1.

COMPLETION DESIGN

Below, is a completion design of our well showing it depth and the various equipments that
were used. This type of completion is commonly used for horizontal wells and is called a
cemented and perforated liner with the cementation done through the annular space. This a
very expensive type of completion because it requires the tubing of the entire well. The fluids
from the formation will flow through the perforations.

Apart form the casings three (03) other set of equipment are very important in this
downhole design. These are the packers, the SSSV and the Choke. The packers are used here
for zonal isolation and production control. They help to ensure that the production fluids
such as oil, gas and water reach the surface. The SSSV also known as Sub Surface Safety
 Valves are design to automatically close when certain conditions are met, such as a sudden
drop in pressure or the detection of hydrocarbons in the annulus. They help to prevent
blowouts, Protect the wellbore from damage and protect the well integrity. Lastly, the choke
which a device that controls the flow of fluids. Chokes work by constricting the flow path,
which increases the pressure drop across the choke and reduces the flow rate. The amount
of restriction can be adjusted by changing the size of the opening in the choke.

The graph above is a True Vertical Depth (TVD) v. Horizontal displacement graph show casing the
depth of the drilled well. TVD refers to the measurement from the surface to the bottom of the
borehole (or anywhere along its length) in a straight perpendicular line. It is important for the well
integrity preventing well damage and well planning by designing well trajectories. Horizontal
displacement (HD) is the distance the well was built with horizontally after deviating from the vertical
path. The graph shows that there is a positive correlation between TVD and HD. This means that as
the HD of a wellbore increases, the TVD of the wellbore also increases. The interpretation of this
graph helps us to determine our wellbore depth and plan the trajectory to reach our desire target.

The Perforation design above shows the design of the bottom of the well with the perforations in
red, the damaged zone by the drilling fluid in orange, the the undamaged zone in yellow, the bored
hole in brown, the brine from the perforation gun in blue and the cement from the annulus
cementation in gray. The Csg EH refers to the inner diameter of the casing and tubing used in oil and
gas wells. The casing and tubing are pipes that are installed in the wellbore to provide structural
support, prevent the wellbore from collapsing, and to allow for the production of oil and gas. The
diameter of the casing and tubing is an important factor in determining the production rate of a well.
A larger diameter casing and tubing will allow for a greater flow of oil and gas. However, a larger
diameter casing and tubing will also be more expensive to install. A deeper well will require a larger
diameter casing and tubing to accommodate the higher pressure and temperature of the formation
fluids. A well with a higher expected production rate will also require a larger diameter casing and
tubing to allow for the greater flow of oil and gas.

The AOF here in in2/ft is called the Annular Overfill Filter. In drilling operations, an Annular Overfill
Filter (AOF) is a filtration device installed in the annulus between the casing and the tubing of a
wellbore. It is used to remove contaminants from the drilling fluid and prevent them from entering
the wellbore and potentially damaging the formation. The AOF also helps to protect the casing and
tubing from corrosion.

2. PVT Analysis

Below is a phase diagram of our reservoir with the following lines :

 The dew line

 The bubble line
 The water line
 The ice line
 The hydrate line

The dew line is the point in the graph at which the first bubbles of gas appear and the last drop of
liquid dissappear. The bubble line is the point in the graph at which the first drop of liquid appears
and the last bubble of gas dissappear.

The water line represents the boundary between the two-phase region (where both liquid and vapor
phases coexist) and the single-phase vapor region. It indicates the minimum pressure required for
the reservoir fluid to exist as a vapor at a given temperature.The water line is important for
understanding the behavior of reservoir fluids during production. If the reservoir pressure is below
the water line, the reservoir fluid will condense into a liquid, which can reduce the flow of oil and gas
to the well. This is known as retrograde condensation.

The ice line represents the boundary between the two-phase region (where both ice and liquid water
coexist) and the single-phase liquid water region. It indicates the minimum temperature required for
the reservoir fluid to exist as liquid water at a given pressure. Below the ice line, the reservoir fluid
exists as a single-phase liquid water, while above the ice line, it exists as a two-phase mixture of ice
and liquid water. The ice line is important for understanding the behavior of reservoir fluids during
production, particularly in subsea environments where the reservoir temperature may be close to
the freezing point of water. If the reservoir temperature drops below the ice line, the reservoir fluid
will freeze into ice, which can plug the wellbore and prevent the flow of oil and gas. This is known as
hydrate formation.

The hydrate line represents the boundary between the two-phase region (where both hydrate and
vapor phases coexist) and the single-phase vapor region. It indicates the minimum pressure required
for the reservoir fluid to form hydrates at a given temperature. Above the hydrate line, the reservoir
fluid exists as a single-phase vapor, while below the hydrate line, it exists as a two-phase mixture of
hydrate and vapor. Hydrates are a solid crystalline structure that forms when water molecules
combine with gas molecules, such as methane or ethane, under high pressure and low temperature.
Hydrate formation can be a major problem in natural gas production, as it can plug up wellbores and
pipelines, reducing or even stopping the flow of gas.

The critical point phase diagram is a graphical representation of the thermodynamic relationship
between the temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance. It is used to understand the
behavior of a substance as it transitions between different phases, such as from a liquid to a gas or
from a gas to a solid. The critical point is the point on the phase diagram where the liquid and gas
phases become indistinguishable from each other. At the critical point, the substance exists in a
single phase called a supercritical fluid. Supercritical fluids have properties of both liquids and gases,
such as the ability to dissolve solids like gases and the ability to flow like liquids.
In the context of a phase diagram for a reservoir fluid, the flash point is not typically represented as a
specific line or curve. Instead, the flash point is a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the
reservoir fluid is sufficient to form a flammable mixture with air in the presence of an ignition source.

This means that the reservoir fluid is more likely to ignite and combust at temperatures above its
flash point. The flash point is an important safety consideration for handling and storing reservoir
fluids, particularly those with lower flash points. It is also important for understanding the behavior
of reservoir fluids during production, as flashing can occur when the pressure of the reservoir fluid is
reduced, potentially leading to the formation of flammable vapors.

The graph above a Temperature v. Measured Depth. The relationship between temperature and
measured depth (MD) in a petroleum well is typically represented by a temperature gradient curve.
This curve shows how the temperature changes with depth. The temperature gradient curve is
typically based on the geothermal gradient, which is the average rate at which the temperature
increases with depth in a given region. The difference between the temperature and the ambient
temperature segment outlet is that the layer represents the formation temperature and the other
one the production temperature.
 The figure above show case two (02) set of graphs. The Pressure v. Measure depth graph
represents the pressure in the formation as the depth increases. The pressure increases with
the depth increase until it stales at 4200 psia. As for the stock tank oil flow rate it increases
with the pressure until it reaches a peak and becomes constant.

3. NODALE ANALYSIS

The graph above is a Well performance graph show casing two curves : the VLP curve in red
and the IPR curve in blue. They are use to determine the operating point during production.