Nicomachean ethics

The Highest Good: Aristotle begins by asserting that all human actions aim at some
end, and that the ultimate end is what we call "good." He argues that the highest
good must be something final and self-sufficient, which he identifies as happiness
(eudaimonia).
Happiness and Virtue: Aristotle defines happiness not as pleasure or wealth, but as a
state of flourishing achieved through living a life of virtue and rational activity in
accordance with reason. Virtue (arete) is excellence in character and
conduct(davranış), and he distinguishes between moral virtues (such as courage,
temperance, and justice) and intellectual virtues (such as wisdom and
understanding).
The Doctrine of the Mean(ortalama): Aristotle introduces the idea of the "doctrine
of the mean," which suggests that virtue lies in finding the middle ground between
extremes of deficiency and excess. For example, courage is the mean between
cowardice and recklessness, while temperance(ölçü) is the mean between
insensibility and intemperance.
The Role of Choice and Habit: Aristotle emphasizes the importance of choice and
habit in developing virtuous character. Virtue is not innate but acquired through
repeated actions and choices guided by reason.