Name: ALI BENJAMIN JOSEPH BOAZ

ID NO: 110-572

MODULE: BPH PRINCIPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CAT-2

QUESTION-ONE:

Indiscriminate disposal of refuse is a situation where refuse are dumped in any convenient place
whether at home, school, office, streets or market place not minding the environmental risk-
factors.

 Breeding of vector-borne diseases like mosquitoes, houseflies, lice tsetse flies,

cockroaches which transmit diseases like malaria, typhoid,
 Air pollution: Refuse dumps give rise to air pollution burnt openly.
 Indiscriminate dumping of refuse along streams and rivers sources can cause flooding
thereby leading to natural disasters.
 Fire disaster: Unguarded burning of refuse or indiscriminate throwing of cigarette stubs
into refuse dumps may cause fire disaster which can lead to serious destructions.
 Environmental incidents: some wastes will eventually rot, but not all, and in the process it
may smell or generate methane gas, which is explosive and contributes to the greenhouse
effect.
 Spread of water-borne diseases: poor waste disposal and poor environmental practices
such as indiscriminate waste disposal can encourage spread of liquid and solid waste with
in residential areas contributes increase in spread of water-borne disease.
 Epidemic outbreak: indiscriminate dumping of solid waste can constitute mild to
moderate illness, outbreak of diseases like cholera, typhoid fever, and other diseases.
 Unsound Environmental Sanitation: refuse dumpsites are converted to urinals and
defecation sites by the destitute, invaded by scavengers and animals and served as
breeding ground for disease vector.
 Water Pollution: Indiscriminate waste disposal can cause water pollution which can be
hazardous to human life and aquatic life.
 Soil Contamination/ degradation: it is caused by improper waste removal and disposal.
Some wastes that end up in landfills excrete hazardous chemicals that leak into soil. For
 example, plastic bottles when they eventually breakdown, they release DEHA, a
carcinogen that affects our reproduction systems, causes liver dysfunctions and weigh
loss.

QUESTION- TWO

 Residential Waste: Food wastes, plastics, textiles, wood, ashes, special wastes household
hazardous waste.
 Commercial stores: commercial stores like restaurants, markets, office buildings, hotels,
motels, print shops, service stations, auto repair shops, paper, cardboard, special wastes
and hazardous wastes.
 Health care waste: Health care waste includes all waste generated by health care
establishments, research facilities, and laboratories. Infectious waste, waste suspected to
contain pathogen.
 Industrial waste: industrial waste means solid waste generated by manufacturing or
industrial or processes. For example, electric power generation, leather and leather
products, organic chemicals.
 Institutional waste: schools, universities, hospitals, prisons, governmental centers same as
commercial, plus biomedical.