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Thomas E. Tsovilis
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Abstract--The maximum shielding failure current of overhead In the present study a new ATPDraw [2] object has been
transmission lines is an important parameter in evaluating the developed by using MODELS language [3], [4], with the aid
shielding performance of the lines and performing insulation of which the maximum shielding failure current of overhead
coordination studies of the connected substations. A new
transmission lines is generated, with an amplitude depending
ATPDraw object has been developed, by using MODELS
language, that easily generates the maximum shielding failure on line geometry and selected lightning attachment model and
current of overhead transmission lines, with amplitude and waveshape in accordance with CIGRE [5]. The new object,
waveshape depending on line geometry and selected lightning called MSFC, has been applied to a typical 150 kV line of the
attachment model. The new object, called MSFC, was employed Hellenic transmission system on the basis of several lightning
in ATP-EMTP simulations of a 150 kV GIS substation. The attachment models; there is a great variability in maximum
computed shielding failure surges impinging on the substation, shielding failure current, in terms of both amplitude and
being dependent upon maximum shielding failure current, vary
waveshape, among lightning attachment models. Furthermore,
considerably among lightning attachment models. The MSFC
object is a useful tool within the ATP-EMTP environment in the MSFC object was employed in ATP-EMTP [6]
assessing the shielding failure surges arising at overhead simulations to demonstrate the dependence of the computed
transmission lines and impinging on the connected substations. overvoltages impinging on a 150 kV GIS substation upon
maximum shielding failure current of the connected
Keywords: ATP-EMTP, ATPDraw, GIS substation, insulation transmission lines. The computed overvoltages vary
coordination, lightning surges, maximum shielding failure significantly among lightning attachment models used in
current, MODELS, overhead transmission lines.
simulations; this variation has been easily quantified with the
aid of the new ATPDraw object.
I. INTRODUCTION
( ) ( ) ( )
0.6 2 2 2
Z. G. Datsios, P. N. Mikropoulos and T. E. Tsovilis are with the High Voltage ∆R = hm − h p tan α , Γ = hm hp , Ψ = hm − h p + ∆R
Laboratory, Department of Electrical Energy, School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Generic models [19]-[24]
Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124 Greece. (e-mail: zdatsios@auth.gr, 1
( ) ( ) ⎤⎥ F
pnm@eng.auth.gr, tsovilis@ee.auth.gr). ⎡ h − h tan α −ζ hG − hG
= ⎢⎢
m p m p
I MSF (3)
Paper submitted to the International Conference on Power Systems
Transients (IPST2011) in Delft, the Netherlands June 14-17, 2011 ⎣⎢ (
ξ hm − h p
E E
) ⎥
⎦⎥
Statistical model [25]-[27] S N = S m t f I MSF (10)
1
I MSF = ⎢
⎡ ( )
hm − h p tan α + 0.01hm1.3 ⎤ 0.65
⎥ (4)
In (7)-(10) IMSF (kA) is the maximum shielding failure
⎢ 2.72ln ( hm h p ) ⎥ current amplitude and Sm (kA/µs) is the maximum steepness.
⎣ ⎦
The shielding failure current wavetail is given as
where factors A, B, γ are given in Table I; factors ξ, E, F, ζ, G
are given in Table II; hm (m), hp (m), are the height of the I = I1 exp ⎡⎣ − ( t − tn ) t1 ⎤⎦ − I 2 exp ⎡⎣ − ( t − tn ) t2 ⎤⎦ (11)
shield wire and phase conductor, respectively, and α is the
where I1 (kA), I2 (kA), t1 (µs) and t2 (µs) are constants
shielding angle.
expressed by (12), (13), (14) and (15), respectively, th (µs) is
TABLE I the time to half value.
FACTORS A, B AND γ TO BE USED IN (1)
TABLE IV
SURGE ARRESTER CHARACTERISTICS