TOPIC: GENETICS MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) What is multiple allelism? (1 mark)

 Condition in which a heritable characteristic is determined by more than two
variant forms of the same/single gene.
(b) A pure breeding black male mouse was mated with a pure breeding brown female mouse. All
the offspring had black coat colour.
(i) Explain the appearance of black coat colour in the offspring. (1 mark)
 Gene for black coat colour (completely) dominant over gene for brown coat
colur/brown colour gene recessive over gene for black colour.
(ii) If the black parental mouse was mated with a mouse that is heterozygous for coat colour,
work out the genotypic ratio of offspring. Show your working. (4 marks)

(iii) State two disorders in human beings that are as a result of chromosomal mutation. (2mks)
 - Down’s syndrome
 Klinefelter’s syndrome
 Turner’s syndrome
2 (a) I - XNY; (1mk)
2 XNXn; (1mk)
(b)
XNY; X XNXn ; Parental genotype

XN Y XN Xn ; Gametes

XNYN XNYn XNY XnY ; Offspring’s (4mks)

 (c) A – Non-disjunction;
B – Translocation; 3mks max (2mks)
C – Inversion;

3. a) No;
b) Parents
Phenotypes Blood group A Blood group B
Genotypes AO x BO

Gametes A O

B AB BO

O AO OO

c) Does not have antigens A and B; but has got for antibody a and b;
c) AB
4. ♀ ♂
a) XH Xh ;, Xh Y ;
Parental phenotype carrier woman X Haemophilac male

Parental genotype XH X h X X Y √ (X sign must be indicated)

b)Parental gametes
X X X Y ;√
H h H

;√

XH X h XHY Xh Xh Xh Y ;
Jane
N/B The crest sign (x) must be indicated at the parental phenotype and genotype. Ref x
ii) Xh Xh ; 1 mk
d) A condition / phenomenon where an organism has an extra set of chromosome; 1 mk

♂
5. a) RR WW; (1mk) R W
♀
RR WW

♂ ♂
RR WW R RR RW
b)

RW RW RW RW W RW WW

F2 generation
 RW x RW
Reject
♂
R W
RR RW RW WW ♀

c) i) Phenotypic ratio
Red: Pink: White
1 2 1 R R RW
ii) Genotypic ratio of F2 plants
1RR: 2RW: 1WW
d) (ABO) blood grouping/ blood groups W RW W

6. a) 93 tall: 94 dwarf 1mk)

1tall:1dwarf;
b) Parental phenotypes tall plants x dwarf plants
Genotypes Tt x tt ;

Gametes ;
T t t t

Fusion;

F1 –Generation Tt Tt tt tt ;

c) Is a cross between homozygous recessive organisms with an organism showing the dominant
phenotype /characteristics (1mk)
d) Process by which nature selects organisms best suited to environment allows them to reproduce
and pass Suitable traits to their offspring; and reject the poorly suited hence they die before sexual
maturity; (they become extinct) (2mks)