased by the gas becomes 1.5 times. The temperature of
50% then the resultant pressure will be - hot bath will be -
(A) 114 cm of Hg (B) 76 cm of Hg
(C) 152 cm of Hg (D) 38 cm of Hg

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 (C) 1/3 (D) 2/3

Q.25 The densities of hydrogen and oxygen at STP

are 0.8 ×10–4 g/cc and 12.8 × 10–4 g/cc
respectively. The rms velocity of H 2 is v1 and
that of O2 is v2. Then
(A) 100º C (B) 182º C
(A) v1 = v2 (B) v1 = 2v2
(C) 256º C (D) 546º C
(C) v1 = 4v2 (D) v1 = 8v2

Q.21 A gas at absolute temperature 300 K has Q.26 An ideal gas is found to obey an additional law
P2 V = constant. The gas is initially at
pressure = 4 × 10–10 N/m2. Boltzmann
temperature T and volume V. When it expands
constant = k = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K. The number of to a volume 2V, the temperature becomes -
molecules per cm3 is of the order of – (A) T (B) T
(A) 100 (B) 105 (C) 2T (D) 2 T
8 11
(C) 10 (D) 10
Q.27 For n moles of a real gas, the Vander waals
Q.22 If the volume of a gas is to be increased by 4 equation is -
times –
(A) (V – b) = RT
(A) Temperature must be doubled.
(B) At constant 'P' temperature must be
(B) (V – nb) = RT
increased by four times.
(C) At constant 'T' the pressure must be
increased four times. (C) (V – nb) = RT
(D) It cannot be increased.
Q.23 Temperature of a diatomic gas is 300 K. If (D) (V – nb) = nRT
moment of inertia of its molecules is
Q.28 A vessel A of volume 5 litre has a gas at
8.28 × 10–38 gm-cm2, root mean square angular
pressure of 80 cm column of Hg. This is joined
velocity is – to another evacuated vessel B of volume 3 litre.
(A) 1012 rad/s (B) × 108 rad/s If now the stopcock S is opened and the
apprature is maintained at constant temperature
(C) × 1012 rad/s (D) × 108 rad/s
then the common pressure will become -
Q.24 N molecules each of mass (m) of gas (A) and
2N molecules, each of mass (2m) of gas (B) are
contained in the same vessel which maintained
(A) 80 cm of Hg (B) 50 cm of Hg
at a temperature (T). The mean square of the (C) 30 cm of Hg (D) None of these
velocity of molecules of (B) type is denoted by
Q.29 A vessel is partitioned in two equal halves by a
(v2) and the mean square of the (X) component fixed diathermic separator. Two different ideal
of the velocity of (A) type is denoted by (w 2) gases are filled in left (L) and right (R) halves.
The rms speed of the molecules in L part is
then w / v2 is - equal to the mean speed of molecules in the R
(A) 2 (B) 1

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 part. Then the ratio of the mass of a molecules (A) P1 > P2 (B) P1 < P2
in L part to that of a molecules in R part is - (C) P1 = P2 (D) P1  P2

Q.33 If Cp and Cv are molar specific heats at constant

pressure and constant volume. For hydrogen gas
Cp – Cv = a and for oxygen gas C p – Cv = b so
the relation between a and b is -
(A) (B) (A) a = 16b (B) 16a = b
(C) a = 4b (D) a = b
(C) (D)
Q.34 One mole of an ideal gas required 207 J heat to
Q.30 The temperature of neon gas is increased by raise the temperature by 10 K when heated at
2º C at constant volume. If the amount of heat constant pressure. If the same gas is heated at
supplied is shared in increasing the translational constant volume to raise the temperature by the
and rotational kinetic energies, respectively, of same 10 K, the heat required is (R = 8.3 J/mol K
the gas molecules, then the ratio in which the –1) -
amount of heat energy is shared , is -
(A) 198.7 J (B)
(A) 50% : 50% (B) 66.66% : 33.33%
(C) 0% : 100% (D) 100% : 0% 29 J
(C) 215.3 J (D) 124 J
Q.31 Two spherical vessels of equal volumes are
Q.35 Ne20 and Ne22 mixture will have ratio of rms
connected by a narrow tube. The appratus
velocities of the respective molecules -
contain an ideal gas at one atmosphere and
300K. Now if one vessel is immersed in a bath (A) (B)
of constant temperature 600 K and the other in a
bath of constant temperature 300 K then the
(C) (D)
common pressure will be –

Q.36 What will be the pressure in terms of

atmospheric pressure of a mixture of 1 litre of
N2 and 1 atmospheric pressure and O2 at 0.5
atmospheric pressure and of 2 litre volume,
(A) 1 atm (B) 4/5 atm mixed in a container of 1 litre capacity at
(C) 4/3 atm (D) 3/4 atm constant temperature -

Q.32 For V versus T curves at constant pressure P1 (A) 0.75 (B) 1.0

and P2 for an ideal gas shown in figure – (C) 1.5 (D) 2.0

Q.37 A container of 5 litre has a gas at pressure of 0.8

m column of Hg. This is joined to an evacuated
container of 3 litre capacity. The resulting
pressure will be -
(A) 4/3 m (B) 0.5 m

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 (C) 2.0 m (D) 3/4 m

Q.38 The temperature of Argan gas is increased by 1º

C at constant volume. If the heat supplied is
divided equally between translational and
rotational energies, then their ratio will be - Q.40 From the following V-T diagram we can
(A) 60 % : 40% (B) 50% : 50% conclude
(C) 100% : 0% (D) 40% : 60%

Q.39 Two different masses m and 3m of an ideal gas

are heated separately in a vessel of constant
volume, the pressure P and absolute temperature
T, graphs for these two cases are shown in the
figure as A and B. The ratio of slopes of curves (A) P1 = P2 (B) P1 > P2
B to A is – (C) P1 < P2 (D) None of these

(A) 3 : 1 (B) 1 : 3
(C) 9 : 1 (D) 1 : 9

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 LEVEL # 3
Passage based questions: (Q.1 to Q.4)
A 12 g sample of Helium gas is heated at constant
pressure from an initial temperature 27ºC to a final
temperature 227ºC. Assume that the gas is ideal and
answer the following questions.
Q.1 Energy transferred to the gas by heat is -
(A) 17400 J (B) 12450 J
(C) 8675 J (D) 10250 J
Q.2 Increase in the internal energy of the gas will
be -
(A) 9200 J (B) 5500 J
(C) 7470 J (D) 8560 J
Now consider that the above sample of 12 g of
Helium, at its final temperature 227ºC, is contained
in a container X. Another container Y has also
Helium at the same temperature and pressure as in
container X but container Y has three times the
volume of container X. Assuming that Helium in
both containers behaves as an ideal gas, answer
these questions.
Q.3 Internal energy of the gas in container Y will
be -
(A) unrelated to that for container X
(B) three times that for container X
(C) one third of its value for container X
(D) the same as that for container X
Q.4 Root mean square speed of the gas molecules in
container Y will be -
(A) unrelated to that for container X
(B) three times that for container X
(C) one third of its value for container X
(D) the same as that for container X
Questions based on Statements: (Q.5 to Q.13)
Each of the questions given below consist of an
"Statement I" and "Statement II". Use the following
Key to choose the appropriate answer.
(A) If both Statement I and Statement II are true,
and Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
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(B) If both Statement I and Statement II are true but
Statement II is not the correct explanation of
Statement I.
(C) If Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(D) If Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Q.5 Statement I : For an ideal gas at, constant
temperature, the product of pressure and volume
is constant.
Statement II : The mean square velocity is
inversely proportional to mass.
Q.6 Statement I : The ratio for a diatomic gas
is more than that for a monoatomic gas.
Statement II : The molecules of a monoatomic
gas have less degree of freedom than those of
diatomic gas.
Q.7 Statement I : The rms velocity of gas
molecules having maxwellian distribution of
speeds is greater than their most probable speed.
Statement II : The asymmetry of the
maxwellian distribution curve reveals that the
number of molecules having speed greater than
most probable speed is more than the number of
molecules having speed less than the most
probable speed.
Q.8 Statement I : The average translational kinetic
energy per molecule of a gas for various gases
at the same temperature is the same.
Statement II : A given temperature, all
molecules move with nearly the same speed.
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 66
Q.9 Statement I : To liquefy a gas by pressure
alone it must first be cooled below its critical
temperature.
Q.10 Statement I : The average kinetic energy of the
molecules of 1 mole of all ideal gases at the Q.12
same temperature is the same.
Statement II : Two different gases at the same
temperature have equal rms velocities.
Q.11 Statement I : The potential energy of ideal gas
is zero. Q.13
Statement II : At low pressure or high
temperature the molecules are far apart and
molecular interactions are negligible.
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Statement II : The critical temperature for a
gas is the temperature below which it behaves
like an ideal gas.
Statement I : At constant temperature, the
average translational kinetic energy of gas
molecule does not depends upon pressure and
volume.
Statement II : Internal energy is only the
function of temperature.
Statement I : Absolute zero degree temperature
is not the zero energy temperature.
Statement II : At absolute zero temperature the
gas may posses potential energy
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 67
 LEVEL # 4
(Questions asked in previous AIEEE & IITJEE)
SECTION - A Q.6 A gaseous mixture consists of 16 g of helium
Q.1 Cooking gas container are kept in a lorry
and 16 g of oxygen. The ratio of the
moving with uniform speed. The temperature of
the gas molecules inside will – [AIEEE-2002] mixture is [AIEEE-2005]
(A) Increase (A) 1.59 (B) 1.62
(B) Decrease
(C) Remain same (C) 1.4 (D) 1.54
(D) Decrease for some, while increase for
Q.7 Two rigid boxes containing different ideal gases
others
are placed on a table. Box A contains one mole
of nitrogen at temperature T0, while Box B
Q.2 At what temperature is r.m.s. velocity of a
contains one mole of helium at temperature
hydrogen molecule equal to that of an oxygen
(7/3) T0. The boxes are then put into thermal
molecule at 47ºC– [AIEEE-2002] contact with each other, and heat flows between
(A)80 K (B) – 73 K them until the gases reach a common final
(C) 3 K (D) 20 K temperature. (Ignore the heat capacity of boxes).
Then, the final temperature of the gases, T f, in
Q.3 1 mole of a gas with  = 7/5 is mixed with 1
terms of T0 is – [AIEEE 2006]
mole of a gas with  = 5/3, then the value of 
for the resulting mixture is – [AIEEE-2002] (A) Tf = T0 (B) Tf = T0
(A) 7/5 (B) 2/5
(C) 24/16 (D) 12/7 (C) Tf = T0 (D) Tf = T0

Q.4 During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a Q.8 An insulated container of gas has two chambers
gas is found to be proportional to the cube of its separated by an insulating partition. One of the
absolute temperature. The ratio C p/Cv for the chambers has volume V1 and contains ideal gas
gas is – [AIEEE-2003] at pressure P1 and temperature T1. The other
(A) 2 (B) 5/3 chamber has volume V2 and contains ideal gas
(C) 3/2 (D) 4/3 at pressure P2 and temperature T2. If the
partition is removed without doing any work on
Q.5 One mole of ideal monoatomic gas ( = 5/3) is
the gas, the final equilibrium temperature of the
mixed with one mole of diatomic gas ( = 7/5).
gas in the container will be - [AIEEE-2008]
What is  for the mixture ?  denotes the ratio of
specific heat at constant pressure, to that at (A)
constant volume– [AIEEE-2004]
(A) 3/2 (B) 23/15
(B)
(C) 35/23 (D) 4/3

(C)

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 (molar mass 4) at a temperature 2T has a
(D) pressure of – [IIT – 97]
(A) P/8 (B) P
(C) 2P (D) 8P
Q.9 One kg of a diatomic gas is at a pressure of Q.6 The average translational energy and the rms
8 × 104 N/m2. The density of the gas is 4 kg/m 3. speed of molecules in a sample of oxygen gas at
What is the energy of the gas due to its thermal 300 K are 6.21 × 10–21 J and 484 m/s
respectively. The corresponding values at 600 K
motion ? [AIEEE-2009]
are nearly (assuming ideal gas behaviour) –
(A) 3 × 104 J (B) 5 × 104 J
(C) × 104 J (D) × 104 J [IIT – 97]
(A) 12.42 × 10–21J, 968 m/s
(B) 8.78 × 10–21J, 684 m/s
(C) 6.21 × 10–21 J, 968 m/s
(D) 12.42 × 10–21J, 684 m/s
SECTION – B
Q.1 Three closed vessels A, B and C are at the same Q.7 Two cylinders A and B fitted with piston
temperature and contain gases which obey the contain equal amounts of an ideal diatomic gas
Maxwellian distribution of velocities. Vessel A at 300 K. The piston of s is free to move, while
contain only O2, B only N2 and C a mixture of that of b is held fixed. The same amount of heat
equal quantities of O2 and N2. If the average is given to the gas in each cylinder. If the rise
speed of O2 molecules in vessel A is v 1, that of in temperature of the gas in A is 30 K, then the
rise in temperature of the gas in B is [IIT – 98]
the N2 molecules in vessel B is v2, the average
speed of the O2 molecules in vessel C is – (A) 30 K (B) 18 K
[IIT – 1992] (C) 50 K (D) 42 K
(A) (v1 + v2)/2 (B) v1
(C) (v1v2)½ (D) Q.8 Let v, vrms and vp respectively denote the mean
Q.2 A container of volume 1 m 3 is equally divided speed, root mean square speed and most
by a partition. One part contains an ideal gas at probable speed of the molecules in an ideal
300 K and other part is vacuum. The whole monoatomic gas at absolute temperature T. The
mass of a molecule is m. Then – [IIT – 98]
system is thermally isolated from the
surroundings. When the partition is removed, (A) vp < v < vrms
the gas expands to occupy the whole volume. (B) The average kinetic energy of a molecule is
Its temperature will now be [IIT – 93] (3/4) mvp2.
(A) 300 K (B) 500 K (C) Both of these (D) None of these
(C) 350 K (D) 550 K
Q.9 A vessel contains a mixture of one mole of
Q.3 The temperature of an ideal gas is increased oxygen and two moles of nitrogen at 300 K.
from 120 K to 480K. If at 120 K the root mean The ratio of the average rotational kinetic
square velocity of the gas molecules is v, at 480 energy per O2 molecule to that per N2 molecule
K is becomes – [IIT – 96] is – [IIT – 98]
(A) 4v (B) 2v (A) 1 : 1
(C) v/2 (D) v/4
(B) 1 : 2
Q.4 The average translational kinetic energy of O2 (C) 2 : 1
(molar mass 32) molecules at a particular (D) Depends on the moments of inertia of the
temperature is 0.048 eV. The translational two molecules
kinetic energy of N2 (molar mass 28) molecules
is eV at the same temperature is – [IIT – 97]
Q.10 A closed compartment containing gas is moving
(A) 0.0015 (B) 0.003
with some acceleration in horizontal direction.
(C) 0.048 (D) 0.768 Neglect effect of gravity. then the pressure in
Q.5 A vessel contains 1 mole of O 2 (molar mass 32) the compartment is : [IIT 99]
at a temperature T. The pressure of the is P. An (A) same everywhere
identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (B) lower in the front

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 (C) lower in the rear side
(D) lower in the upper side
(A) (B)
Q.11 Two monoatomic ideal gases 1 and 2 of
molecular mass m1 and m2 respectively are
enclosed in separate containers kept at the same
temperature. The ratio of the speed of sound in (C) (D)
gas 1 to that in gas 2 is given by : [IIT 2000]

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Q.12 An ideal gas is initially at temperature T and

volume V. Its volume is increased by V due to
an increase in temperature T, pressure
remaining constant. The quantity  = V/(VT)
varies with temperature as – [IIT–2000]

Q.14 Statement - I
(A) (B)
The total translational kinetic energy of all the
molecules of a given mass of an ideal gas is 1.5
times the product of its pressure and its volume.
Statement - II
The molecules of a gas collide with each other
and the velocities of them molecules change due
(C) (D)
to the collision. [IIT - 2007]
(A) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is True;
Statement–II is a correct explanation for
Statement–I
Q.13 Which of the following graphs correctly (B) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is True;
represents the variation of with Statement–II is not a correct explanation
P for an ideal gas at constant temperature ? for Statement–1
[IIT – 2002]
(C) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is False
(D) Statement–I is False, Statement–II is True.

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Q.15 Cv and Cp denote the molar specific heat (D) Cp . Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas than
capacities of a gas at constant volume and for a monoatomic ideal gas
constant pressure, respectively. Then
[IIT – 2009]
(A) Cp – Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas
than for a monoatomic ideal gas
(B) Cp + Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas
than for a monoatomic ideal gas
(C) Cp / Cv is larger for a diatomic ideal gas
than for a monoatomic ideal gas

ANSWER KEY
LEVEL # 1

LEVEL # 2

LEVEL # 3

LEVEL # 4
SECTION-A

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 SECTION-B

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