In Laddle, there are 3 Zones.

Free zone
Metal zone 17 layer
Slag zone 7 layer.
Free zone 4-5 layer free.
Slag zone
Each layer of 50 mm.

Bottom surface Metal zone

Impact zone depth 250mm.
Non-impact zone depth 225mm.
Refractory is generally made of Mg-C ceramics.
Bottom 225-250mm thick (90 pieces bricks) 325 kgs 95-S.
Metal zone 300 kgs 90-S.
Safety layer 300kgs 90-K.
Porous plug
Slide gate Nozzle
 Layer-wise refractory wall
Glass wool.

Safety bricks (50mm) 40 pieces.

Safety bricks (75 mm) 115 pieces.

Safety rounding (25mm) 450 pieces.

Top-view of laddle
 Structural diagram of porous plugs.
1 – external ceramic bricks
2 – internal plug of thin pipes for gas flow
3 – sealing magnesia-carbon mass
4 – sealing of the plug in the shell.

Porous plug

In order to efficiently implement the function of secondary refining treatment of molten steel as a processing
equipment, some of the ladles are equipped with a gas blowing-in apparatus of the porous plug type installed
on the ladle bottom. By blowing argon gas into the molten steel through the porous brick, the molten steel is
stirred and the refining process is promoted. For the porous brick, one of the materials of the mullite system,
alumina system, magnesite chrome system and magnesia system is used depending on the required usage
condition and/or durability.
 The primary function of a ladle slide gate system
is to control the flow of liquid steel from the ladle
to the tundish during the continuous casting
process.
It consists of several components, including:
Three-Plate System: This includes a well block, a
top nozzle, and a collector nozzle.
Benefits of Slide Gate systems:
• Efficiency: These systems reduce ladle
Slide-gate system
turnaround time, enable efficient ladle
management, and minimize overall refractory,
labor, and energy costs.
• Steel Protection: By controlling the steel flow,
they help prevent re-oxidation and ensure clean
Plates steel transfer from ladle to tundish.
In summary, the sliding gate system ensures
smooth and controlled steel flow, contributing to
the quality and efficiency of the continuous
casting process
Nozzle
Details of refractory bricks
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
 Cored wires consist of a metal sheath surrounding a core of
alloying materials, offering a controlled and targeted method for
enhancing the properties of steel and other alloys. They
represent a significant innovation in metallurgical technology,
providing a precise and efficient means of introducing alloying
elements into molten metal during various metal production
processes.
Common types of cored wires include Calcium Silicon (CaSi),
Ferro calcium (CaFe), and solid Calcium. Primarily used as the
last step in ladle refining process after alloying additions. CaSi
is used most when slab casting is being done. The inclusion of
Silicon (Si) in Calcium Silicon (CaSi) cored wire serves to
diminish the activity and vapor pressure of calcium within the
molten metal bath. Consequently, this reduction enables calcium
Cross section of a cored wire
to persist in the bath for an extended period, facilitating its
enhanced utilization and recovery. Solid Ca is strictly used for
low silicon grades.