RECAP OF LAST

MEETING
The HumanEnvironment

The human body as a heat engine

How food is processed into useful substances
and funneled into the bloodstream while the
wastes are discharged.
The importance of the body temperature and
how they are achieved to maintain metabolism.
Why we need WATER and AIR – the oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
What the body needs to cool and warm itself.
 PLANNING 3:
HUMANS IN THEIR ECOLOGICAL SETTING

AR163-A71/B71
Ar. Don G. De Vera, uap
At the end of the lesson you must be able to:

1. Understand the relationship of human and

their natural, social and built environment.

2. Learn the different human ecological

concepts.
Human Ecology - is the interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary study of the
relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments.

System:
Ecology as a discipline was technically born when Ernst Haeckel used the
word "oekologie" in 1866 to describe the study of an organism’s
relationship to its environment.
Human Ecology – is composed of concept from ecology like
interconnectivity, community behavior, and spatial organization.
A. Concentric Zone model
• Also known as The Burgess Model, The Bull's Eye
Model
• Developed in the 1920's by the urban sociologist
Ernest Burgess.
• The model portrays how cities social groups are
spatially arranged in a series of rings.
• The size of the rings may vary, but the order always
remains the same.
Concentric Zone model
Sociology
Psychology
Social Psychology
Human Ecology
Julian Haynes Steward (January 31, 1902 – February 6, 1972) was an
American anthropologist known best for his role in developing "the concept
and method" of cultural ecology, as well as a scientific theory of culture
change.
Psychological ecology – field that expanded a persons environment to include
their mental representation of it and focused on studying peoples behavior under
field conditions instead of in controlled laboratory setting.

1960’s – Ecological concepts started to become integrated into the applied fields,
namely architecture, landscape architecture, and planning.

• Ian McHarg – called for a future

when all planning would be “human
ecological planning” by default,
always bound up in human’s
relationship with their
environments.
 Influential scholars who
contributed to Human Ecology
The following are some of the influential scholars who contributed
to human Ecology:

• Harlan H. Barrows – was a geographer who

considered human ecology to be unique field of
geography.

• Robert Ezra Park was an urban sociologist who

considered human ecology as the study of the
relationship between biotic balance and
social equilibrium.
• Kurt Lewin, a psychologist, worked for the US
government during World War II to change
people's attitudes toward rationing.

• Kenneth E. Boulding, an economist, saw a

strong correlation between economics and
ecology based around five basic similarities
between the two:
1) Both study individuals as members of a species
2) Both have a concept of equilibrium
3) Both involve a system exchange
4) Both imply some concept of development.
5) Both are subject to their equilibriums distorted by
policy
• Julian Steward – an anthropologist,
emphasized the role that culture has in
explaining the nature of human societies.

• Roderick D. McKenzie was a sociologist

associated with the University of Chicago.
• was an influential player in the development of Human
Ecology. He was the fourth president of Society for
Human Ecology (SHE) and is considered one of SHE’s
founders.

• Ian McHarg was a landscape architect and writer on

regional planning using natural systems. He was the
founder of the department of landscape architecture at
the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. His
1969 book Design with Nature pioneered the
concept of ecological planning.
• Rusong Wang, an urban systems ecologist at the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, defines human ecology, in
Chinese terms as the science of the living state or
dynamics of the human being, driven by objective and
subjective factors.

• Dieter Steiner, at the Swiss Federal Institute of

Technology, had a vision of how to combat the
global environmental crises by integrating the
sciences with outside disciplines,
understanding our evolutionary past, and
developing personal integration and relatedness to the
world outside the self.
• Gregory Bateson, generally known as a British
anthropologist, contributed to human ecology in
the realm of the ecology of mind.

• Stephen Vickers Boyden contributed to human

ecology while at the Australia National University
working on a comprehensive study of Hong Kong's
unique human ecological situation.
Human ecological concepts
come from ecology
Many human ecological concepts come from ecology:

1. Interaction - as an assumption that everything interacts with other

things and a basis for all further analysis.
Many human ecological concepts come from ecology:

2. Levels of integration
Many human ecological concepts come from ecology:

3. Human ecology expands functionalism from ecology to the human mind.

4. Diversity and stability
5. Systems analysis
6. Spatial analysis
7. A gestalt perspective or holistic viewpoint
• Monodisciplinary
•

• Multidisciplinary
• Interdisciplinary
•

• Transdisciplinary
END