1.

Among the historical drivers and consequences of globalization, which of

these events for you is the most POTENT contributor of societal inequality,
discrimination, and economic exploitation?

For me, the most potent contributor to societal inequality, discrimination, and
economic exploitation in the context of globalization is the Age of exploration and history
of colonialism. During this period, European powers embarked on voyages of
exploration to discover new lands and exploit their resources. This exploitation often
involved the extraction of natural resources, such as minerals, precious metals, and
agricultural products, which enriched colonial powers while impoverishing indigenous
populations. Also, the Colonial powers imposed hierarchies based on race, ethnicity,
and socioeconomic status, which perpetuated discrimination and marginalization long
after colonial rule ended. The consequences of colonialism have been profound and
far-reaching. It resulted in the systematic marginalization and disenfranchisement of
indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups, the disruption and destruction of
traditional economies and social structures, and the perpetuation of racial, ethnic, and
socioeconomic hierarchies. The impacts of colonialism continue to be felt in the present
day, its legacy continues to shape global patterns of inequality, with many former
colonies experiencing persistent poverty, underdevelopment, and political instability,
while former colonial powers often enjoy economic prosperity and political influence.
Many former colonial powers continue to benefit from the wealth and resources
extracted from their former colonies, while the populations of these countries often
struggle with poverty, underdevelopment, and political instability.

2. Which among the theories of globalization (Modernization, Dependency,

World Systems) provided you a better perspective about its benefits and/or
consequences?

Among the theories of globalization, the World Systems Theory provides a

comprehensive perspective on both the benefits and consequences of globalization.
One of the key insights of this theory is its emphasis on the unequal distribution of
wealth and power between core, semi-periphery and peripheral nations. From this
perspective, globalization is understood as a process driven by the expansion of
capitalism and the unequal distribution of economic power among nations. Core
countries benefit from globalization by dominating global markets, exploiting cheap
labor and resources in peripheral countries, and maintaining control over the
international financial system. However, this system also perpetuates inequality and
exploitation, as peripheral countries are often marginalized and disadvantaged in the
global economy. The benefits of globalization, such as increased economic growth,
technological innovation, and cultural exchange, are often concentrated in core
countries and among privileged socioeconomic groups within those countries.
Meanwhile, the consequences of globalization, including economic inequality,
environmental degradation, and cultural homogenization, are disproportionately borne
by peripheral countries and marginalized communities.

3. Pick one (1) of the claims of globalization that Manfred Steger developed
and briefly discuss if the claim does align or coincide with your own idea of
the phenomenon.

One of the claims of Manfred Steger asserts that globalization is inevitable and
irreversible. It suggests that the processes of economic integration, cultural exchange,
and technological advancement that characterize globalization are unstoppable and will
continue to shape our world regardless of efforts to resist or reverse them. Steger's
assertion is rooted in the observation of various interconnected trends, such as
advancements in technology, the liberalization of trade and finance, the spread of ideas
and culture, and the increasing mobility of people and goods. These trends have
contributed to the breaking down of barriers between nations and the creation of a more
interconnected and interdependent global system.

In considering Steger's claim in relation to my own understanding of

globalization, I find merit in the idea that globalization is indeed a powerful and
pervasive force that has reshaped the world in profound ways. The interconnectedness
and interdependence fostered by globalization have undeniable implications for
economies, cultures, and societies around the globe. However, while globalization is
indeed a powerful and pervasive force that has transformed the world, it is not
necessarily inevitable or irreversible. While technological advancements and economic
interdependence may create momentum towards greater globalization, there are also
countervailing forces and challenges that can shape the trajectory of globalization. For
example, social movements, advocacy groups, and grassroots initiatives have the
potential to challenge and reshape the dynamics of globalization by advocating for
alternative visions of global justice, sustainability, and solidarity.