CONTENTS

SL Particulars PG
NO
NO
1 Procedure for construction
2 Plan
3 details Reinforcement
3.1 Beam
3.2 Column
3.3 Slab
4 On -Site observation
Shuttering or formwork for slab, beam and
staircase
5 Shuttering or formwork for column
6 Brick Work
Electrical work
8 Plumbing
9 Plastering
RMC
Concrete Mixer
12 Chipping
13 Spacing in reinforcement (slab)
14 Nominal cover
15 Lateral ties Spacing ,uses
16 Stirrup spacing ,uses
17 Doors
18 UPVC Windows
19 Curing

Concrete Mixer:
Fig 1 –mixer, Fig 2-Handle, Fig 3- Hopper, Fig 4- cylinder with blades
1)In the site the above mixer used to make concrete for columns
2)Here the cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are taken in ratio 1:2:3

3)Using handle we rotate the cylinder

4)Using the Hopper we place all the items in cylinder

5)W
e add water of required (generally for above ratio we take 0.5 proportion)

6)The blade in cylinder helps us to mix the concrete homogenously

 Shuttering or formwork for Slab and Beam and Staircase
Shuttering is utilized as a temporary Mould into which concrete is poured to get the
required concrete structural shape on the construction site. Shuttering concrete is done to
give the concrete a form while it sets, preventing leaks, cracks, or uneven surfaces
Fig 1: Slab Shuttering work starts from placing and fixing wooden pieces with
scaffolding tie rods on columns
Fig 2: Steel Shuttering Prop Jack is used to support shutter boxes from below

Here in above figure, we can see jack screw which can be adjusted to required height
Fig 3: Preparing for channel placement on which shutter boxes where laid
 FIGURE –4

FIGURE-5 FIGURE-6 FIGURE-7

Fig 4: Ready for channels placing to support the shutter boxes from below
Note: Here steels nails are used to join the shutter boxes to wooden pieces and shutter
boxes have already holes to place the nails.
Fig 5: It Shows the beam shuttering
Fig 6: sometimes we use reinforcement bars between shutter boxes
Fig 7: Bottom view after placing shutter boxes on the channels

Figure –8 Figure – 9

Fig –8: Here the laborer was applying oil on shutter boxes, to prevent the shutter boxes
sticking to concrete after casting.
Fig-9: Here wooden pieces were used in shuttering because sometimes the room
dimensions will not have exact shutter boxes to fit. So wooden pieces were cut on sight
and placed as required.

Figure-10 Figure-11

Fig 10: Monolithically the Staircase Shuttering will be done along with slab.
Fig 11: Different sizes of shutter boxes were used. Here 3ft/1ft and 3ft/9ft and 2ft/2ft
were in picture.
 Figure –12,13

The shutter boxes will be placed either on channels or on jacks

Generally, the jacks were placed at a minimum distance of 3ft
NOTE: Finally, the small gaps between shutter boxes, if present they will be covered by
using tape and it will be removed after casting.

Ready-mix concrete (RMC)

Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according

to each specific job requirement, then delivered to the job site "ready to use".

Types of ready-mix concrete

Depending on the various material used during mixing.
 Transit mixed concrete (materials are batched at a central plant and then mixed
thoroughly in the truck during transit.)
  Shrink mixed concrete (partially mixed at the plant to reduce the volume of the
mixture.)
 Central mixed concrete (properly mixed before loading into the truck mixer.)
Advantages of ready-mix concrete
 The concrete produced is of better quality.
 Storage of material at the construction site is not required.
 Reduces labor cost
 Reduces air and noise pollution at the site
 Environment friendly
 avoids delay of construction work
 Wastage of material at the worksite is avoided.
Limitations
 large amount to be invested initially
 RMC is not suitable for a small project
 effective transportation system is required
 The mixture must be used within the time.

NOTE: In our site RMC is used for slab ,beams and staircase
1)During night times only RMC is placed Because construction site is in a commercial
area which has transportation problems during daytime due to traffic.
2)Admixtures were used to increase setting time.
3)Shuttering labor is also present during placing of RMC because sometimes due to
improper fixing of shuttering boxes some of them may lose the joints so concrete falls
down.
4)Before the RMC truck came Motor Pumps and the pipes were fitted in site.
 FIGURE 14
FIGURE15

FIG 14: Motar for transferring concrete from truck to required floor.
FIG 15: As work done during night-time Lights were used.

Electrical work in Slab and

Chipping for placing electrical pipes inside rooms
 Electrical Plan Drawing
PROCEDURE:
1)For every flat they have separate electrical drawings and markings were done according
to that plan given.
2)For Slab, the Pipes used were 2mm thick and 25mm size Dia PVC Pipes should be
used for residential purpose.
3)Pipes were cut according to lengths and the joints were joined by the couplings with
glue watertight.
4)Wall drops should be carefully observed considering concrete cover

FIGURE-16 FIGURE-17
FIGURE-18 FIGURE-19 FIGURE-20

FIGURE-21
FIGURE-16: A cover with sand is kept below the junction box in slab because of that
there will be no settling of concrete so that we can take connections for that room that’s
the reason cover with sand is kept below the junction box

FIGURE-17: Before the concrete is poured, the ceiling Conduits must be laid in the
prepared shutter works of the ceiling slab. - Pipes, junction boxes, components, joints,
etc. should be placed along the pipes.
Use a deep junction box for fan, spotlight, surface mounted lighting fixtures and cable
pulling.

FIGURE-18: We are checking that the junction box is kept as per per plan or not it can
slightly vary.
The junction box should keep in middle of the room.

FIGURE-19: we are checking that electrical connections are given as per dimension
given in plan or not.

FIGURE -20: we can look that hole is given for switch board.

FIGURE-21: after completing steel work they are doing electrical work as per give in
plan