GEN 004: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
LESSON 18: ROXAS & QUIRINO
Aug. 23, 1896- Philippine Revolution
June 12, 1898- Proclamation of PH independence on Kawit,
Cavite
June 14, 1942- Commonwealth of the PH joined Anti-axis
alliance (United Nations)
July 4, 1946- Inauguration of 3rd Republic; Philippine
Independence
** From 1946-1961, Independence Day is July 4
R.A. 4166- designating June 12 as Philippine Independence
ROXAS ADMINISTRATION (May 28, 1946-April 15, 1948)
-faces aftermath of WWII
Undertakings:
• Establishment of Rehabilitation Finance Corporation
(DBP)
• DFA creation
• Foreign Service through E.O no. 18
• Bill of Rights for Filipino veterans
• Taxation revision
R.A 265- act establishing the Central Bank of the Philippines
Philippine Trade Relations Act/Bell Trade Act
- Americans utilize PH natural resources in return for
rehabilitation support
-Provided $620 M war damage compensation Carlos Garcia
US-PH military bases agreement 1947
-prelim wartime discussion
-using 16 bases rent-free for 99 years
Elpidio Quirino as VP/ DFA Sec.
Gen. Carlos P. Romulo, PH- UN
April 15, 1948-Roxas died of heart attack
QUIRINO ADMIN. (April 17, 1948-December 30, 1953)
-strengthening people’s confidence & peace restoration
Administrative Order No. 68-Action Committee on Social
Amelioration
• To promote welfare of citizens in rural districts
Executive Order no. 150- Social security study commission
• Investigate socio economic problems, formulate
legislation
Executive Order no. 158-Labor Management Advisory Board
• Formulated labor policies& resolve labor disputes
R.A 821- Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing
Administration
• Secure credit to market agricultural commodities
Proclamation no. 76- amnesty to insurgents that surrendered
arms
• HUKBALAHAP Luis Taruc conceded to register but
never disarm
1950-1953-Reforming Armed forces through:
Economic Development Corps (EDCOR)
Land Settlement and Development Corporation (LASEDECO)
1953 Presidential Election
Elpidio Quirino (LP) vs. Ramon Magsaysay (N)
Magsaysay won by 68.9%
LESSON 19: MAGSAYSAY, GARCIA, MACAPAGAL
MAGSAYSAY ADMIN (December 30, 1953- March 17, 1957)
Magsaysay Credo- theme of leadership & public service
Presidential Complaint and Action Commission-boosts the
nations confidence
Social Security Law of 1954/RA 1161
RA 1199- Agricultural Tenancy Act of the Philippines
• Protect farmers
Land reform act of 1955 through RA 1400
RA 1267- Court of Agrarian Relations
RA 1160- National Settlement and Rehabilitation Administration
• HUKBALAHAP Luis Tarac surrendered
Manila Pact of 1954- Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty
• International diplomacy and defense
Laurel-Langley Agreement- PH preferential trade system with
foreign countries; right to impose export tax & quota/ non
quota
March 17, 1957 Magsaysay died on plane crash at Mt. Pinatubo
GARCIA ADMIN. (March 18, 1957-December 30, 1961)
Undertakings:
RA 1792 – Social Security System on Sept 1, 1957
1957 Presidential elections:
, Jose Yulo, Claro Recto, Manuel Manahan
Promoted “Filipino First “to regain economic independence
Austerity Program- more work, more thrift, more pro ductive
investment and efficiency aim to mobilizing national savings
RA 301- Anti Graft and Corrupt Practices Act
• Prevent corruption, promote honesty and public trust
Bohlen-Serrano agreement of 1959
• Shortened lease of US military base from 99 to 25 yrs.
MACAPAGAL ADMINISTRATION (December 30, 1961-
December 30, 1965)
Poor boy from Lubao; Goal to attain “new era”
Undertakings:
RA 3844- Agricultural Land reform act (LBP)
RA 3466- EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT ADMINISTRATION
RA 3518-PHILIPPINE VETERANS BANK
RA 3470- NATIONAL COTTAGE INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
• promote local cottage industries
RA 4156-PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS
PH as founding member of Maphilindo, Manila Accord 1953
-strove for “Asian solutions by Asian nations for Asian problems”
GEN 004: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS IN ORDER

Historical distortion- deliberate act of changing narratives