SOLTQ SATE PINSLCS
SuueUTe
ottice Hasis and ay3ial Jattie
lattice
Latticeow Spac 3dimontiona
UOnGemint Of þomdsm
THiSotiote ugulax
poiahove identical vthupOtndings.
m whch eveuy tóttice
o9r0up_of Otoms
sasiS+ (Gasis qnaybe a Shmgle alom
jdentialy dooveuy lattice point
whem basisis otiáohed,
0Quy9HalSuuature 1S forud.
SuuHuTd
Cy9lal Stuuatuye-Lottice osis= Cuy9La)
havis Lattice m 2 dimemaiomal Stuueturel
grtauis m1848 nuoduced ctne Comcept Of sþauiattia
odsuibe iSs
ucuro af auy9ia. A Spad Idttice Such
defredasan fafiniie snumbeu of þots m spau hese
mat yeuy pont hos idemtical guNOLndimgs.
Combe urplmiled stumbex of_Dossibte latticefanms.[3LU
uom ymne Ly opeuCHfom domsidestations, omy soi
m2-Dmaj
NASJAthiceyik ghero a 5 Guai9L{Krtieea
n8-0
ayis LaHoe iom 2dimemsidmA
REDI T
Date.
Page
Oblique buavis Lattice
2 guara uavis áice LutTand be cthe fundarmenil
kuamilational NNecHAAs in 2:0amdube che anale
be4uieena amdb
G eniCx SUaiamgula NedHQN eta oMd h he qhe fumda
TTrema uomAlation yedHo13n2-O amdrbe qhe opge
betweem alomd b
iY=90
urntite RecHamqula NecHOHt LA4 Oamd b be 4he
unddmeialy ugÝA IÜ tlornal yectosns mO-0iandr
dhe ngue befuwegmdandb6
Date-
Page
aQal BuaviS \attie:otaamd 6 be cthifirndamerta
0tionalS Neato% |N 220amd betHe aogIe between
aamd b.
120'
CStal Cubic Suvctúnub
Smple cubic stuucui:
Qlsides aD OQUalhi 4
a-b-C
oB-Y=EZ
eadh
conezs omd ejght 0eIS THILt
Eah eLhas ejght attie pomt betomgsto
Coine gheusoJQ om gHof a
is onl attice pont pcu LMt el
ach celL ghero
qieaustmeighboLA
Numbeu Nupbeu Of
OQudim attoA 0f
duyIallattice posicHon
dOundamy 1otticeþomt
Ouigim
eqmst aiopm uuidh suspect 10
t a i , taf tgr wiL Me Ct07
Coordimation
(1a,0,0) (0,t0,o) (O,0,1a n o u M A b e r t = L
a
DBtance betuleen ane n e a t s t LOmS
2 eXmptepoloniUN_
gUATCAER a
Dat
Ba Centes. Cvbic |attice Bc0: 9
Tbtalnunmbeu af lattice boimta in ary oni 9ellis
N8x+l=
NumbedOj meaust meighoouy apm) dis10me
wsn
Tbecooudinamis af chase
painrts
a d 9o ml-
ToHal nUmbeu>R
The disA0nce_ hetuwum.any
CHom is 4uO MeakUst meigbouy
4 (YocagmqfactoM
GOce cemed C
ubicldttice FcC .L
C hay eight
So coneA Ond .faces
40tanumboi.of Jattice poisUs
ne selLis
betonging to
AlLALD AMERA
Date
Pagc
ONeaustneighbouN
1omA distamo with
hesitidn
sshat to Quigim
COQudiotion Numbeu-12
TUQUStiHeighb0ungis
digtQcnce heitUn 2
twO
ghe
2 12 A
ri
2,U 2 A iA
tolattice and Mile gndices-
gggroaat 0
AQUyg1al \attce maybe sdgauced a8dthe 1attice
þosamg gHuough:
diffeunt seAOf poudllel janen paultioulaM_
pormsuehasJach JeLof pasLallel_biame hoa
anddisationwith refeumceto co0kldimai
nAOtlon
Lnes ghoWn mfigtr uill
appeau.os Þiames when
900n4isejeanded 4o -D.
lnhiem is hous to
designon cthe. oujetation1 and dire.atiom Of.these bau
Set D ystal planes plileu evoIveda meshod to
desigma te Qujemtational nd disu atiom OF hauallel
set of piames itnsuspeat tol q0audiMaHe dig by
thru unmberis tinlegens) aaled Mile mdices.
u s 40 fmd meM Indices Ofa blame
JHep:q hke a polyt O a40m a Orjgim.amd.consjuuot
Th coaldimate ais. Firmd qhe mH C«ÞAs 0f qhe Pj
diomqqhroM dooudirna1e gais
3 2 2a
e Exprtss dbe iniuuCopas ab mulible 26t
of a,b amda
2 2
a 20 3o
teppy Kedueeyeoiprocalsi of
mte cepas imto 9maljosti
eofimiegers im qne 3ane látio btmuipgJ
Q
N E
Date
Page
Smallst ssetioj miegns m He þaMamthbis
naose ¢He
wlill get mil|e maice
and we
,
dolioayo MileN mdieest
djreHon_peuperdi.culauto(h.k
LAn Cudc Cuy910| dhe
Lh4]is Ahe tinepeubendi
bi [b,u,11. ie
upusemted
Mtuodued mbetuleem dhe mdids o
LNO COmmas asA
but whem milleundioesof
rgte digit iero,g.
by
ldne ad of double _digit, chebe aw.sepaIqLed
(2.41.6r83)epresemiAHe Same
SDe miljeH fodiceN_
piarme
DiStane bejuweentattice plames ina cublc cuystal ou
niopionex Spacing
0md
00.0z bi thull muluall peupendiaUIaN limes
toun coanteaiarn aooudhaafe qystem as ahouw
N
Corkkkn wO. pauatlel plomeone po
ugh chuDugho1ot Ahowm in Hguu
Chc plne pauallel t0cHisplome
Are A
Da Toy
Page
L (hik,J) becthe gnillen ndices A 0
planeAGC. qhe cc0.udimoea 0f
poim A.Bamde drd
ec0.0.0l
(h O.00oamd o.0
UspeaciNeIY
0tON=d qiameten[disi0mee)i
be ween2 pauallel
pjames
b Ovbe-0maleN Tndde byONLUich 0o0,0y,07
0ga coa8, dDSY Loillbe qhe
drecdionN Ofloe ON
o uiamqie AONA
CoS=QN ON OAC03Qa
h
Similauy
d cosplegm
2
dio (m
dcO8
h
eUA ANA ecymg egy
Date
Page
(0qG)
Le5)-
oS dh COSB= dK dOsY= d9(eg
b
emq quaction 6 OAmd meguorion{1)
anHaubicgHOteiqzb=0uilrncui
+K2412).
g2
daa
Ray diffuacmion amd Baggs aut lu
ALauem 1912 Sugguied cthat Xuays aam beidifuadiea.
CpAat Lase fiheduidh.omdiktipping.Su0Ot
nmkaed cthe.difkoctiom by X-ygybyinScthe
agarde
b i9,waejemghA)
a m e Spacing tdlina oysal s of
of ®ua is aao Ot s N e
dtApya (ÄSo Xag dambe ditfsALd.
Date
Page
:
SHals
uwben y Juayarfalln a QUYSIal ¢heLCjecuonA Of cthe ato
of auystal Siaut Nibstoting witmdnoguemay uuiqhicthe1
requenoy Ofmádent uaaL ghe Qieauonts at aacejRLated
he aadeuated eieauomen tahaugeAsti-emit uadjatiomm
lo4 fleguemey uhiohj3 gamas qhefrequemey Of meide
cuoys. he èomitieduadiactions tuillintexfeiu conAiuut
tiey ay detuuadiveiy md jou uill getdidfraciOM
batHimon gariOubidhi piugidesdueabie mfomcHe
ogaudimgvAiueume ümd probeudien Of aLais_
A
n 192,-L Gi aga aNeu gmpe faumuia foua
geomeuiogl toncdididi ubich sriwSA be 3atisfied ig
u-40diffraajed h4pauaiielAettof plaméa. qhis dimi
oonaideuaAeLOf paiajel plamtgi u4 the piamen beaL
Date
Page
ladisame dfuom eah04theH. UHa paualle þeammoo-ua4
bfugveemgth Abe imejdent om dthese paalIel phagat s
laniginq amgie 6: a
i
be ufted1ed jlays AG OMdBS
Ciwini niufero ãonAiuuNey
mthepdtb diffetmincel
LaDABDig oqua t0 i
uSiq equtigm2 jn equatlor{i
d Sm94 d9in0-m
2dsinA|
oAAQt
uuhidh ig suquiud Ruag9S gim0« CG ino=C
A G
Jau e9uatiom.
a=dsoO
gioilauiu Bpd9ins
LOue19 eAnod OfXay.difuaaHon
ieathe Oldet m1oanod of yRay difluaomion. rn tbis mihod,
Smge dhy9Aol
J iS held Jtationauy.ghe dimepion 0Smi
rta bbainern au lrnmXm rom, Awetolmajed
b n ofxRays.ofooatinous uaue length 1s imcicont 0n
gLeautat SpeoimenThe tuoieemgthOj uaysiisn tne
ngo of 0-2-2kLd ianeiai CAJet
A Pmhole auuamgement i9ued to pio duce a
eolimaLed bearnglYuay ne su-fjoathn9 piaMUD m De
aa choogoa itoie ave1erngsth.fóu wbioh 159
Date.
Page.
oquatidm 2dso0=MA IS SatiSfied and difraotth
m differunt dreatingrn wOflatphotog.
Xays
m Aomd as padd ctt Avshot distamae r
alto'Yeceive dhene diHuacted beama
qhedifrdctiom pattlerrm obtamed omthe2
donaisin Of GeraitnOfp0s Qhe dittsa ciorn:paHu
il Shollk Qyraeuyof hdot t Stabhos y fold
ymnetey ahon dHLiaationipatteam OM.Laue paHenn
Pho6
8Tophir
FimA
qnoidemt
Pho1oguophic Spemem
AdvooiagenoyAUEFUImey it
This qnethod.iS tusdely usedfowALapld deteArninad1o
S4alOIemAOt1on nd qymne
t Ca be uged i0 establighicHe bhape of Umit ceF o f
oTE
Date
Page
Disadvam1agos0fLaue's qmetnodfor X-sugy diffroctioni
igmot Suijoble foxdeieumoimgCoiol SuvYUYe.
lattice
Reciprocol ornditsph»ical vsigniffcant
00pcept of
AINof
XMONdiHstaaHON 1segvivaiemt t0 Jttfledtioniby he
A0HHce pomes lnait eryptal Butlind (yptal stHene
uaiiel withdifferut.Oienioi
KAiStAqmamy BeYn ot baudiiel piome
inieuplanau Spaaings shaiammdigfonrit gNen_bearo o
ad
qys qhe vigualigaction.ofalismeN plamt j9ueuy
Juai-
difMutt.o oveudÓmi sthis dificutty sthedomaeplof
lattice uamuoduced by P Givatd.Tuuo JatHaug au
TOCol
Hic andsucip1ocal lätide uging dher dom.aebt0T
eciproal ldttie itbecOme Neubany t0 fpd mea
AOmsUion 0P uuaiouoaal atiae
o Constuat a sucipuodal jattioe famadiuat j-btie
fbiotuingtepsatt -follotwed ai
oKa þorntinqne diuct la:tice as 0vigl
umqHis Ouigin,duaui noMmalmAjely
d
Lig04are Jemgah of eagh n0rmolequal tO
eeipiiogal emieupiamaH Spacidngd
oriPS Þauitiaan Met of pauaLjel praen
Piacoa point Qttpe ernd of eaah moma
e oledsiom of pomo SO obiamed is4
calld
KEA N Loiproca
E attiae
hopeuito of Recip1octo].fct ttfod L
A di1ect latticeio qhe JudipTOGa] latttce to
to it
it93 gun
ouwnm
eaipoooltatiicei
voIUme of unit cell m the it aipmOcal lattice j3inve
prOpautiomal to ¢ne NOIUrHe Of Umit m 4ne díregt
igaoh þoint im tneucipr0calattice OYTponds t
pautticulat stOfpaualjelplame m stHe dircat laH¢
NUmit 0}}of a xedipiocal Jattice
a paua elopiped oaumot be megem ava
-
V f a,b,0 aU Ortnagonal
qhenma,b and uould
aloobe 0urtnogomd. Li
n diveat Jattice suamational
n2b+mga COrne a ttuo Lattiae opaLatOY Taq04
bojmdoade
eipi0Cal|attige the dottnpomdmg lanslaima /n
obeuoH0rS ChothibiSa7
riiDiSinoeOfo yeai þoaa| poimtf1om Oxlgm l
m Venyey piop0vpiomal to
Yeaiprooa Of m{eupiar
paong betweenl@orYU pionding
Ofqne ivet attioe seAOf paMLa p
i)he redipioa| 0 3g lattiaa ig
nd Foe Ou aunaa JaH(e
sualpygico} oLtiae
oiprool Jatke. Ofsmble. Cuble
oySLo
ut
a,o'be. tia þrimitivNe
aubic e»psial
A xd 20siSalngattice
IRUTNt00, b aj, caR
D AMER-
Dalc.
Page
M a* þecthebumitive uonalation yealox9 of
eoi p00alattice
2AtbYa (equationts)
2aT equomiont5
a =2A (b\a) equoiont&)
a e g ) , bofledé2 a |tequotion3
feguasiny
=2aTo(oguarion5
a5xo=g3lcquationte)
(eqUa¢iom
uSimg gquation OHdqUaHOna im
a3)
a'xa g21 1egi0)i
@quItioni0iDeguotjon G
Iina cquOai0m O nd
A 2 4 2 j} 2 c e g ' - 1 i
a
G 2aaxb fequasiont6)
axb Q2 (equastiomH2
uGimg(0guaction 12) md eguactiorn 6 m eguatione
So (Reciprocal lattie
ofsmbje aubia CryHal latH
jsoSimple aubid yota 1atHce j9a Aimp1e CuDi
Cta 1atie
Keaiprool laioe of Bodcsnierad.ovbic csHa lat
t b,o' hectheLbsmkvei
NOCHOIS OFGOO Oygtalattice transLatIO
, Kbe 4ne Os4hogma
nityeator9 Clong
and Zdais
peaivej
2
Date
Page.
- tequationt|)
-g+9? +aequotions
- 9 + gklaguation3)
ut 5F amd *hecqhe rmittive uomslatiam
NectoYS Of reaib1oal lattice
= 2x(Kxa leqmy)
a -2agk 1equation-6)
FYa 02.(2i+21= Q2Lftl
Fy a2itj| teguation)
2
aKEal-(4i+ g22
a(KXa= gtequationR)aliodi
2
equaNOM
Uginq eQuagiom4 nd equasion& m L
ADAME
Date
Page
a ( |kequatian:9
Simipaw
utghee au pxmictive lgms lacdiom vecto13 HO
aTyja ilattice..90 RecipYOCa Of BcO OF
Lattie js Hec crySAa| attiae. cYysHa
KegprocallLattice ofFRace aerierod crySHallatic
LHO cmd 01 be he
psmjdaive tLamsiasiom
Nectorsm face aemjenud lattice"
a +Qj ieguationu
+9R tequationk21
+icequation-3)
where JAMd K au
Outhogonal
unit ve04or3 lamg-aand
dreaion.
+j Leg uotiont 1)i
DIMI INA
MIERA
Date.
Page
aaR+ teguasions)
yeco:S
ta amd abe the brmiive tuanalastion
.
ecipuocal attice
=2x (6'x (qJOtHon4-
Te 2z Ta equoqione)_
(xa)
= 26 a(equagian:-5|
ya= a2(+-2) (equatiom:7)-
4 CAMER
Similau
ii-jei
iattie.
7ATE13
