UNIT 1

PREVIEWING AND PREDICTING

Previewing

It is important when you read a book or parts of it to look first before you start reading.
This is called previewing. Previewing gives you a general idea about the book and its
content. There several aspects in a book that you can preview. You may preview:

1. The Book Cover, front and back. The front usually contains the TITLE, name
of the AUTHOR / S, name of Publisher, and ILLUSTRATIONS. The back cover
often displays the author’s pictures with his/her/their biographical information
and qualifications. Sometimes in the back cover you can read comments and
summaries of the content.

2. The Inside Cover. This part of a book usually contains information on copy
rights of the author/s, year of publication, edition, number of cataloguing, editor
or translator, etc. It is important that you check the date of publication when you
preview, if a book is unrevised for relatively long time, the content may be
outdated. Study publishing history, number of copies, dates of reprint, revisions,
etc.

3. Introduction, Preface, Foreword. A quick check on this information will give

you a general idea of what the writer/s plan the book.

4. Table of Contents. This is the skeletal outline of the content in the book. it will
also give you a general idea of what aspects, ideas, and subtopics are presented.

5. Layout and Typography. Thumb through the book. At the layout and
typography of the book. Note any pictures, figures, graphs, cartoons, diagrams,
etc. They will help you in giving information of what the book is about.

6. Index, Bibliography, Glossary and Summary. The information from these

parts of the book is important in deciding whether the book matches or not your
purpose and the field of your study, because they contain key words and list
publications that are closely related to the content in the book.

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From this process of previewing you evaluate the book’s value in relation to your
purposes. If you decide that the book does not contain the information you need, then
select another book and do the whole process again. It may be time consuming and need
a lot of effort, but once you are familiar with the process then you become skillful in it.
Previewing is one of the most important reading skills. You should preview before start
reading, in that way you will understand much more what you read.

Task 1

Answer the following questions

1. Where can you find the surname / last name of the author/s in a book? We can
find it in the book cover
2. In which part of a book can you find the writer’s purpose and description of how
the content is presented? Is in the Introduction, Preface, Foreword.
3. Why is it necessary to check on the date of printing and revisions? If a book is
unrevised for relatively long time, the content may be outdated.
4. Mention the aspects in a book, from the front to the back of a book, that you need
to check and look when you are previewing! First we look inside the cover of
the book look at the illustration, the author's name, or a summary of the
book on the back cover. then look inside the cover there is usually
information on copy rights of the author / s, year of publication, edition,
number of cataloguing, editor or translator. then check the table of content
section for give you a general idea of what aspects, ideas, and subtopics are
presented. And then we can check the Index, Bibliography, Glossary dan
Summary. The information from these parts of the book is important in
deciding whether the book matches or not your purpose and the field of your
study, because they contain key words and list publications that are closely
related to the content in the book.
5. Why is previewing important in reading? Cause we will understand much
more what we read.

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Task 2
Read this passage and write what it is about

The first time you try it, ask someone to help you. You may fall if no one holds
you up. It is good idea to star on this sidewalk. The street may be dangerous. After
you start, do not stop. Try to go faster. That will help you to stay up. Remember, even
little children can do this. And once
you learn how, you will never forget!

(Reading Power, p.21)

This passage is about how to ride a bike.

If you cannot tell look at the picture on p. Pictures help you to understand!

Task 3 Previewing using titles and headings

1. Here are titles of books and the possible contents. Read and match them.

Titles
1. The Internet : Instant
Reference
2. Scientific Method
3. Social Psychology
4. Fundamentals of Accounting
5. Understanding Biotechnology
Contents
a. Inter-group Relations
b. Getting Message Through
c. Artificial Human Organs
d. Research
e. Fixed Assets

2. Read the following titles or headings and write down the likely content of
each book or article. Compare your work with your friend’s.

“Understanding Statistic for College Students”

contains what statistics are, various kinds of statistics, how to make

statistical reports.

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 “English for Business”

contains the importance of English in business, good language for

business and how to use English well for business.

“How to Perform Well in An Interview”

contains how to speak, behave, and how we answer questions during the
interview.

3. Which of the following book would you consult if you were studying how
new technology influence human behavior? Study the subtitles. Then, give
reasons for your choice.

a. Violence. The Effect of Hi-Tech Media

b. Internet. The Way to Create Webster
c. Living in Foreign Countries. Problem with the Cultures
d. Modern Technology. Several Discoveries
e. Computers for the Workers. How do they affect you?
The reasons: This option may provide a broad insight into various
modern technological inventions and how they affect human behavior.
It may provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes in daily
life resulting from the adoption of new technologies.

Task 4 Previewing Using Graphs and Illustrations

1. Look at this diagram and predict what the accompanying text is about.
The diagram illustrates workers' income in 2000 and 1995

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___________________________________________________________________

2. Look at the pictures below and try to predict what is the text is about. What
kind of text do you think it is?
The picture below explains the parts of a pipe for a water heater and how
to install it.

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Previewing a Short Passage

When you preview a short passage here is a process that you can follow:
1. Read the title.
2. Look at the pictures (if there any).
3. Read the first few sentences in the first paragraph.
4. Read the first line of the other paragraphs.
5. Read the last sentences of the last paragraph.
6. Watch for names, dates, numbers.

Task 5
Now, read the following passage and answer the question that follow.

Do Pigeons Take the Train?

Pigeons are smart birds. They are good at finding places. They can find their way home
from many miles away. Scientists are not sure how pigeons know their way, but they
do. They almost never get lost.
Can pigeons find their way under the ground? Some underground passengers in London
say that they see pigeons on the Underground trains.
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Some train lines are popular with pigeons.

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 Why do pigeons get on trains?
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1. What is the passage about? Pigeons are smart birds.

2. What do people see on underground trains? They see pigeons on the Underground
trains.
3. Do they really take the train? No, They dont
4. Do they like the sound of the train or do they like to hike to save time? No, they will
dodge at the sound of the train.
5. Make other predictions about the passage. Then, read the whole passage at the end
of Unit 2. Did you make good predictions? Pigeons get tired of flying and they do
what people do.

Task 6 Predicting the Next Idea

Read the sentence, and then tell which idea comes next.

1. One hundred years ago, the British Empire was very large. The British sent ships
and soldiers to North and South America, Africa, and Asia. They were British
ships all around the world. The British were proud of this. They liked to say, “The
sun never sets
a. In England.”
b. In our hearts.”
c. On the far side of the world.”
d. On the British Empire.”

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2. In some cowboy movies, the cowboys are all either good or bad. The good
cowboys are great men who help everyone. The bad cowboys are robbers and
killers. But in real life, most cowboys were just like all other men – not all good
or bad. The idea of cowboys we get from movie is
a. Very true
b. Not true
c. Good
d. Helpful
3. On average, Americans move to new home every seven years. However, some
Americans never move. They live all lives in the same place. So there must be
other Americans who
a. Move to new homes
b. Move very often
c. Never move
d. Move every seven years

4. Some people say that it’s harder to learn things when you get older. They say
your brain doesn’t work as quickly. That is why they sometimes say, “You can’t
teach
a. A young dog anything.”
b. An old dog new tricks.”
c. A young dog new tricks.”
d. A dog when you are young.”
5. The Potato Famine happened in Ireland in the 1840’s. The Irish people were poor.
They couldn’t buy meat or bread because they were too expensive. They ate
mostly potatoes. Then a disease killed many of the potato plants. With no
potatoes to eat, the people
a. Were happier
b. Ate meat instead
c. Died of hunger
d. Were ill

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Task 7
Read the following text, the predict what the book is about. Give evidence.

Preface to Second Edition …the emphases within the

field of social psychology have altered very radically. The focus is presently much more
upon social cognition: that is the way in which social events are stored in memory and
used subsequently to determine social behavior. This focus has been more clearly
represented in the new edition with clear explanations of such concepts as schemata and
scripts, social representation and social society…

The book seems to be about social psychology, specifically focusing on the

concept of social cognition. It likely explores how social events are processed,
stored in memory, and used to shape social behavior. The mention of concepts
like schemata, scripts, social representation, and social society indicates that the
book delves into cognitive processes and their impact on social interactions and
behavior.

Task 8 More Practice

Read the following text then predict what the books are about. Give evidence to your
answer.

1. Although researchers have formally discovered and named language learning

strategies only recently, such strategies have actually been used for thousands of
years. One well-known example is the mnemonic or memory devices used in
ancient times to help story teller to remember their lines. Throughout history the
best language practice techniques to analytic, rule-based strategies

The book seems to be about language learning strategies throughout history.

It discusses how mnemonic devices have been used for thousands of years to
aid in language learning, indicating a historical perspective on language
acquisition techniques.
____________________________________________________________________

2. Rupert Bear woke one morning feeling in just the mood for an adventure. So
after breakfast he asked his mother if he could spend the day in the hills. Mrs.
Bear wasn’t very sure at first, but in the end she agreed. “Now, remember to keep
well wrapped,” she said, tying Rupert’s scarf round his neck. “We don’t want you
to catch a cold, do we?”

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 This text appears to be the beginning of a children's story about Rupert Bear
going on an adventure in the hills after breakfast. It suggests a narrative
centered around Rupert Bear's daily activities and adventures, likely aimed at
young readers.
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3. As a foreman Taylor soon realized that under existing system if initiative and
incentive the greater part of the responsibility for getting the work done is left to
the workers, whereas he believed that all responsibility for planning and
arranging work should rest with the management, leaving the doing of it to the
worker. This involved a complete change in attitude, a ‘mental revolution’, on
the part of both workers and managers

This passage likely comes from a book discussing management and work
organization principles, particularly focusing on the responsibilities of workers
and managers. It mentions a shift in attitude and the concept of a "mental
revolution" regarding the division of labor and management responsibilities.

4. As in other exercises, do not practice it when you suffer an acute illness like
influenza of diarrhea. It is much better and certainly safer to resume practice after
your recovery. Although you do not require any special equipment, you should
always use a pair of flat-soled shoes during practice to avoid injury to your soles.
A soft, loose, sweat absorbing shirt and a loose, baggy pant will be an asset as
they permit free movement.

This text seems to be part of a guide or manual related to physical exercise or

yoga practice. It provides instructions and precautions for practicing a
particular exercise, emphasizing the importance of safety and appropriate
attire during practice.
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5. What makes a stew? Technically, stewing is a method of simmering meats (or

fish or fowl), usually cut in small chunks in liquid which may be water, wine,
beer or broth. In the old days stews were kept at the back of the stove, simmering
ever slowly and changing somewhat from day to day depending upon whatever
garden or barnyard provided.

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 The passage appears to be about the culinary technique of stewing and the
historical context of this cooking method. It discusses the ingredients and
process involved in stewing, highlighting its traditional method of slow
cooking and adaptation based on available ingredients.
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6. Party power was further eroded with the emergence of the concept that
democracy was best served not by party representation but by representation of
functional social group. In the 1960 parliament, 129 members were appointed to
represent the parties,…

This excerpt discusses the erosion of party power in favor of a representation

of functional social groups within the concept of democracy. It mentions a
shift away from party representation in parliament towards a representation
based on social functions, indicating a discussion on political theory and
democratic systems.
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