ce Dental Material _—_—Dr. Samar Khalid Mohammed Impression Materials Rigid impression material (inelastic) 1. Impression plaster. 2. Impression compound. 3. Impression waxes. 4, Zine oxide eugenol impression material 1. Impression Plaster Is described as a rigid, mucostatic, Hydrophilic, irreversible impression material set by chemical reaction. The impression plaster has the same setting reaction and properties as the gypsum products that are used for models and casts. The major difference is that impression plaster has flavors added and it sets more quickly to minimize the time that the ‘material is in the mouth. When impression plaster sets, it is hard and brittle. Presentation: present as a powder mixed with water (w/p =0.6). ‘Composition: 1. Main reactive ingredient: Calcium sulphate p- hemihydrates ([CaSO4}1/2 H20. 2. Accelerator Potassium sulphate (K2S04): to reduce expansion and to accelerate the setting reaction. 3, Retarder Borax: retarder to reduce the rate of setting (counteract the accelerator). 4. Color pigment Alizarin: (to distinguish impression plaster and model plaster). 5. Starch: To render them soluble in water and permit rapid separation of the cast from the impression material (to help disintegration of impression on separation from the plaster/stone model). After the cast hardens, the impression and the cast are put in hot water, the starch softens and swells in hot water and the impression disintegrates, making it easy to separate the cast from the impression. 6. Flavoring agent: To offset the bad taste of plaster. Accelerator, borax, and alizarin dissolved in water and formed a solution, called an antiexpansion solution. Due to the addition of starch in plaster, it is also called as soluble plaster. Scanned with CamScannerUses: 1, Making a final impression of the edentulous arches (constructing complete dentures). 2. It is primarily used when excess saliva is produced by the patient (accessory palatine gland). Manipulation: The impression plaster should be mixed with water or an anti-expansion solution in the ratio of 100 g to 60 ml. The water is placed into a rubber bowel and the powder is added, mixing them till the creamy mixture is formed then a thin layer of mixed impression plaster is placed in the special tray (thickness of 1-1.5 mm) that is filled and seated into the patient mouth where it is allowed to set. After the material has set it is removed from the mouth, washed free of saliva, and then the surface of the impression is painted with a separating medium (e.g, alcoholic solutions of varnish), Failure to do so results in bonding the cast to the surface of the impression material. Properties: 1. Setting time 4+ 1 minutes. 2. The mixed impression plaster has very low viscosity which makes it possible to take impressions with a minimum force on the soft tissues (mucostatic technique). 3. It is hydrophilic (patient complain very dry sensation after having an impression because of the water absorption nature of this material) and thus adapts readily to soft tissue recording their surface details with great accuracy. 4, The material is best used in a special try made of acrylic. 5. Very good dimensional stability. 6. A separating medium must be used between the cast and the impression plaster (rinse the impression plaster with solution of sodium alginate or soap with water before pouring the cast or using alcoholic solutions of varnish). 7. Unpleasant taste. 8. Rarely used these days as they are brittle and fractures very easily. Scanned with CamScannerAdvantages: 1. It reproduces good surface detail. 2. The rate of the set is under the control of the operator (4 + 1 minutes). 3. Good Dimensional stability and accuracy if used with an antiexpansion solution. 4. Compatible with all materials commonly used for making casts. 5. Stable on storage over a long time if it is kept in a sealed condition. 6. Relatively inexpensive and easy to manipulate. 7. Easy to manipulate. + Drawbacks 1. Set impression is brittle and may fracture when removed from undercut areas. 2. Bad taste and rough feel. 3. Water absorbing nature of these materials often causes patients to complain about a very dry sensation after the impression has been recorded. 4, Exothermic heat is disliked by many patients. 5, Requires a separator before pouring the cast in the lab, this may cause surface inaccuracy. 6. Able to flow to pharynges. Scanned with CamScanner2- Dental Impression Compound Thermoplastic material Composition 1- Resins and waxes: If resins and waxes are used on their own, tend to produce brittle material with tendency towards tackiness. 2- Plasticizers 3- Filler: they are added to: I. Overcome tackiness. Il. Control the degree of flow. Il. Minimize shrinkage due to thermal contracting. IV. Improve the rigidity of impression material. ‘Types of impression compound 1- Type I (lower fusing) impression compound: supplied either in sheets, sticks, or cones. * Sheet form material: is softened using a water bath, a temperature in range (55-60 °C) found to be ideal for kneading the material after it has been heated to ensure that it is at a uniform temperature. Storage in hot water should not be so long, because important constituents can be leached out. Overheating makes the compound sticky and difficult to handle. = Stick form material: is softened over a flame. The compound should not be allowed to boil, otherwise, the plasticizers are volatilized. 2- Type Il (higher fusing) tray compound: it is stiffer and has less flow than regular impression compound. = The difference in fusing temperature between type I and type II reflects a difference in the composition of thermoplastic components of each (waxes and resins). Uses 1+ Type I (sheet form) impression compound: is used for recording primary impressions of the edentulous ridge using a stock tray. 2+ Type I (stick form) impression compound: is used for border molding of an acrylic special tray during the filling of the tray. 3+ Type Il tray compound: used to make a special tray (now largely replaced by acrylic tray). Scanned with CamScannerProperties 1- It is muco-compressive and the most viscous impression material used, therefore; the reproduction of surface details is not very good. 2+ Not used to record undercuts (it is rigid once cooled) 3- Poor dimensional stability. The material has a high value of coefficient of thermal expansion and undergoes considerable shrinkage on removal from the mouth. Also, because of the pressure that is applied during impression taking, the Dental compound has low thermal conductivity, therefore it must be given enough time during heating or cooling to allow dental compound to come to uniform temperature. 4- The material can be reused a number of times (for the same patient only) in case of errors. Inaccurate portions can be remade without having to make the entire impression. 3- Wax as an impression Impression waxes are rarely used to record complete impressions but are used to correct small imperfections in another impression. These materials consist of low-melting paraffin wax and beeswax in a ratio of about 3:1. Waxes have a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than any material used in restorative dentistry. 4- Zinc oxide eugenol impression material Zinc oxide and eugenol combination is widely used in dentistry for: 1- Cementing and insulating medium. 2- Temporary filling. 3+ Root canal filling. 4- Surgical pack in periodontal surgical procedures. 5- Bite registration paste. 6- Temporary relining material for dentures. 7- Impression material for edentulous patients. Scanned with CamScannerClassification of Zinc Oxide Eugenol impression material: 1, Type I or hard. 2. Type Il or soft. They are available in paste form as two pastes ‘© Base paste (white color). ‘* Accelerator or reactor or catalyst paste. Composition - Zine Oxide (reactive component), takes part in the setting reaction, zinc oxide should Contain a slight amount of water. Fixed vegetable or mineral oil acts as a plasticizer. Eugenol (reactive component). Gum or polymerized resin, speeds the reaction. - Resinous balsam improves flow and mixing properties. CaClz acts as an accelerator of the setting. Setting Reaction : Zinc oxide + Eugenol 22, Zinc eugenol + Zinc oxide (un-reacted) The set material consists of a mixture of amorphous zine eugenol matrix which holds un-reacted zine oxide particles together. Properties 1. Setting time Initial setting time Final setting time Type I 3-6 min 10 min Type Il 3-6 min 15 min Factors controlling setting time (ways to control Setting time): i. By varying lengths of the pastes, this is not recommended. ii, Setting time can be decreased by adding zinc acetate, or a drop of water, or acetic acid. iii, _ Longer mixing time, shorten the setting time. iv. High atmospheric temperature and humidity shorten the setting time. v. Cooling the mixing the mixing slab and the spatula, or adding a small amount of oil or waxes, will delay the setting time 2. It registers surface details accurately due to the good flow. The material has muco- static properties (recording tissue in an uncompressed state). 3. Once it sets, the material is rigid; so it cannot be used to take impressions for the teeth or undercuts. 4. It requires a special tray to make an impression. Scanned with CamScanner5, It has the advantage of being dimensionally stable. A negligible shrinkage (less than 0.1%) may occur during setting. 6. No separating medium is needed before stone pouring, as it does not stick to the cast material. 7. The paste tends to adhere to the skin, so the skin around the lips should be protected with petroleum jelly (Vaseline) to make the cleaning process much easier. 8. Eugenol can cause a burning sensation and tissue irritation. A non-eugenol paste was developed, where the zinc oxide reacted with carboxylic acid. 9, It can be checked in the mouth repeatedly without deforming. Manipulation The mixing is done on an oil-impervious paper or glass slab. Equal lengths of the base paste and catalyst paste are squeezed on the mixing slab and mixed until a uniform color is observed. Mixing time is 1 minute. Uses 1. Final impression of edentulous ridge. 2. Occlusal bite registration. Scanned with CamScanner