EVOLUTION OF

MASONRY
CONSTRUCTION
MASONRY
the process of building a structure out of separate
units, which are frequently laid out and joined
together with mortar.

serves more than simply structural needs in

architecture; it enhances the built environment's
beauty and character.
MASONRY
is as old as civilization itself; building
evidence dates to 7000 B.C. in
Jericho, one of the oldest cities in the
world. Sun-dried mud bricks, one of
the first construction materials, were
used during this time.
 MASONRY ACROSS THE AGES
ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURE
Masonry was a crucial element
in Romanesque architecture,
utilizing stone for its strength
and durability.
enabling massive structures with
thick walls and few windows.
It also developed features like
the arch and barrel vault for
stability.
GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE
Masonry in Gothic architecture
allowed the creation of some of
the most iconic religious and
secular buildings of the time.
Introduced significant
advancements in masonry and
architectural design, including
the pointed arch, the ribbed
vault, and the flying buttress.
MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
Brick and concrete block masonry
was famous in modern
architecture due to their structural
and aesthetic qualities.
Architects like Frank Lloyd Wright
and Louis Kahn used these
materials to create innovative
patterns and dynamic forms,
expressing the "truth" of materials
and promoting the use of modular
materials.
CONTEMPORARY
ARCHITECTURE
Masonry's durability and energy
efficiency remain relevant.
contemporary techniques
enables unique and varied units
like bricks and custom concrete
blocks. Digital fabrication
techniques push the boundaries
of masonry, creating complex
forms and patterns.
STRUCTURAL STEEL
SYSTEM OF
FRAMING
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
FRAMING SYSTEMS
Structural steel framing systems are crucial in
modern construction due to their durability,
flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.

Structural steel framing is a cost-effective,

durable, and sustainable option for low-rise,
mid-rise, and high-rise building projects,
consisting of steel beams and columns as
vertical and horizontal structural elements.
 COMPONENTS OF STRUCTURAL
STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM
BEAMS COLUMNS BRACES CONNECTIONS BASE PLATES

Horizontal members Vertical members that The structure is joints that provide Stability and load
that primarily transport transfer loads to the stabilized, and structural integrity by distribution to the
loads through bending. foundation and diagonal members joining beams, foundation are
support beams. resist lateral loads. columns, and braces. provided by steel
plates at the base of
columns.
 ADVANTAGES OF STRUCTURAL
STEEL FRAMING
HIGH STRENGTH-TO- DESIGN SPEED OF
DURABILITY SUSTAINABILITY
WEIGHT RATIO FLEXIBILITY CONSTRUCTION

Steel's strength makes Steel makes for Steel frame systems Project deadlines are Since steel is highly
structures lighter, longer-lasting provide various design shortened by using recyclable and
which lowers structures since it is possibilities, enabling prefabricated steel reusable, it helps
foundation costs and resistant to engineers and components, which promote green
speeds up deterioration, fire, architects to design allow for faster building techniques
construction.. corrosion, and pests. innovative and construction than and lessens its adverse
profitable structures. traditional methods. environmental effects.
REFERENCES
Forehand, L. (n.d.). Masonry. Pressbooks.
https://lbcc.pressbooks.pub/buildingconstruction/chapter/masonry/#:~:text=The%20art%20of%20masonry%20is,so%20did%20their%20m
asonry%20skills.

Steel structural framing systems. (n.d.). Designing Buildings. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Steel_structural_framing_systems

Build Using Steel. (2023, December 29). Structural Steel Framing - Build using steel. https://www.buildusingsteel.org/build-using-
steel/structural-steel-framing/#:~:text=Structural%20steel%20framing%20is%20a,structural%20steel%20beams%20and%20columns.

Steel, B. (2024, April 10). Comparison between flexible connections and rigid connections. https://bmbsteel.com.vn/en/comparison-
between-flexible-connections-and-rigid-connections

YENA Engineering BV. (2023, June 15). Bracing Systems: What are They and What Advantages Do They Provide?
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bracing-systems-what-advantages-do-provide-yenaengineering/

Roarengineering. (2022, August 18). What are Beams and Columns in Structural Engineering? - Roar Engineering. Roar Engineering.
https://roarengineering.com/what-are-beams-and-columns-in-structural-engineering

Hamakareem, M. I. (2017, October 10). Construction of steel frame structure foundations, columns, beams and floors. The Constructor.
https://theconstructor.org/structures/construction-steel-structure-foundations-columns-beams-floors/18648/