PROBABILITY & STATISTICS

Introduction

Data

Data
Collection
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Errors

Statistical
Thinking

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 WHAT IS STATISTICS

Introduction
Introduction What is Statistics

Data
The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and
interpreting DATA in order to make decisions.
Data
Collection

Errors
Descriptive Statistics: Inferential Statistics
Involves organizing, Involves using
sample data to draw
Statistical summarizing, and conclusions about a
Thinking
displaying data. population.

e.g. Tables, charts,

averages

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 WHAT IS STATISTICS

Introduction
Introduction Population
Data the complete collection of all individuals to be
studied.
Data the collection is complete in the sense that it
Collection
includes all of the individuals to be studied
Errors
Census
Statistical
Thinking
Collection of data from every member of a
population
Sample
Sub-collection of members selected from a
population
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 WHAT IS DATA

Introduction What is data

Data Consist of information coming from observations,
counts, measurements, or responses.
Data
Collection
Parameter
Errors a numerical measurement describing some
characteristic of a population.
Statistical
Thinking
Statistic
a numerical measurement describing some
characteristic of a sample.

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 WHAT IS DATA

Introduction Type of data

Data
Qualitative Data Quantitative data
Data
Collection
Major Place of birth
Age Temperature
Errors

Statistical
Thinking

Discrete Continuous
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 DATA COLLECTION: THE BASIC METHODS

Introduction (1) Retrospective study using historical data

Data

Data (2) Observational study

Data
Collection
Collection A researcher observes and measures characteristics of
Errors
interest of part of a population.

Statistical
Thinking
(3) Experiment
A treatment is applied to part of a population and
responses are observed.

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 Errors

Introduction Sampling error

Data
the difference between a sample result and
the true population result; such an error
Data results from chance sample fluctuations.
Collection

Errors
Non-sampling error
Statistical sample data incorrectly collected, recorded, or
Thinking
analyzed (such as by selecting a biased sample,
using a defective instrument, or copying the data
incorrectly).

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