Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

ARCN 111
BUILDING Construction- 1
FALL - 2021
Dr. Ebrahim Goda
Dr. Amr S. ElGohary
Dr. Ahmed Fathi
Dr. Hesham Easa

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

Introduction
• A structure essentially consists of two
parts, namely the super structure and
the substructure
• Substructure is otherwise known as
the foundation and this forms the base
for any structure. Generally about 30%
of the total construction cost is spent
on the foundation.
• The soil on which the foundation
rests is called the “foundation soil”.

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

Why Foundation Systems?

•To transmit loads safely into the earth, because it serves as a

critical link in the distribution of building loads.

•To support and anchor the superstructure above against

wind-induced sliding

•To withstand the sudden ground movements of an

earthquake

•To resist the pressure imposed by the surrounding soil mass

on basement wall
AR 251. Building Construction -1
Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATIONS—SOIL
SAMPLING AND TESTING

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATIONS—SOIL
SAMPLING AND TESTING

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATIONS—SOIL
SAMPLING AND TESTING

Uniform settlement is usually of little consequence in a building, but differential

settlement can cause severe structural damage

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

Understanding Foundation systems?

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

Understanding Foundation systems?

Shallow & Deep Foundation

Choosing of Foundation Type
1 2
The soil Strength & Loads on the Building
stability

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

Shallow Foundation
Foundation
Systems
With
Footings

Isolated Combined Continuous MONOLITHIC

footings footings wall footings CONCRETE

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

1 Isolated Footing

Isolated footings are used where the superimposed load is a point load—for
example, from a column, The bearing capacity required under a column footing is
generally higher than that under a wall footing because of the concentrated load on
the column. Sometimes, particularly with steel columns, a stepped footing (with a
pedestal) is used to save concrete.

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

1 Isolated Footing

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

1 Isolated Footing

Individual footings awaiting concreting of the footing column.

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

1 Isolated Footing

Individual footings connected by a plinth beam. Note that the footings have been cast on top of beds of plain cement concrete
(PCC), which has been done to create a level, firm base for the footing.
AR 251. Building Construction -1
Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

2 Combined Footing

A combined footing is a
combination of two isolated column
footings. It is used where two or more
adjacent columns are closely spaced
and heavily loaded. Combining them
into one footing reduces the
excavation cost and distributes the
load over a larger area.
A combined footing is also used
where an exterior column must be
placed within the property line or
adjacent to an existing building
AR 251. Building Construction -1
Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

2 Combined Footing

Strap Footing as an alternative for Combined Footing

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

2 Combined Footing

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

3 Continuous Wall Footing

Continuous wall footings, also called strip footings,

are commonly used where the superimposed loads
are linear, generally from a load-bearing wall.

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

3 Continuous Wall Footing

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

3 Continuous Wall Footing

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

4 MONOLITHIC CONCRETE FOUNDATION

Mat / Raft Foundation

In a mat foundation , all columns and walls of

a building bear on one large, thick reinforced
concrete slab. This foundation is used where
the bearing capacity of the soil is low so that
independent column footings become so large
that only small, unexcavated areas remain
between the footings. A mat foundation is also
used where the bedrock is so deep that the use
of a deep foundation system (drilled piers and
piles) is uneconomical.

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

4 MONOLITHIC CONCRETE FOUNDATION

Mat / Raft Foundation

A

A. Simple Mat Foundation

B
B. Ribbed Mat Foundation

C. Cellular Mat Foundation

C

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

4 MONOLITHIC CONCRETE FOUNDATION

Mat / Raft Foundation

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

4 MONOLITHIC CONCRETE FOUNDATION

Mat / Raft Foundation

AR 251. Building Construction -1

Lecture (3) Foundation types: Shallow foundations

Thank You

AR 251. Building Construction -1