2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives & Power System

Isolated DC-DC Converter Fed DC Motor for

Bidirectional Electric Vehicular Application

Diksha S. Ramteke Manisha B. Gaikwad

Student, M.Tech, Asst. Professor,
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
SRCOEM SRCOEM
Nagpur, India. Nagpur, India.
ramtekeds@rknec.edu gaikwadmb@rknec.edu

Abstract—In this paper an isolated dc-dc converter fed dc motor

traction drive system for Bidirectional Electric Vehicular
applications are designed. In conventional dc-dc converter there
is no segregation between input and output. An Isolated dc-dc
converter i.e Dual Active Bridge Converter (DABC) having a
transformer which segregate input and output side. This isolation
can bear anything from a few hundred volts to numerous Fig. 1. Battery discharging mode
thousand volts. At the same time transformer step-up and step-
down the voltage level. Sinusoidal-pulse-width-modulation engines. Therefore, the maintenance cost of these vehicles has
(SPWM) technique is cast-off for triggering the switches. An come down and complete cost of EV possession is really
equivalent proposed model is simulated and verified through
inferior to gasoline-driven cars. The EVs are runs on the
MATLAB/Simulink.
electricity that power can originate from several renewable
energy causes, which contain small-emanations causes
Keywords—Isolated DC-DC Converter; Electric Vehicle; corresponding to natural gas and zero emanation causes
Lithium-ion Battery; SiC MOSFET; Transformer; Separately corresponding to wind, solar, hydro and nuclear power, which
Excited DC Motor. permit EVs to intensely diminish gaseous emanations. They
can also have a lower risk for major fires or explosions, body
I. INTRODUCTION construction and durability [1], [2], [3].
Fig. 1 shows the battery discharging mode. In this paper
lithium-ion battery is used. Li-ion batteries are also called as a
Growing conveyance effectiveness provides the preeminent
rechargeable batteries possesses great energy solidity and
habitation for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emanation,
normally used in customer electronics. Li-ion battery
which is a crucial delinquent in global warming. Thus,
commercially release in 1991. In security, power and energy
detrimental air pollution from squander emanations can be
solidities li-ion battery technologies are developing
abbreviate by choosing to drive an electric vehicle (EV). EV
expressively. An anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte and
provides a superior emanations contour as compared to
two current collectors (positive and negative) are used to make
interior incineration vehicles. EVs has lower inclusive
li-ion battery. Anode and cathode accumulate the lithium.
emanations complacent and also it provides superior
Usually li-ion batteries are expressively nimbler than further
emanation locality and technique. During charging and
types of rechargeable batteries of related size. Energy solidity
operating an EV, renewable energy corresponding solar or
and power solidity are two most common notions analogous
wind provide almost emanation free. Therefore, EVs charged
through batteries. Li-ion battery has less self-discharge than
comprehensively with renewable energy. Gasoline-driven
half of nickel-based systems and therefore this is applicable in
vehicle emanates contamination throughout greatest driving
fuel gauge. The mobile phones, tablets and digital cameras can
periods in the intermediate of the city. Conventional
directly power by nominal cell voltage of 3.60V which offers
petrol/diesel vehicles has a huge movable portions as
simplification and cost reduction over multi-cell designs [4].
compared to battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In EV it is not
Description of separately excited dc motor is given in
necessary to change liquid fuels or oil. EV requires
section II. Section III designated the suggested model of an
comparatively diminutive overhauling, no exclusive squander
isolated dc-dc converter. Simulation results of an isolated dc-
structures, starter motors, gasoline inoculation structures,
dc converter are shown in section IV. Finally, section V shows
radiators and numerous further parts. EV runs on electrically
the conclusion.
powered engines and hence there is no need to lubricate the

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 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives & Power System
II. SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTOR
Fig. 2. Separately excited DC motor
A DC motor is a rotatory electrical machines which
converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical
energy. A direct current (DC) motor is a legitimately modest
electric motor, produces torque by using electricity and
magnetic field, which rotate the rotor and provide mechanical
work. In electric vehicles DC motors are widely used. DC
installation is unpretentious and less exclusive. A distinctive
motors are in the range of 20,000watt to 30,000watt. DC
motors can overdrive for short periods of time. For a short
period of time 20,000watt motor will accept 100,000watts and
convey 5 times its rated horsepower. This is prodigious for
small ruptures of acceleration.
The separately excited DC motor is shown in Fig. 2. DC
motor consists of two windings i.e. field winding and armature
winding. Field winding is immovable and armature winding
can revolve liberally. When DC supply has given to the field
winding, it produces magnetic field. When armature winding
coupled with DC source, shaft connected to it and Lorentz
force helps to rotate this shaft.
Separately excited DC motor have separated field winding
means supply to armature is different and supply to field is
different. So there is no effect on field current (if) by change in
armature current (ia). By reversing voltage, direction of motor
rotation can be reverse. Separately excited DC motor can
operate above base speed. Armature is the rotatory part and
field winding is stationary part. Motor speed can be control by
varying armature voltage or by varying field voltage control.
Thus, separately excited DC motor gives good speed control
[5], [6], [11], [12].
III. ISOLATED DC-DC CONVERTER
An Isolated dc-dc converter consists of full-bridge inverter
and full-bridge rectifier. Fig. 3 shows an isolated dc-dc
converter. Power conversion system consists of DC-DC
converter. DC-DC converter generally operates either in buck-
mode or in boost-mode. Buck operation delivers smaller
output voltage at receiving side and boost operation delivers
higher output voltage at receiving side. Transformer is used to
transmute power from lower side to higher side and vice versa.
Transformer also provides the barrier between the two
converters. Non-isolated dc-dc converter and isolated dc-dc
converter are the two classification of DC-DC converter.
Reduction in cost and improve the system efficiency is
possible in non-isolated topology but it dispensation the
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Fig. 3. Isolated DC-DC Converter
safety issues of leakage current. Huge voltage dissimilarity
between input side and output side produces the switching
losses due to the capability of driving circuit which gives
reduction in an efficiency of the converter. Therefore, isolated
DC-DC converter is a main application for huge voltage
dissimilarity.
(i)Full-Bridge Inverter
Full-bridge inverter is an elementary circuit which convert DC
to AC. An AC output is produced from a DC input by
appropriate switching sequence. In an inverter a DC input
voltage is converted into an AC output voltage. This converted
AC output voltage is maintain at desired magnitude and
frequency at the output side.
Half bridge or full bridge topologies are commonly used
in single-phase inverters. Fig. 4 shows the single-phase full
bridge inverter. Square or quasi-square wave output are seen
in low and intermediate power applications inverter which is
adequate but sinusoidal waveform is highly essential in high-
power applications, therefore for providing sinusoidal output
with low distortion, inverters are designed carefully. Inverters
are extensively used in domestic and industrial applications
[9].
Fig. 4. Single-phase full bridge inverter
(ii) Full-Bridge Rectifier
In full-bridge rectifier, the average DC output voltage is
higher than for half-bridge rectifier, the output of the full-
bridge rectifier has much less ripple than that of the half-
bridge rectifier producing a smoother output waveform.
34
 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives & Power System

source through switch S1 and S2. Due to the inductive load,

switch S1 and S2 continue to demeanour beyond wt = , even
though the input voltage is already negative. During the
negative half-cycle, S3 and S4 switches are forward biased.
When S3 and S4 switches are fired, it applies the supply
voltage across switches S1 and S2 as reverse blocking voltage.
Thus, during both positive and negative half cycles of the
input AC signal a bridge rectifier enables electric current [9],
[10].

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig. 5. Single-phase full bridge rectifier
Isolated DC-DC Converter
Rectifier is a device which converts AC input into DC output.
In Fig. 6(a), battery is providing dc input to the inverter. It
It is also referred as AC-DC Converter. Fig. 5 shows the
converts this dc input voltage into the ac output voltage. For
single-phase full bridge rectifier. In the circuit arrangement
triggering the switches SPWM technique is used. Transformer
inductive load is applied. Inductive load offers the load current
step-up this voltage level and also provide isolation between
in continuous and ripple free. In operating principle of single-
input and output of dc-dc converter. Rectifier converts ac
phase full bridge rectifier, individual upper group switch (S1,
voltage into dc voltage. L and C filter is designed to reduced
S3) are conducted for positive half-cycle and for negative half-
harmonic contains [7], [8]. Fig. 6(a) shows the simulation
cycle individual bottommost group switch (S2, S4) requisite
model of an isolated dc-dc converter and from fig. 6(b) to fig.
demeanour for load current flow. Though switches S1 and S3
6(n) shows the simulated results. In this paper only motoring
or S2 and S4 cannot demeanour concurrently.
mode has been explained and two quadrant topology has been
During the positive half-cycle, switch S1 and S2 are
incorporated. Therefore, only battery discharging results are
frontward prejudiced and once these dual switches are excited
shown from Fig. 6(b) to Fig. 6(d).
concurrently at wt = , the consignment is attached to the input

Fig. 6(a). Simulation model of an isolated dc-dc converter

Fig. 6(b). SOC of battery Fig. 6(c). Simulated result of battery current

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 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives & Power System

Fig. 6(d). Simulated result of battery voltage Fig. 6(j). Field current of dc motor

Fig. 6(e). Simulated result of transformer primary voltage Fig. 6(k). Electrical torque of dc motor

Fig. 6(f). Simulated result of transformer secondary voltage Fig. 6(l). Speed of dc motor with load

Fig. 6(g). Armature voltage of dc motor

Fig. 6(m). Armature current of dc motor with load

Fig. 6(h). Speed of dc motor

Fig. 6(n). Electrical torque of dc motor with load

Fig. 6(i). Armature current of dc motor

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 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives & Power System

TABLE Inter.Conf. on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT),

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Søren Juhl Andreasen, Peter Omand Rasmussen, and Rui Esteves
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