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Cogeneration
“Combined Heat and Power (CHP)”
Definitions
Cogeneration can be defined as simultaneous
production of heat and power from one source.
The idea of cogeneration is the recovery of the waste
heat resulting form a power unit to generate steam
or hot gas stream which can be used to cover part or
all of the thermal demand of a plant in addition to
the electrical demand which is satisfied by the power
unit.
A cogeneration unit is characterized by its thermal to
electric ratio which is the quantity of recovered
thermal energy to the electrical energy generated
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Conventional System
Advantages of Cogeneration
Plant perspective:
Fuel savings and its associated cost
savings
Improve the environment through the
reduction of harmful emissions
Improve the reliability of power supply to
the plant
Reduce the plant venerability toward
changes in energy cost
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Engine Generator
Electrical
Energy
Bottoming Cycle
Thermal Energy
Heat Exchanger
(Hot gases, Steam, Hot
water)
Fuel Engine Generator
Electrical Energy
Topping Cycle
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Types of Topping
Cogeneration
Cogeneration types is usually defined
according to the type of power generation
unit. These types are:
Steam turbine based cogeneration unit such as:
back pressure turbine or extraction turbine
Gas turbine based cogeneration unit
Reciprocating engine based type which may be
gas or diesel engine. This category of
cogeneration can take several forms such as:
ebullient system for low pressure steam and two
recovery cycles for both steam and hot water
Output Output
Power Power
To Steam
Condenser
Process Steam Process Steam
Combustion Chamber
Inlet Air Diverting
Valve HRSG
Output
Power
Gas Turbine With HRSG
Cp w T w ,o T w ,in
o Air
Q cw m cw
Cooling
Water
33% Exhaust
Exhaust 23%
29%
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Considerations of Cogeneration
Systems
Type Available Process Thermal To Fuels
Heat Electric Ratio
E H
co
Q A
Combined efficiency for Separate Generation
1
c
e / e 1 e / h
Where
E
e
E H
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Advantages of Cogeneration
Better energy utilization efficiency
Provide additional source for power supply
Lower environmental impact
Avoiding distribution losses
Cost effective
Possible power exchange with the utility