Subject: Science Class: V Chapter 1: Solids, Liquid and Gases

Glossary:

 Matter: The matter is any substance around us that occupies space and has mass. Examples : iron rod,
plastic bag, air, water, rocks etc.
 Molecules: All matter is made up of very small particles called molecules.
 Atoms: Each molecule of a matter has two or smaller units called atoms. Atoms are known as building blocks
of matter.
 Solid: Solid is any material that has a fixed shape and volume. The reason for this is because the molecules
are tightly packed together which does not allow them to move. Example: Table, Books, pencils, trees,
crystals of sugar etc.
 Liquid: Liquid is any material that does not have a fixed shape. The particles in liquids are loosely packed
which allows them to move easily. Thus, they take the shape of the container in which they are poured. But
they are packed densely enough that volume is maintained. Example: Milk, water, oil etc
 Gas: Gas is a matter that is composed of very loosely packed articles; therefore they can freely move
around. They do not have a fixed shape or volume. It can flow freely and assumes all the space or volume of
its container.
Example: air and cooking gas
 Solution: A solution is a mixture in which substances are completely dissolved. It can be defined as a special
type of mixture where two or more substances are combined in such a way that they evenly spread and mix
with each other.
Example: sugar mixed with water becomes a solution.
 Solute: The substance which is soluble in other substances is called a solute. Solute is the component of the
solution which is present in small amounts.
 Solvent: A substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent. Solvent is the component of solution
which is present in large amounts.
 Soluble substances: Substances that dissolve completely in water to form solutions are termed as soluble
substances. For example: Salt, ethanol and sugar are soluble in water.
 Insoluble substances: Substances that do not dissolve in a liquid to form solutions are called insoluble
substances. For example: oil, sand, chalk are insoluble in water.
 Physical change: A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties such as
shape, size, color, and state is called a physical change.
 Chemical change: A chemical change is a change of materials into another, new materials with different
properties and one or more than one new substance are formed.