Professional Documents
Culture Documents
John S. Dempsey
Captain, New York City Police Department (Retired)
Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice, Suffolk Community College
Mentor in Criminal Justice and Public Administration, SUNY-Empire State College
Linda S. Forst
Captain, Boca Raton Police Department (Retired)
Professor of Criminal Justice, Shoreline Community College
Steven B. Carter
Sergeant, Modesto Police Department (Retired)
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An Introduction to Policing, Ninth Edition © 2019, 2016 Cengage Learning, Inc.
John S. Dempsey, Linda S. Forst, Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage.
Steven B. Carter
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
Senior Product Director: Marta Lee-Perriard herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,
except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written
Product Team Manager: Carolyn Henderson
permission of the copyright owner.
Meier
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Ded ic at ion
This book is dedicated to my late husband, Captain James E. Duke, Jr. (pictured
below), and our beautiful daughters, Brynn and Juleigh, as well as my son-in-law,
Taylor. —L.S.F.
This book is dedicated to my wife Rebecca Lynn Carter, my three daughters, Sarah,
Mellissa and Rebekah and my seven grandchildren – S.B.C.
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HONORING THE MEMORY AND CELEBRATING
THE LIFE OF JOHN S. DEMPSEY (JACK)
Jack Dempsey, senior author of An Introduction to Policing, Introduction to
Investigations, Introduction to Private Security, and POLICE died on Sunday,
August 3, 2014, in New York at the age of 68. Jack was a member of the New
York Police Department from 1964 to 1988, rising through the ranks of police
officer, sergeant, lieutenant, and captain. He received his BA from John Jay
College of Criminal Justice, his Masters in criminal justice from Long Island
University, and his Masters in public administration from Harvard University,
John F. Kennedy School of Government.
Upon his retirement from law enforcement, Jack dedicated his time and
efforts to teaching and mentoring students at Suffolk Community College
and State University of New York, Empire College and across the country. He
was awarded the prestigious “Who Made a Difference Award” from Suffolk
Community College for his dedication to his students.
Jack’s commitment to professional law enforcement was visible in
everything he did. It is impossible to know just how many students and police
officers he influenced and educated as his books are widely read across the
nation. Jack had a magnetic personality and a lot of charisma, making it easy for
him to share his beliefs in ethical and professional law enforcement as well as his
unending desire to serve his community and students in any way that he could.
He was also devoted to his family and was so happy to spend time relaxing
with his wife, children, and grandchildren. He always had pictures to show, sto-
ries to tell and we all knew he was the “Grand Dude.” He was well known for
his infectious laugh, sense of humor, and New York accent!
Law enforcement is more professional, police officers are safer, and society
has benefited due to Jack’s efforts. For those of us lucky enough to know him
personally, he impacted our lives tremendously and we will be forever grateful
for his friendship, kindness, generosity, support, and mentoring. Jack’s legacy
will live on for generations.
Linda Forst
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Brief Contents
Pa rt i i i Police Operations
9 Patrol Operations | 266
10 Investigations | 303
11 Police and Their Clients | 332
12 Community Policing | 368
13 Police and the Law | 398
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Contents
P ART I
You Are There England’s Early Experience with a Civil Policing in the 2000s | 29
Police Department | 6 Summary | 34
Peel’s Police: The Metropolitan Police for Key Terms | 36
London | 6
Review Exercises | 36
You Are There Sir Robert Peel: The Founder of Modern
End Notes | 36
Policing | 8
American Policing: The Colonial
Chapter 2
Experience | 8
The North: The Watch | 9 Organizing Public Security in
The South: Slave Patrols
and Codes | 9
the United States | 39
American Policing: Eighteenth The U.S. Public Security Industry | 40
and Nineteenth Centuries | 10 Local Law Enforcement | 42
The Urban Experience | 10 Metropolitan Law Enforcement | 43
You Are There First Urban U.S. Police Departments | 11 You Are There Some Interesting Facts About Local Police
You Are There You Decide: Where Does the Term “Cops” Departments | 44
Come From? | 11 County Law Enforcement | 44
Guest Lecture County Sheriff’s Departments: Working in Rural and Small-Town Law Enforcement | 45
Relative Anonymity | 12 You Are There Some Interesting Facts About Sheriffs’
You Are There New York City Police Museum | 14 Offices | 45
The Southern Experience | 15 Indian Country and Tribal Law Enforcement | 48
The Frontier Experience | 15 Campus Law Enforcement | 49
vi
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Contents vii
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viii Contents
P ART II
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Contents ix
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x Contents
on the JOB We’ve Come a Long Way! | 221 Other Police Misconduct | 242
Challenges for Other Minorities | 224 Drug-Related Misconduct | 242
Summary | 225 Sleeping on Duty | 242
Key Terms | 225 Police Deception | 242
Review Exercises | 226 Sex-Related Misconduct | 243
Guest Lecture Sexual Deviance by Police | 244
END NOTES | 226
Domestic Violence in Police Families | 245
P ART II i
Police Patrol Operations | 267 One-Officer Versus Two-Officer Patrol Cars | 274
Activities of the Patrol Officer | 268 Return to Foot Patrol | 275
The Legacy of O. W. Wilson | 268 Patrol Innovations: Working Smarter | 276
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Policing | 276
Police Work | 269 Predictive Policing | 277
Random Routine Patrol: The Kansas City Smart Policing | 277
Study | 269 Personnel Deployment | 278
Rapid Response to Citizens’ 911 Calls | 270 Directing Patrol Efforts | 278
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Contents xi
Differential Response to Calls for Service and the Improved Investigation of Past Crimes | 308
911 System | 279 Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) | 308
Reverse 911 | 280 Mentoring and Training | 309
Smart911 | 280 Crime Analysis and Information
Allocation of Resources | 281 Management | 310
Personnel | 281 Crime Analysis | 310
Vehicles | 282 Information Management | 311
Alternative Strategies | 283 Multiagency Investigative Task Forces | 312
Tactical Operations | 283 Repeat Offender Programs (ROPs) | 313
Internet Registries | 314
Specialized Policing Responses to Individuals with
Mental Illness | 284 Guest Lecture The Sandy Hook Elementary School
Shooting Investigation and Response | 315
Decoy Vehicles | 285
Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology,
You Are There RADAR at the King County Sheriff’s
Smartphones, and Social Media | 316
Office | 286
Surveillance Cameras | 318
Alternative Vehicle Deployment | 287
Cold-Case Squads | 319
Guest Lecture Gang Investigation | 288
Proactive Tactics | 320
Police Traffic Operations | 289 Decoy Operations | 321
Video Camera Traffic Enforcement | 291 Stakeout Operations | 321
The Challenge of Distracted Drivers | 292
on the JOB Jogging on the Job | 322
Efforts Against Drunk Drivers and Impaired Sting Operations | 322
Drivers | 292
Cybercrime Investigations | 323
Fighting Aggressive Driving | 294
Undercover Operations | 324
Police Automobile Pursuits | 294
You Are There The Legality of Police Undercover Drug
Other Police Operational Units | 297 Investigations: Gordon v. Warren Consolidated Board of
SWAT Teams and Police Paramilitary Units | 297 Education (1983) | 324
K-9 Units | 299 Police Undercover Investigations | 325
Summary | 299 Federal Undercover Investigations | 325
Key Terms | 300 Drug Undercover Investigations | 325
Review Exercises | 300 Entrapment | 327
END NOTES | 301 You Are There Jacobson v. United States, 1992 | 328
Summary | 329
Chapter 10 Key Terms | 330
Review Exercises | 330
Investigations | 303
End Notes | 330
Retroactive Investigation of Past Crimes by
Detectives | 304 Chapter 11
Detective Operations | 305
The Investigative Process | 305 Police and Their Clients | 332
What Detectives Do | 306 The Need for Proper Police–Community
The Detective Mystique | 307 Relationships | 333
Alternatives to Retroactive Investigation of Human Relations, Public Relations,
Past Crimes by Detectives | 308 and Community Relations | 334
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xii Contents
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Contents xiii
The Police and the U.S. Constitution | 403 You Are There United States v. Leon (1984) | 436
Guest Lecture A View from the Interior: Policing the The Police and Custodial Interrogation | 437
Protests at the Wisconsin State Capitol | 404 The Path to Miranda | 437
The Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth You Are There Brown v. Mississippi (1936) | 438
Amendment | 406
You Are There McNabb v. United States (1943) and
The Role of the Supreme Court in Regulating the Mallory v. United States (1957) | 439
Police | 407
The Miranda Ruling | 439
The Exclusionary Rule | 407
You Are There Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) | 440
You Are There Weeks v. United States (1914) | 408
The Erosion of Miranda | 440
You Are There Rochin v. California (1952) | 408
You Are There Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | 441
You Are There Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | 409
You Are There Brewer v. Williams (1977) and Nix v.
on the JOB Law Is History: Know Your Facts | 410 Williams (1984) | 442
The Police and Arrest | 411 You Are There Rhode Island v. Innis (1980) | 443
Probable Cause | 412 You Are There New York v. Quarles (1984) | 444
Reasonable and Deadly Force in Making You Are There Moran v. Burbine (1986) | 445
Arrests | 414
The Dickerson Ruling and Beyond | 447
Police Traffic Stops | 415
You Are There Texas v. Cobb (2001) | 448
You Are There Los Angeles v. Mendez; 581 U.S.
You Are There Missouri v. Seibert (2004) | 450
___(2017) | 416
Police and Surreptitious Recording of Suspects’
You Are There Delaware v. Prouse (1979) | 416
Conversations | 451
on the JOB Crime and the Community | 418
Police Eyewitness Identification
The Police and Search and Seizure | 419 Procedures | 453
YOU ARE THERE The Castle Doctrine in “Stand-Your- Lineups, Showups, and Photo Arrays | 453
Ground” Laws | 420
You Are There United States v. Wade (1967) | 453
You Are There Katz v. United States (1967) | 421
Other Identification Procedures | 454
Canine Sniffs | 421
You Are There Winston v. Lee (1985) | 455
The Warrant Requirement and the Search
Summary | 456
Warrant | 423
Key Terms | 458
You Are There Illinois v. Gates (1983) | 425
Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement | 426 Review Exercises | 458
You Are There Terry v. Ohio (1968) | 429 End Notes | 458
You Are There Carroll v. United States (1925) | 436
P ART i v
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xiv Contents
Computer-Assisted Instruction | 473 You Are There Criminalistics and Good Old Detective
Administrative Uses of Computers | 473 Work Find Suspect in Hit and Run | 500
Computer Networks and the Internet | 474 The Modern Crime Lab | 500
Mobile Technology | 475 Crime Lab Accreditation | 504
Guest Lecture The Evolution of Technology and Child Computer/Digital Forensics | 505
Pornography Investigations | 476 You Are There Credibility of Crime Lab in Question | 505
Fingerprint Technology | 478 DNA Profiling | 508
Basic Categories of Fingerprints | 479 The Science of DNA | 508
You Are There Some Fingerprint Facts | 480 You Are There The Blooding: The First Use of DNA Typing
You Are There Can a Person Change Fingerprints? | 480 in a Criminal Case | 511
You Are There How to Find and Develop Latent History of DNA in U.S. Courts | 512
Fingerprints | 481 Current Technology | 513
Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems | 481 DNA Databases | 513
on the JOB What a Difference Technology Makes | 483 Other Current DNA Issues | 514
You Are There DNA Couldn’t Find the Suspect, but IAFIS Advanced Technology | 517
Did | 484 Biometric Identification | 517
Automated Palm Print Technology | 484 In-Car and Body-Worn Cameras | 518
Less-than-Lethal Weapons | 485 Robotics | 519
Chemical Irritant Sprays | 485 Concerns About Technology and
The Taser and Other Stun Devices | 485 Civil Liberties | 520
Safety and Effectiveness of Summary | 520
Less-than-Lethal Weapons | 486
Key Terms | 521
You Are There Safer Tasers | 486
Review Exercises | 521
Surveillance Technology | 487
End Notes | 522
Surveillance Vans | 487
Vehicle Tracking Systems | 489
Chapter 15
Night Vision Devices | 490
Global Positioning Systems | 490 Homeland Security | 532
Surveillance Aircraft | 491
Homeland Security | 533
Electronic Video Surveillance | 492
Terrorism | 534
Cell Phone Technology and Searches | 494
International Terrorism | 536
Advanced Photographic Techniques | 494
You Are There Fazul Abdullah Mohammed Killed in
Digital Photography | 495 Somalia | 536
Aerial Photography | 495
on the JOB Involvement in Major Incidents | 539
Mug Shot Imaging | 495
Domestic Terrorism | 539
Age-Progression Photographs | 495
You Are There Some Major International Terrorism Cases
Composite Sketches | 496 Affecting the United States | 540
You Are There Finding Missing Children through You Are There The Hunt for Bin Laden | 540
Age-Enhanced Photos | 497
You Are There The Ohio Defense Force | 542
Modern Forensics or Criminalistics | 497 You Are There “Justice Department” Makes Threats
The CSI Effect | 499 Against UCLA Animal Researcher | 543
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Contents xv
You Are There The Boston Marathon Bombings | 544 Office of the Director of National Intelligence
You Are There Some Major Domestic Terrorism Cases in (ODNI) | 554
the United States | 545 You Are There Enormous Responsibilities for U.S. Border
Methods of Investigating Terrorism | 545 Protection | 554
Proactive Methods | 545 You Are There They Stopped the Terrorists Before They
Could Attack | 555
Reactive Methods | 545
Other Federal Agencies | 555
You Are There A Domestic Terrorist: The
Unabomber | 547 State and Local Law Enforcement Efforts for
Post-9/11 Response to Terrorism and Homeland Homeland Security | 556
Defense | 548 Local Efforts in Addressing Terrorism | 558
9/11 Commission’s Review of Efforts for Homeland State and Local Training and Awareness
Security | 549 Efforts | 559
You Are There Career Opportunity Areas with the Guest Lecture Homeland Security | 560
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) | 550 State and Local Law Enforcement and
Counterterrorism | 561
Federal Law Enforcement Efforts for Homeland
Security | 550 on the JOB Increased Security Since September 11,
2001 | 562
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) | 550
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) | 552 Security Versus Civil Liberties | 563
You Are There Seeking a Job with the U.S. Department of Summary | 567
Homeland Security (DHS) | 553 Key Terms | 567
Secure Communities and Priority Enforcement Review Exercises | 568
Program: DHS and FBI | 554
End Notes | 568
Glossary | 574
Index | 585
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About the Authors
JOHN S. DEMPSEY was a member of the New York City state representative, she contributed to the development
Police Department (NYPD) from 1964 to 1988. He served of Florida’s stalking law (one of the first in the nation) and
in the ranks of police officer, detective, sergeant, lieutenant, amended the sexual battery statute to better serve the com-
and captain. His primary assignments were patrol and inves- munity. She received numerous commendations during her
tigations. He received seven citations from the department career, including Boca Raton’s Citizen of the Year in 1994,
for meritorious and excellent police duty. After retiring from and brought home many gold medals in swimming and run-
the NYPD, Mr. Dempsey served until 2003 as Professor of ning from the state and International Police Olympics while
Criminal Justice at Suffolk County Community College on representing Boca Raton.
Eastern Long Island where he won the college’s prestigious Ms. Forst earned her B.A. in criminal justice, M.Ed. in
“Who Made a Difference Award” for his teaching and work community college education, and Ed.D. in adult education
with students. In 2005, he was designated Professor Emeri- from Florida Atlantic University. Her dissertation was on
tus by the college. Mr. Dempsey also served as a mentor at acquaintance rape prevention programs. She is a graduate
the State University of New York, Empire College, where of University of Louisville’s Sex Crime Investigation School
he taught criminal justice and public administration courses and Northwestern University’s School of Police Staff and
and mentored ranking members of law enforcement and Command. Ms. Forst is the author of numerous publica-
criminal justice agencies. tions in magazines, journals, and newspapers, and presents
In addition to this book, Mr. Dempsey was the author regularly at conferences and to community groups. She is
of Introduction to Investigations, Second Edition (Thomson the author of The Aging of America: A Handbook for Police
Wadsworth, 2003), POLICE2 (Delmar/Cengage Learning, Officers (Charles C. Thomas, 2000) and POLICE (Delmar/
2013), and Introduction to Private Security, Second Edition Cengage, 2013). Ms. Forst is a member of Academy of Crim-
(Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011). inal Justice Sciences, the Washington Association of Sheriffs
Mr. Dempsey held A.A. and B.A. degrees in behavioral and Police Chiefs, the International Association of Chiefs
science from the City University of New York, John Jay Col- of Police, the International Association of Women Police,
lege of Criminal Justice; a master’s degree in criminal jus- and the National Association of Women Law Enforcement
tice from Long Island University; and a master’s degree in Executives. She has instructed for Northwestern’s School of
public administration from Harvard University, the John F. Police Staff and Command as well as Palm Beach Commu-
Kennedy School of Government. He was a member of the nity College and Florida Atlantic University. Currently she
Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS), the Interna- is a professor of criminal justice at Shoreline Community
tional Association of Chiefs of Police, ASIS International, College in Seattle, Washington.
the Northeastern Association of Criminal Justice Sciences Ms. Forst is the mother of two daughters and a proud
(NEACJS), and the Criminal Justice Educators Association grandmother of an adorable grandson.
of New York State. He was also honored with the Outstand-
ing Contributor Award from the ACJS Community College STEVEN B. CARTER is a retired police sergeant from
Section in 2004 and the Fellows Award from the NEACJS in the Modesto (California) Police Department. He joined the
2005. department in 1985 as a police reserve and served as a police
Mr. Dempsey was married and had four children and officer, detective, patrol sergeant, training sergeant, admin-
four grandchildren. He passed away in 2014. istrative services sergeant, and acting watch commander.
While a patrol officer, he hosted a weekly live television show
LINDA S. FORST is a retired police captain from the Boca (CrimeLine) on the local cable station and was the recipient
Raton (Florida) Police Services Department. She joined the of a Telly Award for a segment on domestic violence. As a
department in 1977 and served as a patrol officer, investi- detective, he was assigned to economic crimes and burglary,
gator, sergeant, lieutenant, and captain. She spent most of and was a member of the homicide crime scene team, acting
her career in patrol but also worked in investigations, pro- as crime scene manager. He was assigned to the California
fessional standards, training, hiring, and support services. Office of Criminal Justice Planning to assist in the admin-
She was the first female field training officer, sergeant, istration of the 1033 Program for police agencies in Califor-
lieutenant, and captain in the department. She has exten- nia to obtain surplus military equipment. He has presented
sive training in accident investigation, domestic violence, before the California State Assembly Central Valley Legisla-
sexual violence, community policing, and police manage- tive Law Summit on computer crimes and law enforcement
ment, and she served on the board of directors of the local response. As administrative sergeant he supervised back-
battered women’s shelter for many years. Together with a ground investigations, and as training sergeant he proposed
xvi
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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Colombo, de Cerlone, es México la primera tierra descubierta por el
gran navegante, y, lo que es más, bautizada por éste con el nombre
de América, reconociendo que Américo Vespucio había tenido
noticia antes que él de tal tierra. Semejantes desatinos sólo pueden
compararse con los que contiene el drama Columbus del alemán
Dedekind, publicado en Leipzig este año, entre los cuales sobresale,
sin duda, en primer término la originalísima especie de que la
amistad de Colón con los Pinzones tuvo origen en la Universidad de
Pavía, siendo condiscípulos en sus aulas el marino genovés y los
célebres pilotos de Palos.
En comparación con tales dislates, insignificantes resultan los
errores históricos de los dramaturgos españoles, comenzando por
frey Lope Félix de Vega Carpio.
El Nuevo Mundo descubierto por Christoual Colon es anterior á
1604, fecha en que había sido ya escrita esta comedia, como lo
prueba el hecho de venir incluída en la lista publicada en El
Peregrino, dada á luz en aquel año. Diez más tarde, en 1614, fué
impresa en la Cuarta parte de comedias de Lope. Como hasta
ahora, que sepamos, no ha merecido estudio especial, bueno será
dar alguna noticia de ella con ocasión del presente Centenario.
Al descubrimiento de América se refieren propiamente, en esta
obra, la mayor parte del acto primero, las primeras escenas del
segundo y las últimas del tercero. Las demás tienen por asunto, ya
la conquista de Granada, ya los compañeros que dejó Colón en las
primeras tierras descubiertas entre los cuales incluye Lope á D.
Bartolomé Colón y al P. Buil, que no fueron en el primer viaje, como
es notorio. Las escenas de esta parte abarcan más de la mitad del
acto segundo y casi todo el tercero. La celebración de la primera
Misa, y los amores y amoríos de indias é indios, indias y españoles,
groseramente presentados, les sirven de argumento. Nada de esto
se refiere, pues, directamente á Colón ni á la empresa descubridora.
Tratemos de ésta únicamente. Y desde luego diremos que, desde
el principio hasta el fin, las escenas de nuestra comedia se ajustan
esencialmente á la historia del descubrimiento contenida en las
crónicas españolas que corrían por entonces. El poeta tomó de unas
y otras lo que tuvo á bien escoger, permitiéndose luego algunos
ensanches y alteraciones. Con razón podríamos, pues, calificar su
obra de crónica dialogada, lo mismo en lo que toca á los
preliminares del descubrimiento, que en lo relativo al primer viaje,
que en lo tocante al regreso y presentación de Colón á los Reyes en
Barcelona.
Ni las mocedades de Colón, ni sus amores con D.ª Beatriz
Enríquez, explotados después por otros dramaturgos, así como
tampoco la supuesta intervención de la Universidad de Salamanca
en las negociaciones colombinas, y menos aún las decantadas
burlas de sus maestros de los proyectos del gran navegante, figuran
en modo alguno en nuestra comedia. Lope nos presenta solamente
al descubridor en los tres momentos capitales de su empresa:
buscando favorecedores hasta que los encuentra en los Reyes
Católicos; llevando á cabo su inmortal viaje; regresando vencedor á
España á noticiar su triunfo.
De estos tres momentos, el primero es el tratado con mayor
extensión en nuestra comedia. Colón, viviendo en la isla de la
Madera, hospeda en su casa á un piloto, el cual, al morir, en premio
de la hospitalidad recibida, le entrega sus papeles, y con ellos el
secreto de la existencia de un Nuevo Mundo. Porque es de saber
que aquel piloto, navegando por el mar Océano en una carabela
empujada por contrarios vientos y arrastrada por las corrientes,
había arribado á América. Refiérelo á Colón, añadiendo que
No sé cómo te he escuchado,
Colón, sin auer reído,
Hasta el fin, lo que has hablado;
El hombre más loco has sido
Que el cielo ha visto y criado
Un muerto con frenesí
Te pudo mover ansí
Con dos borrados papeles:
Si de engañar vivir sueles,
¡Cómo te atreves á mí!
Á Castilla y á León
Nuevo mundo dió Colón,