2014 BASIC 8 CIVIC EDUC 2ND TERM E-NOTES.docxREVIEWED

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL
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NAME: ……………………………………………………………….. CLASS: …….…………………..

deeperlifehighschool@yahoo.com
SECOND TERM E – LEARNING NOTES
JS 2 (BASIC 8)
SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION
SCHEME OF WORK
Weeks Topics
1. Revision of last term’s work.

2. The Rule of Law: (a) The meaning of law and rule of law. (b) The benefits of the rule of
law as against arbitrary rule.
3. The Rule of Law: (c) Punishment for breaking the law. (d) Equality of all citizens before
the laws.
4. Protection of Human Rights and the Rule of Law: (a) Ways of protecting human
rights by: (i) representing the affected person in court, (ii) drawing attention to cases of
human rights violations through: *protest match*, media coverage*, hunger strikes.* (b)
Groups that assist in protecting human rights of citizens. E.g. (i) Civil Society
Organizations (such as: CLO, CDHR, CRP, etc.) (ii) Trade unions (iii) Students’ Unions
(iv) Ethnic Associations (v) Legal Aids Council.
5. Consumer Rights and responsibilities: (a) Universal Rights of a consumer (b) The
responsibilities of a consumer Government
6. Democracy :(a) Meaning of democracy (b) Features of democracy (c) Importance of
democracy (c) Democratic institutions and their functions (i) INEC (ii) Political parties
(iii) Pressure group (iv) Arms of government.
7. MID TERM BREAK
8. Pillars of Democracy : (a) Meaning and (b) Explanation of pillars of democracy
9. Election and voter Responsibilities: (a) The concepts of election, voter and voting
(b)Differences between various types of election
10. Revision
11. Examination.
Week 1 Revision of First Term Work
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
PRE-CLASS READING: Basic Civic Education for Junior Secondary Schools JSS2 page (56-61)
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
1. List and explain briefly three benefits of rule of law
Week 2
Topic: RULE OF LAW

www.deeeperlifehighschools.org Page 1
Content a. The meaning of rule of law
b. Benefits of the rule of law as against arbitrary rule
(a) The meaning of rule of law

The rule of law means supremacy of the law, equality before the law and the
adoption of fundamental human rights in a democratic state. This means that the
law rules and nothing else. Rule of law also means the law is not a respecter of
person in any given state. The rule of law was developed by Professor A.V. Dicey
who wrote a book in 1885 titled, Introduction to the Study of Law of the
Constitution in which he said “the rule of law is necessary to prevent oppression
and tyranny”. Rule of Law is based on the notion that decisions should be made by
applying known principles or laws, without resorting to the use personal judgment or
discretion.
(b) Benefits of the rule of law as against arbitrary rule
1. The application of the rule of law will ensure that a country is governed in
accordance to the dictates of the constitution
2. The rule of law will guarantee the independence of the Judiciary as the custodian
and interpreter of the country’s constitution
3. The rule of law will also promote stability in government, as all the organs of
government will act according to the stated laws.
4. The rule of law will equally promote the fundamental human rights of the citizens, as
the law will prevent any infringement upon such rights.
5. The notion of the rule of law will also promote the doctrine of separation of powers
and checks and balances as no organ of government will interfere in the functions of
other organs
6. The rule of law will also prevent oppression and tyranny in the society, as autocratic
leaders will have no place in government
7. The rule of law will also promote steady progress in the society.
8. The application of the rule of law strengthens the democratic governance.
Evaluation:
1. State the meaning of rule of law
2. List and explain briefly three benefits of rule of law
PRE-CLASS READING:
Basic Civic Education for Junior Secondary Schools JSS2 page (62-75)
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
List five examples of people of integrity in our society.

Week 3
Topic: RULE OF LAW
Content: c. Punishment for law breaking
d. Equality of all citizens before the Law
(c) PUNISHMENT FOR LAW BREAKING

1. Withdrawal of rights: When a law is broken, the rights due to an individual may be
withdrawn such as the freedom of movement.
2. Detention and imprisonment: An accused can be detained, if found guilty of the
offence, he or she can be imprisoned for any breaking of the law.
3. Denial of basic Services: When certain people break any law, it may prevent the
government from providing certain amenities to the people
4. Political instability: Breaking down of law and order may lead to anarchy.
5. Sanctions: Government may impose any form of sanctions on individual or group
of people who break the law
6. Lack of security: When laws are broken government may not be able to protect the
lives and property of the citizens
(d) Equality of all citizens before the Law
This is based on the idea that “all citizens are born equal and therefore, are equal
before the law”. The same law applies to both the ruler and the ruled hence; people
are subject to the same court in a state. Therefore, there should be no secret trial of
any accused person. An ordinary citizen can take any government official including
the president to court on any given issue. This principle admits no class (status) in
the society. Nevertheless, this principle equalizes everybody yet, special rights are
reserved for the infants that cannot be charged to court for any criminal offence.
Political officeholders, ambassadors etc, cannot be arrested or tried in court while in
office.
Evaluation: 1. List five offences that can punished under the law
2. List and explain three forms of punishment for breaking the laws
3. Explain the meaning of “The law is no respecter of persons”
PRE-CLASS READING:
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
Identify and four groups that assist in protecting human rights of citizens

Week 4
Topic: PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW
Content: a. Ways of protecting human right: Role of Individuals and groups
b. Groups that Assist in Protecting Human Rights of Citizens
(a) (Ways of protecting human right: Role of Individuals and groups):
Human Rights are basic rights that every human being should be entitled to.
All these rights are enshrined in the constitution of a country and are expected to be
protected by the government of a country.
1. An accused person can be represented in a court of law by his lawyer(s).

2. Cases of human right violations could be taken care of through protest matches and
media coverage. An accused person may also engage on hunger strike
3. There are some human rights protection agencies existing in a country to defend the
rights of the citizen such as the Civil Liberty Organization, committee for the defense
of human rights, the civil rights projects, trade unions, students union, Ethnic
Associations and Legal Aid Council
4. The legislature can equally make an enabling law to protect the fundamental human
rights
5. International organizations like the United Nations and African Union as well as
Common Wealth of Nations can help to protect the rights of the citizens by warning
oppressive nations.
6. Pressure groups and political parties can influence public or government decision to
enhance the rule of law
.
(b) .Groups that Assist in Protecting Human Rights of Citizens
The following bodies or groups normally assist in protecting human rights of the
citizens: Students’ unions, trade unions, ethnic associations, legal aid councils, etc.
. (i) Civil Societies:

These groups of civil societies comprise the voluntary and civil
organizations/institutions. These groups include: Non-governmental organizations
(NGOs), cultural groups, religious organizations, Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC),
Committee for the Defence of Human Rights (CDHR), Students’ unions, etc.
(ii) Trade Union:

This is the body that combines all association of workers seeking to improve the
economic and social well-being of its members through group actions. In Nigeria, the
central body is called Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC). In February, 1978 the NLC
was formed and Inaugurated with affiliate members.

(iii) Students Organizations:
This organization comprises the body of students who stand with the view to defend
the students’ interest and can revolt against unconstitutional policies of government.
National Association of Nigeria Students is the umbrella body for students in tertiary
institutions of learning.
(iv) Ethnic Unions/Associations:

These are associations formed by members of the various ethnic groups. The
primary aim of these unions is to protect the individual, ethnic and economic rights of
their group. Examples are Oodua Peoples’ Congress {OPC}, Arewa Consultative
Forum {ACF},Ohaneze Ndigbo.etc.
(v) Legal Aid Councils:

These are non-governmental organizations formed by some public spirited lawyers
that provide free legal services to those who cannot afford it. They visit prisons and
attend to all cases of people in detention. This is to ensure that those who are
illegally detained without trial achieve justice. They also rehabilitate freed prisoners.
The legal aids is now a government parastatal and has an office in the 36 state of
the federation.
Evaluation:
Itemize four ways through which citizen’s right could be protected
Identify four groups that assist in protecting human rights of citizens.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Human rights are the (a)privileges enjoyed by the citizens of a given state (b ) rights enjoyed
by the people in authority (c) rights enjoyed by the less privileged (d) rights enjoyed by the
people in authority
2. The rights that enable a citizen to participate in the government of a state is known as (a)
human rights (b) political rights (c) economic rights (d) social rights
3. Which of these is not an appropriate step to protection of human rights? (a) election of a
good government (b) violent protest match (c) Education and public awareness. (d) Fair-play,
avoidance of partiality.
4. Who propounded the rule of law? (a) Professor Henry Shaw (b) Professor James
Peters (c) Professor A.V. Dicey (d) Professor Smith Gold
5. ----is not a law enforcement agency (a) EFCC (b) Police (c)NGO (d)The prison
service
PRE-CLASS READING: Apex Religion National Value for Nigerian Junior Secondary
Schools JSS2 page (137-138)
WEEKEND ACTIVITY:
List and three responsibilities of a consumer

Week 5
Topic: Consumer Right and Responsibilities
Content:
(a) Universal Right of a consumer
(b) Responsibilities of a consumer
(a) Universal Right of a consumer

In any society, there are rights that consumers should enjoy. As a consumer, there
are legal rights when purchase of any commodity and service is done.
The following are the rights a consumer:

(I) Right to safety and protection from hazardous goods and services. The consumer
must not be exposed to any danger when buying goods or services.
(II) Right to be informed and protected against fraudulent, deceitful or misleading
information .The consumer must have access to information on the good he or
she intends to buy.
(III) Right to choose and have access to variety of products and services at fair
competitive prices.
(IV) Right to be heard and to express and represent consumer interest in making
economic decisions.
(V) Right to seek redress and to be compensated for misrepresentation, shoddy
goods and services. The consumer has the right under the law to be
compensated for buying defective goods.
(VI) Right to consumer education, to be skilled and be informed.
(VII) Right to a healthy environment that will enhance the quality of life and protection
from environment problems.
(VIII) Right to satisfaction of basic needs of goods and services bought by the
consumer.
(b) Responsibilities of a consumer
The following are the responsibilities of a consumer:

(i) Responsibility to be aware and ascertain the quality and safety of goods and
services before purchasing it.
(ii) Responsibility of gathering relevant information and facts available about the
product is very necessary. The consumer be kept informed about the new
innovation on the product and changes in the market prices.
(iii) Responsibility to think independently and make choices about well considered
needs and wants. He must be able decide on what good is to be bought.
(iv) Responsibility to speak out to inform manufacturers and governments of needs
and wants.

(v) Responsibility to complain and inform business and other consumers of
dissatisfaction with product or services in honest and fair manner.
(vi) Responsibility to be an ethical consumer and to be fair by not engaging in
dishonest practices which cost all consumers money.
(vii) Responsibility to respect the environment and avoid waste littering that
contributes to pollution.
Evaluation
1. List five rights of a consumer
2. List five responsibilities of a consumer
PRE-CLASS READING:
WEEKEND ACTIVITY:
Enumerate three features of democracy
Week 6
Topic: DEMOCRACY:
Content: (a) Meaning of Democracy
(b) Features of Democracy
(a) Meaning of Democracy

Democracy can be defined as a system of government in which the supreme power
is vested in the hands of the people and it is exercised directly or indirectly.
Democracy can also be defined as government in the hand of the majority.
In 1863, Abraham Lincoln who was the American president defined
democracy as “the government of the people by the people and for the people”.
Democracy started in Greece where qualified adult gathered together to discuss
issues affecting their communities. Later, democracy was developed or built upon
by the Americans.
(b) Features of Democracy
1. There must be supremacy of the constitution to guide peoples’ conducts and
government actions

2. There must be periodic elections through which citizens elect their leaders
3. There must be adoption of universal suffrage i.e All qualified adults have right to vote
and be voted for
4. There should be free and fair election
5. There should be freedom of the press
6. There is separation of powers, i.e the functions of the three arms of government is
not performed by one arm of government
7. The government must respect the rule of law and the fundamental human rights of
citizens.
Evaluation
1. Define democracy
2. Enumerate three features of democracy
C. INDEPENENT ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC)

INEC is the institution charged with the responsibility of organizing, conducting and
supervising elections in Nigeria.
Functions of INEC
i. To conduct a free and fair election
ii. To register all eligible voters and political parties.
iii. To organize campaigns for the contesting political parties
iv. To provide all electoral materials
v. To educate the electorates
vi. To divide the country into electoral districts known as constituencies
vii. To provide security on the day of election
Viii.To announce the result of elections etc
D. POLITICAL PARTIES
This is a group of people having the same ideology and who come together for the
purpose of winning an election and take the control of the government. Examples of
prominent political parties in Nigeria are People’s Democratic Party (PDP), All
progressive Congress of Nigeria (APC), All People’s Grand Alliance (APGA), All
Nigerians People’s party.(ANPP) etc.
Functions of Political Parties

1. Political parties serve as effective means of changing government.
2. They nominate candidates to stand for various elections.
3. They educate the voters or electorates through their programmes campaigns and
rallies.
4. They serve as the link between government and the people.
5. They promote national unity because political parties are made up of people from
different ethnic groups.
6. Political parties provide social services to the members of the public through the
programmes of their parties.
7. Some political parties may serve as the alternative party to the government in power.
8. Political parties select and recruit leaders to be groom for political positions.
E. PRESSURE GROUPS AND FUNCTIONS OF PRESSURE GROUPS

PRESSURE GROUPS: These are organized group of people seeking to influence
the policies of government in order to promote the interest and welfare of their
members. This can be based on ethnicity, religion, political philosophy or common
goal.
Examples of pressure groups in Nigeria are:
Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT), Nigerian Medical Association (NMA), Nigerian
Union of Journalist (NUJ) etc.
Functions of Pressure Groups
1. They fight for the interest of their members so that government will meet the needs
of their members.
2. They help to promote economic stability.
3. They educate the members of the public through their various programmes such as
debates, propaganda, symposia and so on.
4. They also protect the interest of a vast majority of people.
5. Pressure groups help government to be focused through constructive criticism.
6. They also serve as the link between the government and the people.

F. ARMS OF GOVERNMENT
Meaning of government
Government can be defined as a group of people or body of persons vested with the
authority to rule, protect and direct the affairs of the society or a country.
(c) Arms of government
The three arms of government are, namely: Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary.
For democracy to thrive, the activities and the personnel of these organs must be
separated as stipulated in the constitution.
Reasons for Checks and balances

(i) To check misuse of power.
(ii) To avoid acting against the constitution.
(iii) To nurture a country’s democracy.
(iv) To prevent breakdown of law and order.
(v) To make decision that will benefit the nation.
(vi) To safeguard the freedom and liberties of the citizens.
(i)THE LEGISLATURE
This is the body that makes laws. In Nigeria, we have a bicameral legislature in the
center namely the Senate and the House of Representatives, while at the state and local
government levels, it is unicameral legislature.
Apart from law making, the legislature also performs some other functions such as defense
of fundamental human rights, supervision of the executive, ratification of major executive
decisions and appointment, as well impeachment of the President when the need arises.
(ii) EXECUTIVE
This is the organ of government responsible for implementing the law. At the Federal
level, we have the following as members President, Vice President, Ministers and
the civil servants, while in the state level we have the Governors, Deputy Governors,
commissioners and the civil service. Other functions of the executive may include
formulation of major decisions, creation of employment, maintenance of law and
order as well as defending the country form external and internal attacks. These
include foreign policy formulation and implementation.
(iii) JUDICIARY
This is the organ of government responsible for law interpretation and settlement
of disputes. They also defend the rights of the people and punish lawbreakers.
This organ of government is mainly made up of the court of law. The court is seen as
the last hope of the common man. Therefore, there is need for the independence of
the judiciary.
Evaluation:
1. List any three functions of INEC in Nigeria.
2. Give three reasons for checks and balances among the three arms of government

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
1. A system of government in which the supreme power is vested in the hands

people and exercise them directly or indirectly is called …….. (a) Oligarchy
(b) autocracy (c) democracy (d) Totalitarian
2. All these are the feature of democracy except …………… (a) separation of power
(b) rule of law (c) dictatorship (d) free and fair election
PRE-CLASS READING:
WEEKEND ACTIVITY:
Enumerate three features of democracy
Week 8
TOPIC: PILLARS OF DEMOCRACY

Content a. Meaning and explanation of pillars of democracy
b. Some democratic pillars
(a) Meaning and explanation of pillars of democracy
Pillars of democracy refer to essential elements or institutions necessary for
successful practice of democracy in a country.
(b) SOME DEMOCRATIC PILLARS
1. The People: Democracy centers on the people going by the definition of democracy
by Abraham Lincoln which says “Democracy is the government of the people, by the
people for the people”. The people give their mandates through their votes in
election. This definition shows the roles of the people of a nation in making
democracy to work.
2. Democratic Institutions: Democracy is sustained by the democratic institutions put
in place by the state as it helps the state to realize its objectives. Such institutions
may include political parties, electoral body etc.
3. Rule of Law: Supremacy of the law above individuals, groups and state officials will
also make democracy to stand, as it will ensure that all laws are obeyed

4. Transparent Electoral Process: A free and fair electoral system will lay a solid
foundation for democracy. When elections are rigged, it will lead to a fragile
democracy, which can collapse if not well nurtured by truth and justice
5. Majority Rule: Under democracy, the majority rule through their votes during
elections. The candidate with majority votes becomes the leader of the people.
6. Human Rights: In a democratic setting, the rights of the citizens must be
guaranteed to enable them participate effectively in the government. Such rights
include; right to vote and be voted for, Right personal liberty etc.
7. Supremacy of the Constitution: A good constitution will ensure that democracy is
sustained and maintained because the body of rules and regulations will guide the
actions of the ruler and the ruled.
Other pillars of democracy include: Minority right are protected, Law-abiding citizens,
impartial Electoral body, an independent judiciary, a free press etc.
EVALUATION:
1. .What is the meaning of pillars of democracy
2. List and discuss three pillars of democracy
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
PRE-CLASS READING: Basic Civic Education for Junior Secondary Schools JSS2 page (94-97)
WEEKEND ACTIVITY: 1.Define the concept of elections 2. List five types of elections
Week 9
TOPIC: ELECTION AND VOTERS RESPONSIIBILITES
Content: a. Concept of Election

b. Responsibilities of a voter
c. Types of elections
(a) Concept of Election:
Election: Election is the process of choosing or selecting leaders through voting to

represent the people in various government offices .Election remains the most

democratic way of choosing leaders, because the people themselves choose who
will rule them in government. The positions to be contested for are the posts of the
President, Governors, and members of the legislature at the central, state and local
governments
Voter: The people who are eligible to voting are called the voters or electorates.
Voting: This is the process of expressing one’s choice of a candidate in an election
VOTING SYSTEM: OPEN AND SECRETE BALLOT
OPEN BALLOT: The election conducted in the open place where people line up
behind their candidates or signify their support by raising up their hands is known as
open ballot. Here the person contesting will identify those voting for him and this
can lead to molestation of others in the opposing camp.
SECRET BALLOT: Is a type of election where voters use ballot paper to cast their
vote in a close place such that other voters and contesting candidates may not see
them. Here the candidate may not recognize those voting for him. The safety of the
electorate is guaranteed.
A voter voting

President Jonathan voting
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A VOTER
1. He must come out and register before the actual election takes place.
2. He must check his name on the revised electoral register at least 3 months
before the election.
3. On the day of election, he must take his voters card and check his name with
the staff of electoral commission. Then he can exercise his voting right for the
candidate of his choice.
4. He must be law abiding at the polling station and take instruction at the station
from the electoral officers.
5. He must leave the polling station immediately after voting.
TYPES OF ELECTIONS
DIRECT ELECTION
Direct election takes place when voters elect their representatives by themselves in a free
and fair election.
INDIRECT ELECTION
While an indirect election is a form of election where few people known and called an
electoral college elect representatives on behalf of majority of voters
SIMPLE MAJORITY AND ABSOLUTE MAJORITY
A simple majority is a type of election where the candidate with the highest vote is declared
as a winner, but in absolute majority a candidate must score at least 50% of the total vote
casts.
RUN-OFF ELECTION/SECOND BALLOT
This is the type of election that is conducted just after an election, where no one of the
candidate has won the election by absolute majority in a general election. When there is no
clear-cut winner of an election, a run-off election is conducted, but only the candidates with
the highest votes are allowed to contest at this level.
PRIMARY ELECTION
This is an election conducted within a political party to choose credible candidate (s) that
can adequately represent the party in any election.
REFERENDUM
This is an election organized in order to vote for a decision on a subject. For example such
election can be conducted to determine people’s wish or opinion on a subject like: should
abortion be legalized in Nigeria?; should Nigeria organize sovereign national conference ?.
BYE-ELECTION
This is a special election that takes place after another election, in order to fill a vacant
elective post or replace a politician. Bye-elections may be conducted as a result of
disqualification, resignation or death
EVALUATION
1. Define the concept of elections
2. List five types of elections

3. State three types of Election
4. Define electoral malpractice
5. Differentiate between Electoral College and referendum
Revision
Examination
1Where did democracy originate from? (a) Ghana (b) Nigeria (c)Greece (d) Ethiopia.
2. The modern democracy was built upon by the ….. (a) The Russians (b) The
Americans (c) The British (d) the Germans
3. Who was the American President that that define democracy as the Government
of the people by the people and for the people? (a) George Washington (b) Bill
Clinton (c) John Kennedy (d) Abraham Lincoln
4. In which year did he define it? (a) 1859 (b)1860 (c) 1863(d)1865
5. Unpopular policy of the government is best met through---(a) violent protest by union (b)
impeaching the president (c) arresting policemen found around (d) work to rule
6 One is not ethnic union--- in Nigeria (a) Christian Association of Nigeria (b) Ohanaeze (c)
Odua People Congress (d) Bakassi Boys
7 The mass media is the same as----(a) mass movement (b) mass mediation (c) mass
massore (d) mass publicity
8 A body that takes political decisions which people must obey is known as---(a) authority
(b) economic institution (c) pressure group ( d) government
9 Pillars of democracy are elected to---(a) to block democratic processes (b) to advance
cause of democracy (c) to give room for tough thuggery (d) all of the above
10 The president of a country who is elected by popular vote has a---- mandate (a) Popular
(b) partial (c) dependable (d) delicate.
REFERENCES
1. Sola Akinyemi ( 2009),Fundamentals of Civic Education for Basic 8
Published by Fatsoholy Ventures.
2. Ukegbu Merry et’al (2010), Basic Civic Education For Junior Secondary
Schools JSS2.Published by Meybiks Nig.

3. Bamiteko G.O E’tal (2012), Civic Education For Junior Secondry Schools
book 2,Published by spectrum Books Limited.
4. C. C. Okam Et’al (2010), Basic Civic Education For Junior Secondary
Schools JSS2.Universal Basic Education Edition, Published by Amana
publishers Limited.


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DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

NAME: ……………………………………………………………….. CLASS: …….…………………..

1. Revision of last term’s work.

Week 1 Revision of First Term Work

1. List and explain briefly three benefits of rule of law

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

(a) The meaning of rule of law

(b) Benefits of the rule of law as against arbitrary rule

List five examples of people of integrity in our society.

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

(c) PUNISHMENT FOR LAW BREAKING

(d) Equality of all citizens before the Law

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

(a) (Ways of protecting human right: Role of Individuals and groups):

1. An accused person can be represented in a court of law by his lawyer(s).

. (i) Civil Societies:

(ii) Trade Union:

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

(iv) Ethnic Unions/Associations:

(v) Legal Aid Councils:

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

(a) Universal Right of a consumer

The following are the rights a consumer:

(b) Responsibilities of a consumer

The following are the responsibilities of a consumer:

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

Enumerate three features of democracy

(a) Meaning of Democracy

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

C. INDEPENENT ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC)

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

E. PRESSURE GROUPS AND FUNCTIONS OF PRESSURE GROUPS

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

Reasons for Checks and balances

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

1. A system of government in which the supreme power is vested in the hands

TOPIC: PILLARS OF DEMOCRACY

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

TOPIC: ELECTION AND VOTERS RESPONSIIBILITES

Content: a. Concept of Election

Election: Election is the process of choosing or selecting leaders through voting to

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

VOTING SYSTEM: OPEN AND SECRETE BALLOT

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

President Jonathan voting

SIMPLE MAJORITY AND ABSOLUTE MAJORITY

RUN-OFF ELECTION/SECOND BALLOT

1. Define the concept of elections

2. List five types of elections

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

4. Define electoral malpractice

5. Differentiate between Electoral College and referendum

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

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