DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT

M.Sc. THESIS PROPOSAL

ON

TO ASSESS HOW ICT-TOOLS DIRECTLY AFFECT THE ROLE OF THE

PROJECT MANAGER FROM A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE IN PUBLIC BUILDING PROJECTS IN
DIRE DAWA ADMINISTRATION, ETHIOPIA

BY

AHMED HUSSEIN ADEM

MARCH, 2024

DIRE DAWA, ETHIOPIA

1|Page
TO ASSESS HOW ICT-TOOLS DIRECTLY AFFECT THE ROLE OF THE
PROJECT MANAGER FROM A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE IN PUBLIC BUILDING PROJECTS IN
DIRE DAWA ADMINISTRATION, ETHIOPIA

By

Ahmed Hussein Adem

Advisor: Dr. Werku K. Heraru (PhD)

Dire Dawa University

Institute of Technology

School of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Department of Construction Technology and Management

A Thesis Proposal Submitted to the School of Civil Engineering and Architecture

in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in
Construction Technology and Management
MARCH 2024

Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this Master of Science thesis proposal entitled “To assess how ICT-
tools directly affect the role of the project manager from a construction project managerial
perspective in Public Building Projects in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia” is my original
work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University, and all sources of material
used for this thesis have been accordingly acknowledged.

Ahmed Hussein Adem (DDU1305952) ___________________ ________________

Candidate Name Signature Date

ADVISOR APPROVAL
This is to certify that the thesis proposal entitled “To assess how ICT-tools directly affect
the role of the project manager from a construction project managerial perspective in Public
Building Projects in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia” has been submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of the Master of Science with a specialization in Construction
Technology and Management, the Graduate Program of the School of Civil Engineering and
Architecture, and has been carried out by Dr. Werku K. Hareru under my supervision.
Therefore, I recommend that the student has fulfilled the requirements and hence hereby
can submit the thesis proposal to the school for defense.
Dr. Werku K. Hareru (Ph.D.) _____________ __________
Name of principal Advisor Signature Date

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 DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

EXAMINER’S APPROVAL SHEET

_______________________ _______________ _____________

Student Full Name Signature Date

________________________ _______________ ______________

Thesis Advisor Signature Date

Examining Committee Approval

1. ___________________ _______________ ____________

2. ___________________ _______________ ____________

3. ___________________ _______________ ____________

Examiners Signature Date

_____________________ _______________ _____________
Chair head Signature Date

______________________ _______________ _____________

School Postgraduate Coordinator Signature Date

______________________ _______________ _____________
School Dean Signature Date
_____________________ _______________ ____________
PG Director Signature Date
_____________________ _______________ ____________
Scientific Director Signature Date
______________________ _______________ ____________
Finance Team Leader Signature Date

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CONTENTS----------------------------------------------------------------------------PAGE
Summary--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

1.1. BACKGROUND------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

1.2. RESEARCH AIM-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

1.3. RESEARCH GAP-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

1.4. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY-----------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.4.1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY--------------------------------------------------------9
1.5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM-------------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.6. LIMITATIONS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.7. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY ----------------------------------------------------------------10
1.8. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

CHAPTER THREE

2. METHOD--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.1. RESEARCH APPROACH----------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.2. QUALITATIVE STUDY----------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.3. DATA CREATION–INTERVIEWS----------------------------------------------------------------12
2.4. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS--------------------------------------------------------------------13
2.5. DATA ANALYSIS-QUALITATIVE---------------------------------------------------------------13
2.6. VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY------------------------------------------13
CHAPTER FOUR

4. TIMELINE SCHEDULE AND COST BREAKDOWN-------------------------------------------15

4.2. BUDGET -------------------------------------------------------------------------------16

References -------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

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SUMMARY
Digitalization is a hot topic in the construction industry today, with more and more ICT-tools
being used. Web-based project platforms, digital meetings and BIM have all existed for quite a
while, however the progress in using them and exploring the potential takes time. ICT-tools are
usually aimed to make the information flow and communication more efficient, which directly
relates to the project manager in a construction project. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to
understand how digital tools has affected the role of the client’s construction project manager
over the last 5 years. The purpose is to gain knowledge on what consequences the use of digital
tools such as BIM, digital project platforms and digital meetings has had on the role of the
project manager and how they deal with the consequences. In this thesis, a qualitative study
has been performed, where construction project managers were interviewed about their
experiences of ICT-tools and the changes that has occurred over time. The findings were
analysed with a theoretical framework and discussed together with previous research and
knowledge. The theoretical framework includes key aspects of leadership in project
management and four main categories explaining how actors use ICT. The use of BIM was in
particular analysed using the Bew-Richards BIM maturity model. The study shows that there
has been an increase in use of ICT-tools in construction projects over the last 5 years, and that
there are both benefits and challenges for the project manager with all three types of digital
tools that were in this study. BIM, digital project platforms and digital meetings. The primary
benefits were shown to be that the tools increase time efficiency in the project manager role
and it facilitates communication. However, there is less personal contact with project team
members and other challenges with getting project participants to the same use of the tools. To
increase the significance of the benefits and decrease the negative consequences, the
construction project manager should implement a leadership style focused on the human side,
with more follow-ups, structure and routines. Technical knowledge about the ICT-tools is also
beneficial to the project manager to have since it increases the possibility to guide the project
team members in a good way.
Key word: BIM, ICT TOOLS, BIM maturity model, digital project platforms

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 1.2. Background
In an industry that has been previously slow at adapting to the digital community (Headrick, 2017),
more and more digital methods, tools and software emerge to handle the increasing complex
construction projects. Over the last 25 years the whole building industry has gone through a
substantial change of working processes and communication, due to the IT revolution (Lundgren,
2019). Integrating and using information and communication technologies to their full potential
are one of the most important challenges for businesses across industries today. The pressure on
companies to transform digitally and to make this a strategic priority to seize the opportunities the
digital technologies bring is increasing (Hassaini et al., 2017).
This model is used in this thesis as a base for how the project team members use ICT-tools, which
in return can explain how a project manager can affect a favourable adoption of ICT tools within
the team.
Building Information Modelling:-Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a type of
information communication technology, used for managing construction projects efficiently and
effectively. It originates from Building Description Systems (BDS) that was introduced in 1975
by Charles Eastman. Over the years, the concept has developed in to BIM, which now exists with
a vast amount of different definitions to it (Aryani et al., 2014). As Khosrowshahi (2017, p.50)
states, the two extremes are that BIM is one hand”purely a technical enabler in form of a
sophisticated software”, or on the other “it offers a philosophical framework that offers a paradigm
shift within the construction sector.” In this thesis BIM refers to the definition by Succar et al.,
(2012, p.120), that BIM is “a set of interfacing policies, processes and technologies that generate
a methodology to manage the essential building design and project data in digital format
throughout the building’s lifecycle”.
The purpose of this study is to understand how ICT-tools has affected the role of the client’s
construction project manager over the last 5 years. To gain knowledge on what consequences the
use of ICT- tools such as BIM, digital project platforms and digital meetings has had on the on the
project manager role and how they deal with the consequences.
The model contains the following four key categories:

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 • Personal motivation: Refers to the perceived advantages and disadvantages of ICT use
and perceived time pressure when using them.
• External motivation: Refers to what extent the actors are forced by other actors, which is
connected to contractual arrangements about ICT use and the presence of a requesting
actor.
• Knowledge skills: Refers to what degree actors know how to use ICT tools. With limited
skills, the actors themselves limit the use of ICT.
• Acting opportunities: Refers to what extent ICT can be used in the intended way. This
has to do with alignment between working practices and ICT, and the availability of the
actual ICT-tools.

1.2. Research Aim

BIM proficiently conveys project information and has helped tremendously reduce the number of
conflicts and errors that generally occur with traditional methods, which require skillful
coordination between project teams, which is the most crucial aspect in Project Management.
It should be noted that before BIM, the construction industry was in desperate need of an
information modelling system to reduce time delays, costs, and risks associated with construction
and project management activities, as well as to improve collaboration among stakeholders.
Some of the other advantages of using BIM are enhanced visualization, design of construction
elements harmful to the environment, and improved project integration.

1.3. Research gap

How ICT is used in the construction industry has been researched, as well as users’ opinions on
different ICT-tools (Löfgren, 2006; Wikforss and Löfgren, 2007; Jacobsson and Linderoth, 2012).
The expected benefits to using different ICT-tools have also been thoroughly investigated,
especially concerning BIM. Although research has mainly been performed with a project,
organizational or theoretical perspective, and not based on a study with a project manager
perspective (Ahuja et al., 2010; Azhar, 2011; Bryde et al., 2013; Chen and Luo, 2014; Li et al.,
2017; Rezahoseini et al., 2018; Hoseini et al., 2019).
The factors affecting the implementation and understanding of ICT-tools has been researched in
multiple studies (Hartmann et al., 2012; Jacobsson and Linderoth, 2012; Fox, 2014; Jahanmir and

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and Cavadas, 2018), as well as leadership in digital change (Oberer and Erkollar, 2018). Still, the
project manager perspective is not present in these studies.
This means that there is limited recent research about how ICT-tools directly affect the role of the
project manager from a construction project managerial perspective, especially that has a high
validity and credibility, which is focused on in this study. Cavadas, 2018), as well as leadership
in digital change (Oberer and Erkollar, 2018). Still, the project manager perspective is not present
in these studies
1.4. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study is to assess how ICT-tools directly affect the role of the project
manager from a construction project managerial perspective.
1.4.1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• To assess challenges for the client’s construction project manager exists when using ICT
tools
• To examine the client’s construction project manager benefitted by using different ICT-
tools in the construction process.
• To assess changes in digitalization of the project manager work has occurred over the last
5 years.
• To assess new requirements on the role of the client’s construction project manager does
using ICT-tools in project works.
1.5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What challenges for the client’s construction project manager exists when using ICT tools?
2. How is the client’s construction project manager benefitted by using different ICT- tools in
the construction process?
3. What changes in digitalization of the project manager work has occurred over the last 5
years?
4. What new requirements on the role of the client’s construction project manager does using
ICT-tools in project work bring?
1.6. Limitations
One of the main limitations within this study was that all interviewees are employed at the same
consultancy firm and can be affected by the same values and company culture to incur bias in their
answers. When writing about the project manager in this thesis, it is presumed to be a construction

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project manager working within the construction industry. The project manager referred to in this
thesis are also presumed to be working for the client, and not the contractor of the construction
project. This is the most common case at the consultancy firm which this thesis is written in
collaboration with.
1.7. The Organization of the Study
The organization of a research proposal on “the challenges of contract management in
construction projects” could be as follows:
1. Introduction: This section should provide an overview of the research problem, research
questions, and research objectives. It should also provide a brief background of the
construction industry and the importance of contract management in construction projects.
2. Literature review: This section should provide a comprehensive review of the existing
literature on contract management in construction projects. It should identify the key
challenges associated with contract management and discuss the potential solutions
proposed in previous studies.
3. Methodology: This section should describe the research design, data collection methods,
and data analysis techniques that will be used to address the research questions. It should
also discuss the limitations of the study and how they will be addressed.
4. Expected outcomes: This section should describe the expected outcomes of the study and
how they will contribute to our understanding of contract management challenges in
construction projects.
5. Conclusion: This section should summarize the main findings of the study and discuss
their implications for future research and practice.
1.8.DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

BIM- Building Information Modeling (Smith, 2014; Jacobsson and Merschbrock, 2018;
Rezahoseini et al., 2018)
CAD Computer Aided Design (Zhou et al., 2012)

Digitization -The process of converting analogue information to a digital format (Ritter and
Pedersen, 2020).
Digitalization -The integration of digital technologies into everyday life, which impacts how work
gets done (Ritter and Pedersen, 2020).

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Project Platforms: - It is software online used to communicate, collaborate and organize projects.
Is also referred to as project networks (Löfgren, 2006)

Digital meetings/ Virtual meetings Meetings using digital technology to connect geographically
separated people in real-time, through audio either with or without video. It includes online
meetings, sometimes complemented by other forms of digital collaboration such as document
sharing and chats (Arnfalk et al., 2020)
ICT- Information and Communication Technology (Lam, Wong and Tse, 2010).

ICT-tools: - A term for devices or applications used in information and communication

technology, e.g. cellular phones, computers, network hardware or software, videoconferencing and
other applications associated with the devices ( (Kondra, 2020)). Used interchangeably with
digital tools and IT-tools.
2D:- Two dimensional: height and width ( (Rezahoseini et al., 2018)).
3D:- Three dimensional: height, width and depth (Rezahoseini et al., 2018)

4D:-Four dimensional: height, width and depth plus an integrated time plan (Rezahoseini et al.,
2018)

5D: - Five dimensional: height, width and depth plus time plan and cost estimations (Rezahoseini
et al., 2018)

Influence: the effect of contract management on the effectiveness of procurement.

Contract: is a set of documents, governed and restricted by law, that clearly establish the
boundaries, extent, and intent of the executing parties’ relationship, along with the rights and
responsibilities of the entities involved.

Contract management: the entire contracting process from planning through contract
administration, including contract close-out.

Effectiveness: producing the intended or expected result; it is about doing the right things.

Procurement: the act of getting possession of goods.

Goods: finished products, equipment and commodities.

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2. Method
2.1. Research approach
This thesis is made with an abductive approach, which is a combination of a deductive and an
inductive approach. A deductive study implies that theoretical concepts are used to explain
empirics, while an inductive approach means that empirics are used to explain theoretical concepts
(Saunders et al., 2009; Bhattacherjee, 2012). This means that an abductive approach means to
alternate between empirics and theoretical concepts. The abductive approach was chosen after
realizing that the theoretical framework was not sufficient to analyse the findings of the interviews.
This implicates that a deductive approach was the starting point, although changed along the work
process of this thesis.
2.2. Qualitative study
In this thesis, qualitative study has been performed. The decision to use a qualitative study was
made due to the kind of topic, which is within the social sciences research field. As Leung (2015,
p.324) states: “The essence of qualitative research is to make sense of and recognize patterns
among words in order to build up a meaningful picture without compromising its richness and
dimensionality.
A qualitative study is of a descriptive character and comes to good use in a social sciences field,
when trying to understand the meaning of human senses and subjectivity (Leung, 2015). This type
of study is based the data creation expressed in words, which cannot be standardized (Saunders et
al., 2009). For these reasons, a qualitative study for the subject of this thesis is a good fit.
2.3. Data Creation–Interviews
For the data creation part of this study, 12 semi-structured interviews have been performed with
construction project managers to gather empirics about the subject. One test-interview was
performed before the interviews with the professionals took place. After the third interview, the
interview questions were slightly revised. The interviews were performed in Swedish, as is the
interviewees’ professional language. This decision was made to avoid unnecessary language
barriers. Thus, quotes provided by the interviewees to this study are freely translated by the author.
The guiding questions used in the semi-structured interviews can be found in appendix a (in
Swedish). Though keeping in mind that they were solely guiding questions, and additional question
were added based on the answers during the interviews to get high-quality answers.

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2.4. Ethical considerations
Ethical guidelines by the Swedish research council have been followed, taking into consideration
the four principles presented in their codex to conduct ethically good research (Vetenskapsrådet,
2002). The following principles are:
• The requirement of information: The interviewee was given information about the study, topic
of the interview and what the information from the interview would be used. Other information
about their rights as voluntary participants and conditions of participating was also given.
• The requirement of consent: The interviewee gave informed consent for the interview to be
recorded and transcribed. The interviewee was also informed about the right to withdraw consent
up until one week after the interview had taken place, without any consequences.
• The requirement of confidentiality: The information the interviewee provided was and is kept
under confidentiality of the researcher. This by the researcher being the only one having direct
access to the recordings and making sure the interviewees are anonymous in the thesis. Although
the interviewees were informed that the recordings could be made available for the supervisor of
this thesis work, but no other third parties have access to their details.
• The requirement of usage: The information from the study will solely be used for the purpose
of the study, and not commercial use or other non-scientific purposes.
2.5. Data analysis-Qualitative
Qualitative data is supposed to be analysed qualitatively, which is what has been done in this study.
To analyse qualitatively is to focus on the meaning and interpretations of the results from the data
creation, rather than counting statements as would have been done in a quantitative analysis
(Saunders et al., 2009).
2.6. Validity, reliability and transparency
According to Leung (2015), validity in qualitative studies is about “appropriateness” of different
tools, processes and data used in research. This means that validity refers to appropriateness of the
chosen method to the study, among other aspects. The study includes both theoretical and
empirical perspectives, which is an aspect that raises the validity compared to only using one
perspective. The selection of project managers to interview in this study was made to assure a
validity, based on the fact that they were selected to create a diverse group with different levels of
experience and age.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4. TIMELINE SCHEDULE AND COST BREAKDOWN

Table 4.1. Work plan (Works Schedule/Plan)

SN Activities Durati Time frame in months starting from (November 15, 20223G.C up to February 25, 2024 G.C)

on November December January February

W2 W W W W W W W W W W W W2 W W4
3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 3

1. Literature review 102

days

2. Identify research gap 14 days

3. Modification on topic 1 days

4. Develop conceptual 2 days

frame work

5. Organizing chapter one 4 days

(introduction)

6. Conducting and prepare 7 days

chapter -2 (literature
review on each
objective of the
research)

7. Develop and organize 7 days

chapter-3 (research
methodology)

8. Organizing and writing 7 days

of thesis research
proposal

9. Proposal submission 7 days

and presentation

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10 Data collecting and 22 days
organization

11. Data analysis 15 days

12. Preparation of first draft 7 days

thesis report

13. Finalization of the final 9 days

thesis report

4.2. BUDGET

No. Item Unit Quantity Rate(birr) Amount(Birr)

1. Data Collection

1.1 principal investigator Number 1 4000.00 4000.00

1.2 data collector _ 2 1500.00 3000.00

1.3 Video camera rental _ 1 4000.00 4000.00

1.6 flash disk 1 300.00 300.00

1.7 Vehicle Rent Days 10 500.00 5000.00

Sub Total 16,300.00

2.Document Preparation

2.1 Blue print Page 100 2.00 200.00

2.2 Color print Page 100 10.00 1000.00

2.3 Copy Page 400 1.00 400.00

2.4 Binding No. of bind 4 20.00 80.00

Sub Total 1680.00

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Misllaneous 3000.00

Grand Total 400,980.00

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 6. References
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