ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY

Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

BIO 1 MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY

BSED II- SCIENCE
First Semester SY 2023-2024

Microscope Observation Worksheet

Name: [Your Name] Date: [Date]

Specimen: [Type of Specimen] Slide Number: [Slide Number]

Objective: Conduct experiments on focusing specimens in the slide using a microscope.

Procedure:
1. Place the prepared slide on the microscope stage.
2. Start with the lowest magnification (e.g., 4x) objective lens.
3. Use the coarse focus knob to bring the specimen into rough focus.
4. Fine-tune the focus using the fine focus knob.
5. Once in focus, switch to higher magnifications (e.g., 10x, 40x, 100x) for more detailed
observations.
6. Adjust the lighting using the microscope's diaphragm or light intensity knob for optimal visibility.
7. Carefully observe and record your observations using the spaces provided below.

Observations:

Lowest Magnification (e.g., 4x):

1. Describe the overall appearance of the specimen.

2. Note any structures or features that are visible at this magnification.

Medium Magnification (e.g., 10x):

1. Record any changes in detail or structure you can observe.

2. Note any interesting characteristics or patterns.

High Magnification (e.g., 40x or 100x):

1. Describe the fine details you can see now.

2. Note any specific cells, structures, or elements you can identify.

Conclusion: Summarize your overall observations of the specimen at different magnifications. Discuss
any notable findings and compare them to your expectations.
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

Questions:
1. Did you encounter any challenges while focusing or observing the specimen? If so, how did you
overcome them?

2. What additional information or techniques could you apply to further enhance your observations
in future microscope sessions?

Additional Notes: Feel free to take photos or documentations of what you observed at each
magnification level to accompany your written descriptions.

Remember to adjust the headings, magnification levels, and questions based on your specific experiment
and microscope specifications. Happy observing!

Prepared by:

ANGELICA R. RICO, LPT

Subject Teacher

COMPARISON OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS

EXPERIMENT #1
BSED II-SCIENCE
1ST Semester SY. 2023-2024

NAME: DATE:
COURSE & YR:

Experiment: Testing the Solubility of Ionic and Covalent Compounds in Water

Materials Needed:
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

 Table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) - Ionic compound

 Sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11) - Covalent compound
 Two clear glasses or cups
 Water
 Spoon
 Marker and labels (optional)

Procedure:
1. Begin by labeling one glass or cup as "Ionic" and the other as "Covalent" if desired.
2. Take a small amount of table salt (ionic compound) and place it in the "Ionic" glass.
3. Take a small amount of sugar (covalent compound) and place it in the "Covalent" glass.
4. Add an equal amount of water to both glasses, enough to cover the compounds.
5. Stir both solutions gently with a spoon to facilitate dissolution.
6. Observe and record your observations for each glass. Pay attention to the following:
a. How quickly does each compound dissolve?
b. Does the solution become clear, or do you see particles remaining in the glass?
c. Does the temperature of the solution change?

Results and Discussion: (Provide the difference between ionic and covalent compounds below based
from the findings of your experiment)
1. Ionic Compound

2. Covalent Compound

Conclusion:
Question: What can you conclude from your experiment?

LEWIS STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR GEOMETRY

EXPERIMENT #2
BSED II-SCIENCE
1ST Semester SY. 2023-2024

NAME: DATE:
COURSE & YR:

Experiment: Building Molecular Models

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

Materials Needed:
 Colored markers or pens
 Index cards or small pieces of paper (cut into squares)
 Scissors
 Ruler

Procedure:
1. Choose a Molecule: Select a molecule for the experiment. For simplicity, let's choose water
(H2O) as an example.
2. Draw Lewis Structure: Draw the Lewis structure of the chosen molecule on an index card or
piece of paper. In the case of water (H2O), it would look like this:

HOH
The central oxygen atom is surrounded by two hydrogen atoms.
3. Cut Out Atom Cards: Cut out individual cards for each atom (hydrogen and oxygen) with the
element's symbol (H or O) written on them. Make sure to make them colorful so they are easy to
distinguish.
4. Determine Bond Pairs: Identify the bond pairs in the molecule. In water (H2O), there are two
pairs of electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
5. Cut Out Bonding Pairs: Cut out small rectangular pieces to represent the electron pairs in the
bonds. Use different colors to represent the electrons.
6. Build the Molecular Model:
 Place the oxygen atom card in the center.
 Attach the hydrogen atom cards to the oxygen atom by overlapping them slightly,
representing the bonds.
 Place the rectangular pieces (electron pairs) between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms to
represent the shared electrons in the covalent bonds.
7. Observe Molecular Geometry: Look at the 3D arrangement of atoms and electron pairs. In the
case of water, you'll notice that the molecule has a bent or V-shaped geometry.

Discussion Questions:
1. What does the central oxygen atom represent in the molecular model?

2. How are the hydrogen atoms connected to the oxygen atom in the model?

3. Describe the geometry of the water molecule based on the model.

4. How do the electron pairs (represented by rectangular pieces) influence the molecular
geometry?
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

Conclusion:
Question: What can you conclude from your experiment?

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
EXPERIMENT #3
BSED II-SCIENCE
1ST Semester SY. 2023-2024

NAME: DATE:
COURSE & YR:
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

Experiment: Investigating Surface Tension

Materials Needed:
 A shallow dish or plate
 A small piece of paper (approximately 2 cm x 2 cm)
 A glass of water

Procedure:
1. Fill the shallow dish or plate with water to a depth of about 1 cm.
2. Carefully place the small piece of paper on the surface of the water. Make sure it doesn't sink.
3. Observe what happens to the paper on the water's surface. Take note of any changes.
4. Optionally, you can add a drop of dish soap to the water and observe the paper again. Record any
differences you observe.

Questions and Answers:

1. What happened when you placed the paper on the water's surface without adding any
soap?

2. What does this experiment demonstrate about the intermolecular forces at the water's
surface?

3. What happened when you added a drop of dish soap to the water and observed the paper
again?

4. How does the addition of soap relate to the concept of intermolecular forces?

Conclusion:
Question: What can you conclude from your experiment?
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

STOICHIOMESTRY
EXPERIMENT #4
BSED II-SCIENCE
1ST Semester SY. 2023-2024

NAME: DATE:
COURSE & YR:
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

Experiment: Stoichiometry of Baking Soda and Vinegar

Materials Needed:
 Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
 Vinegar (acetic acid)
 Balloon
 Funnel (optional)
 Empty plastic bottle (e.g., a small soda bottle)

Procedure:
1. Take an empty plastic bottle and place it on a stable surface.
2. If you have a funnel, use it to carefully add a measured amount of baking soda (e.g., one
teaspoon) into the bottle. If you don't have a funnel, you can make a paper funnel by rolling a
piece of paper into a funnel shape.
3. Stretch the opening of a balloon over the neck of the bottle, ensuring it's secure and airtight.
4. In a separate container, measure an equal volume of vinegar (e.g., one teaspoon).
5. Carefully pour the vinegar into the bottle, making sure not to spill any on the balloon.
6. Observe what happens to the balloon as the vinegar reacts with the baking soda.

Observations: (What have you observed from the experiment?)

Explanation:
The chemical reaction that occurs between baking soda and vinegar can be represented as follows:

NaHCO3 (s) + CH3COOH (aq) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + NaCH3COO (aq)

This reaction shows that one mole of baking soda reacts with one mole of vinegar to produce one mole of
carbon dioxide gas. The gas produced fills the balloon, demonstrating the stoichiometry of the reaction.

Questions and Answers:

1. What happens when you mix baking soda and vinegar?

2. What does the inflation of the balloon represent in terms of stoichiometry?

3. Can you relate this experiment to the concept of moles and stoichiometry? How?
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION

EXPERIMENT #5
BSED II-SCIENCE
1ST Semester SY. 2023-2024

NAME: DATE:
COURSE & YR:
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

Experiment: Types of Chemical Reactions

Materials Needed:
 Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
 Vinegar (acetic acid)
 Clear plastic cups (4)
 Tablespoon or measuring spoons
 Red and blue food coloring (optional)
 Dishwashing liquid (optional)
 Stirring sticks (plastic spoons or wooden sticks)
 Safety goggles (recommended)

Procedure:

Reaction 1: Baking Soda and Vinegar (Acid-Base Reaction)

1. Put on safety goggles (recommended).
2. Take two clear plastic cups.
3. In one cup, add about one tablespoon of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate).
4. In the other cup, add about one tablespoon of vinegar (acetic acid). You can also add a few drops
of red or blue food coloring and a drop of dishwashing liquid for a more visual reaction
(optional).
5. Carefully pour the vinegar into the cup with baking soda and observe what happens.

Reaction 2: Iron and Oxygen (Combustion Reaction)

1. Take a spoonful of baking soda and spread it on a plate.
2. Place a small piece of iron (such as a nail or steel wool) on top of the baking soda.
3. Light a match or use a lighter to ignite the iron. Observe the reaction.

Reaction 3: Vinegar and Steel Wool (Single Replacement Reaction)

1. Place a small piece of steel wool into a cup.
2. Pour vinegar into the cup containing the steel wool. Allow it to sit for a few minutes, occasionally
stirring with a stirring stick.

Reaction 4: Milk and Vinegar (Precipitation Reaction)

1. Take the last clear plastic cup.
2. Pour a small amount of milk into the cup.
3. Add an equal amount of vinegar to the milk. Stir the mixture gently.

Observations and Conclusions: (Provide your observations and conclusions below based on your
experiments on the four reactions)
Reaction 1: Baking soda and vinegar

Reaction 2: Iron and oxygen

Reaction 3: Vinegar and steel wool

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

Reaction 4: Milk and vinegar

EXERCISES #1
BSED II- SCIENCE
1st Semester SY. 2023-2024

CHEMICAL BONDS, FORMULAS, REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS WORKSHEET

NAME: DATE:
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

YR. & COURSE: RATING:

1. Illustrating Chemical Bonds:

Exercise: Draw Lewis dot structures for the following molecules:
a. H 2O

b. CO 2

c. CH 4

d. NH 3

2. Writing Chemical Formulas:

Exercise: Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds:
a. Sodium chloride

b. Sulfur hexafluoride

c. Potassium hydroxide

d. Carbon tetrachloride

3. Determining Types of Chemical Reactions:

Exercise: Classify the following chemical reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single
displacement, or double displacement:
a. 2 H 2 + O 2 → 2 H 2O

b. CaCO 3 → CaO + CO 2

c. 2Na + 2 H 2O → 2NaOH + H 2

d. Ag NO 3 + NaCl → AgCl + Na NO 3
 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

4. Writing and Balancing Equations:

Exercise: Write and balance the chemical equations for the following reactions:
a. The combustion of methane (CH 4 ) in oxygen (O 2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2) and
water ( H 2 O).

b. The reaction between potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl 2) to form potassium chloride (KCl).

c. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O2) into water ( H 2 O) and oxygen (O 2).

5. Computing Theoretical, Actual, and Percent Yields:

Exercise: Calculate the theoretical, actual, and percent yields for a reaction where 5.0 grams
of magnesium (Mg) reacts with excess hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce magnesium
chloride (MgCl 2) and hydrogen gas ( H 2). If you obtain 7.2 grams of magnesium chloride in
the lab, what is the percent yield?

BIO 1 MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY

 ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY
Cajidiocan Campus
Cajidiocan, Romblon

BSED II- Science

st
1 Semester SY 2023-2024

Title: Summary Report on Sources and Mode of Transmission of Pathogenic Microorganisms

Date: [Date of the Report]

Author: [Your Name]

Introduction:
 Provide a brief introduction to the topic and the purpose of the report.
 Mention the video clip or video clips you viewed for this summary.

Sources of Pathogenic Microorganisms:

 Summarize the key sources of pathogenic microorganisms discussed in the video clip(s).
 Include information about natural sources (e.g., animals, plants, soil), human sources (e.g.,
infected individuals), and environmental sources (e.g., water, air).

Modes of Transmission:
 Outline the various modes of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms as presented in the
video clip(s).
 Include details about direct transmission (e.g., person-to-person), indirect transmission (e.g.,
contaminated surfaces), and vector-borne transmission (e.g., via insects).

Key Microorganisms:
 Highlight specific pathogenic microorganisms discussed in the video(s) and their characteristics.
 Provide information about bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other relevant microorganisms.

Preventive Measures:
 Summarize any preventive measures or strategies mentioned in the video(s) to control the
transmission of pathogenic microorganisms.
 Include information on hygiene practices, vaccination, and environmental controls.

Case Studies (if applicable):

 If the video(s) included any real-world examples or case studies related to pathogenic
microorganism transmission, summarize these cases.

Conclusion:
 Summarize the main takeaways from the video clip(s) regarding the sources and modes of
transmission of pathogenic microorganisms.
 Highlight the importance of understanding these factors in public health and disease control.

Recommendations (if applicable):

 If the video(s) suggested recommendations or actions to mitigate the spread of pathogenic
microorganisms, outline them in this section.

References:
 Include a list of the video(s) or other sources you used for this report.
 Cite them using an appropriate format (e.g., APA, MLA, or a specific citation style if required).

Appendices (if applicable):

 Include any supplementary information, diagrams, or data that support your summary report.