PLATE NO.: Sheet No.
:
ENGINEERING
UTILITIES 2
ENGG 0314 Time & Date
Started:
2ND Semester S.Y. 2023 - 03/19/2024
2024
Prepared by: Ellah Cielo Sabo
Plate Title: Instructor:
VACALARES
1. Differentiate the sources of water:
Sources of water Advantages
Farming promotes the
availability of food.
Rainfall replaces soil
moisture, which is
important to food
production and supply. It is
RAINFALL
naturally soft, avoiding the
requirement for chemical
treatment to ensure safe
eating.
Health and security are
both benefits. Surface
water sustains a variety of
habitats and is used for
irrigation in agriculture. It
NATURAL SURFACE
is available for community
usage and, with treatment,
can provide drinkable
water.
Groundwater is often
cleaner, making it a stable
supply of water for
drinking and agriculture.
UNDERGROUND
It is less prone to
contamination and
evaporation, ensuring a
consistent supply even in
1 1
Time & Date Submitted: 3/20/2024
ENGR. LARRY JADE G.
Disadvantages
Food and Agriculture's
effect. Frequent rainfall can
cause crop failures,
jeopardizing the availability
of food. To avoid
contamination, it must be
collected and stored
properly.
Pollution from crop waste
can decrease water quality,
compromising wellness and
biodiversity.
Changing weather
conditions can cause
movements in water
availability, affecting
supply.
The excessive use of
groundwater can cause
erosion and damage to the
environment, limiting water
supply. Accessing
subsurface water may be
expensive, necessitating
drilling and pumping
TOTAL:
 PLATE NO.: Sheet No.:
ENGINEERING
UTILITIES 2
1 1
ENGG 0314 Time & Date
Started:
Time & Date Submitted: 3/20/2024

2ND Semester S.Y. 2023 - 03/19/2024

2024
Prepared by: Ellah Cielo Sabo
Plate Title: Instructor: ENGR. LARRY JADE G.
VACALARES

dry situations. equipment.

2. Define the following terms:

a. Upfeed System
- Reduces the cost of pumps and tanks. The pressure from the water main
is insufficient to service towering structures. Water delivery is disrupted
during high demand hours.

b. Pneumatic Tank
- Pneumatic tanks are containers that store water and air under pressure.
The tanks lack a bladder, thus air comes into direct contact with water.
The compressed air forms a cushion that can absorb and apply pressure as
needed.

c. Downfeed System
- Downfeed systems are those that pump water from the utility main to
storage tanks at the top of a structure. It is then supplied to fixtures using
gravity. The amount of pressure per zone (at about 138 feet) is the
system's constraint.

3. Enumerate the materials available for plumbing installations. Define each material's
composition and usage.
- Copper: Copper is a robust metal that is commonly used in plumbing since it
does not corrode quickly. It is widely used for water pipes in homes and
buildings because to its dependability and long life.
- PVC: PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a form of plastic pipe. It is compact and easy
to work with, making it ideal for drainage systems and underground
plumbing.
- CPVC: CPVC, meaning chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, is tougher than PVC
and can withstand hot water. It is utilized in both residential and commercial
plumbing for hot water lines because of its corrosion resistance.

TOTAL:
 PLATE NO.: Sheet No.:
ENGINEERING
UTILITIES 2
1 1
ENGG 0314 Time & Date
Started:
Time & Date Submitted: 3/20/2024

2ND Semester S.Y. 2023 - 03/19/2024

2024
Prepared by: Ellah Cielo Sabo
Plate Title: Instructor: ENGR. LARRY JADE G.
VACALARES

- PEX: PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) is a versatile plastic tubing used in

water supply systems. It's famous since it's simple to set up, resistant to
freezing, and doesn't rust like metal pipes.
- Brass: Brass is a copper-zinc metal alloy that is commonly used in plumbing
fittings and valves. It is long-lasting and corrosion-resistant, making it ideal
for both residential and industrial uses.
- Polypropylene: Polypropylene pipes are comprised of a durable, chemically
resistant plastic. They are widely used for both hot and cold water supply
lines, as well as drainage systems, because to their dependability and
inexpensive cost.

4. Enumerate and define the methods of purification of water.

 Sedimentation: Sedimentation is the function of enabling water to rest
quietly in huge tanks while heavier particles such as dirt and sand fall to the
bottom. The cleaner water above is then gently drained, leaving the silt
behind. This approach is often used in water treatment plants to eliminate
visible contaminants prior to subsequent purification stages.
 Filtration: Filtration is the process of circulating water through several
layers of materials such as sand, gravel, and charcoal that function as filters
to catch pollutants. As water passes between these layers, particles and
impurities are physically separated, resulting in cleaner and safer water. This
approach effectively removes both visible and unseen contaminants, making
it an important stage in water purification operations.
 Disinfection: Disinfection is the procedure of destroying hazardous bacteria
in water so that it is safe to consume. Common ways include adding chlorine
or other disinfectants to the water or exposing it to UV light or heat.
Disinfection serves to prevent the spread of waterborne illnesses by killing
bacteria, viruses, and parasites, ensuring that we consume safe water.
 Coagulation and Flocculation: Coagulation and flocculation are processes
that involve adding sticky substances to water to cause dirt to clump
together. It's like putting glue on little pieces of paper to make them stay
together so we can simply remove them from water.
TOTAL:
 PLATE NO.: Sheet No.:
ENGINEERING
UTILITIES 2
1 1
ENGG 0314 Time & Date
Started:
Time & Date Submitted: 3/20/2024

2ND Semester S.Y. 2023 - 03/19/2024

2024
Prepared by: Ellah Cielo Sabo
Plate Title: Instructor: ENGR. LARRY JADE G.
VACALARES

 Softening: Water softening is the process of eliminating hard minerals such

as calcium and magnesium. Special filters or chemicals are used to make the
water friendlier on our skin, as well as gadgets such as kettles.

TOTAL: