Question Bank ESP [22633]

Q.1 Attempt any Four

a) Write any four needs of 132 kV/33 kV substation.
• Power Transformer
• Lightning Arrester
• Current Transformer
• Potential Transformer
• Isolators
• Control & Relay Panel
• Capacitor Bank
b) Suggest the suitable method of neutral grounding in 132 kV/33 kV substation with its any
two specific reasons.
1. Resistance Grounding Method:
• Limiting Ground Fault Currents
• Reducing Transient Over voltages
2. Reactance Grounding method.
• Fault Current Limitation
• Resilience to Single Line-to-Ground Faults

c) Draw neat labelled single line diagram of 33 kV substation

 Question Bank ESP [22633]

d) List any four important safety practices followed during

routine maintenance of GIS substation.
• Use nonconductive, lint-free materials
• Dispose of materials properly
• Store flammable chemicals in approved areas:
• Keep fire extinguishers nearby:
• Ensure equipment is deenergized:

• Earthed on all sides:

• Barricade the work-zone:
• Wear protective clothing:
e) List the material used to enhance earthing resistance in rocky land.
• Bentonite Clay: A natural clay that absorbs water and swells, creating a conductive path around
the grounding electrode .
• Coke Breeze: A byproduct of coal processing that is highly conductive
• Ground Enhancement Compound: A specially engineered mixture of conductive materials,
typically containing graphite or metallic particles.
f) List any two advantages of GIS substation.
1. Safe: GIS are very safe & working people are protected by the earthed metal enclosures.
Although the Substation in operational state the Operating people can touch the section.
2. Reliable: The whole enclosure of all alive parts safeguards alongside any impairment of the
insulation scheme.
3. Space Saving: SF6 switchgear setting up take up only 10% of the space essential for the
conservative installations
h) Explain with neat sketch functioning of
(I) Wave trap
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(II) PLCC
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 Question Bank ESP [22633]

Q.2 Attempt any Three

a) List out any eight routine maintenance activities in 33 kV/11 kV substation.
• Inspection: Check for oil leakage, oil levels, abnormal equipment noise, and civil structure
condition
• Earthing system: Check the system's proper earth values and continuity
• Oil insulation: Check the oil insulation value in all equipment
• Megger test: Carry out a megger test
• Oil level: Check the oil level in all equipment to ensure proper levels
• Bus bar: Clean the bus bar, check IR values, and tighten connections yearly
• Oil, main, and auxiliary contacts: Check these and replace if necessary at least once
every six months, or in MOCB
b) Illustrate any eight reasons of major fire risks within 132 kV/33 kV substation
1. Overloading of substation equipment.
2. Incorrect rating of switchgears.
3. Storage of highly flammable liquids.
4. Lack of proper maintenance.
5. Faulty equipment.
6. Arson.
7. Building insulation.
8. Damaged wiring.

c) Draw and explain working diagram of Earth Tester.

 Question Bank ESP [22633]

• An earth tester is a soil resistance measuring instrument that is used to measure the
resistance of the earth.
Working.
• Earth tester includes four terminals where two potential terminals which are
indicated with P1, and P2 and current terminals which are indicated with C1 and
C2.
• Earth electrode 'E' is connected to terminals C1 and P1 only by shorting while two
auxiliary electrodes P and C are connected to terminals P2 and C2 only.
• The potential and current coils of a PMMC instrument are connected so that the
voltage drop between the E and P electrodes can be applied across the potential coil
and the current flowing through the coil depends largely on the earth resistance.
• Whenever the DC generator is operated at its rated speed, the pointer of the moving
coil instrument will deflect and the earth tester specifies the earth resistance.
• The deflection of the pointer can be specified by the ratio of the voltage in the
potential coil as well as the current in the coil.

d) Draw schematic (single line) diagram of a 33 kV/11 kV substation and enlist any eight
equipment’s of it.
 Question Bank ESP [22633]

Equipment’s
• Transformers: Step down the 33 kV primary voltage to 11 kV for distribution
• Circuit breakers: Used in a 33/11 kV substation
• Isolators: Mechanical switches that can open or close a circuit
• Current and potential transformers: Used in a 33/11 kV substation
• Busbars: Used to connect generators or feeders operating at the same voltage
electrically
• Protective relays: Used in a 33/11 kV substation
• Surge arrestors: Also known as lightning arrestors, these devices protect equipment
from traveling waves by diverting high voltage to the ground.
• Earthing switch: Used in a 33/11 kV substation

e) Define the terms Touch Potential, Step Potential, Mesh Potential and Transferred
Potential in associated with substation.

• Step potential: The potential difference between the feet of someone standing near
an energized grounded object, with 0.5 m spacing between each step.
• Touch potential: The potential difference between the fingers of a raising hand
touching the faulted structure and the feet of the person standing on the substation
floor.
• Mesh potential: A term related to substation ground grids.
• Transferred potential: A term related to voltage drop along long linear objects.

f) Illustrate standard procedure to be carried out of Break Down Voltage (BDV) test on
power transformer oil
• The standard procedure to be carried out of Break Down Voltage (BDV) test on
power transformer oil is as follows:
• Take a sample of the insulating oil from the drain valve of the transformer.
• Pour the oil into a test cup.
• Place the test cup in a test chamber.
• Immerse two electrodes in the oil, separated by a specific gap. The gap is usually
2.5mm as per set standards.
• Apply a voltage to the electrodes and increase it slowly.
• Observe the voltage at which sparking occurs between the electrodes.
• This voltage is the breakdown voltage of the oil.
 Question Bank ESP [22633]

g) Describe procedure to undertake safe preventive maintenance in 132 kV substation.

The following procedure should be undertaken to undertake safe preventive maintenance
in a 132 kV substation:
• Prepare for the maintenance.: This includes notifying all affected personnel, de-
energizing the equipment to be worked on, and isolating it from all other energized
equipment.
• Inspect the equipment.: This includes looking for any signs of damage, wear, or
deterioration.
• Clean the equipment.: This includes removing any dirt, dust, or debris that could
accumulate and cause problems.
• Lubricate the equipment.: This includes applying oil or grease to all moving parts
to reduce friction and wear.
• Test the equipment.: This includes verifying that the equipment is operating
properly and safely.
• Insulation Testing: Perform insulation resistance tests to assess insulation
integrity.
• Make any necessary repairs or replacements.: This includes replacing any
damaged or worn parts.
• Energize the equipment and return it to service.: This should be done only after
all maintenance work has been completed and the equipment has been verified to
be safe.