BTEC LEARNER ASSESSMENT SUBMISSION AND DECLARATION

When submitting evidence for assessment, each learner must sign a declaration confirming that the
work is their own.

Learner Name: R.G Chathura Ranathunga

Pearson Reg 509631/ PF37572

Assessor Name: Ms. Heshani Dissanayaka

BTEC Programme Title: HND in Engineering (Electrical and Electronics)

Unit 44:Industrial Power, Electronics and

Unit or Component Number and Title:
Storage

Assignment Title: Global Energy Demand

Date Assignment Submitted:

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any
sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice.

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Energy Sources of the World
All sources of energy in this world can be divided into two categories
1. Renewable Energy
2. Non-renewable Energy.

Renewable energy is energy that can be re-accumulated over a short period of time. According to
the definition by the International Energy Agency (IEA), “renewable energy is the energy that is
derived from natural processes that are constantly replenished such as solar, wind, biomass,
geothermal, hydropower, ocean resources, electricity, and hydrogen derived from those
renewable resources” (OECD, 2014). Whereas non-renewable energy as its name depicts cannot be
replenished and Non-renewable energy supplies are limited to the amounts that we can mine or
extract from the earth. Coal, natural gas, and petroleum formed over thousands of years from the
buried remains of ancient sea plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. That is why we
also call those energy sources fossil fuels.

Energy plays a fundamental role in our societies, as it does in our daily life. Electricity allows the
functioning of lighting systems, office machines, as well as of household appliances and electronics.
Oil products enable transport, and therefore trade and commerce. Industry depends on energy
supply, as does agriculture. In practical terms, without energy, we would not be able to carry out
basic daily activities such as taking a hot shower in the morning, cooking our breakfast, driving kids
to school, and then working on our computer, possibly in an adequately air-conditioned office. That
is, energy is a key prerequisite for modern life.

It should also be outlined that developed countries have managed over time to make better use of
energy by enhancing their levels of energy efficiency. While energy intensity (i.e., the indicator
measuring the amount of energy consumed to produce the same amount of wealth, such as a unit of
GDP) has decreased in nearly all world regions, the strongest reductions have indeed occurred in
developed countries. This has been the result of an economic transition from energy-intensive
manufacturing to services, as well as of energy efficiency enhancements. In 2016, developed
countries used on average 12 per cent less energy per dollar of GDP than developing countries

Accounting for 22 per cent of global demand in 2016, China has become the main energy-
consuming country in the world, while the United States rank second (with 16 per cent of global
demand). India, Russia, and Japan rank third, fourth, and fifth respectively. Together, these five
countries account for more than half of global energy demand (see the table).
Non-renewable Energy Sources
The non-renewable sources of energy include coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear sources (energy
formed by the fission of nuclei) and tar sands (sands from which oils are extracted).

Non-renewable energy resources extracted directly from the earth. This can be directly from the
ground or a mine. The reserves of these substances took billions of years to form, and it will take
billions of years to replace the supplies used. As such, the supplies of non-renewable resources are
finite and cannot be replaced. Humans extract these resources in gas, liquid, or solid form and then
convert them to suit their needs.
Crude oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium are non-renewable resources. These are all processed into
products that can be used commercially. For instance, the fossil fuel industry extracts crude oil from
the ground and converts it to gasoline. Fossil fuel liquids also are refined into petrochemical
products that are used as ingredients in the manufacture of literally hundreds of products from
plastics and polyurethane to solvents.

Some types of groundwater are considered non-renewable resources if the aquifer is unable to be
replenished at the same rate at which it's drained.

Most of the countries heavily dependent on non-renewable energy sources, And It's estimated that
about 80% of all of the world's energy consumption contributed by burning fossil fuels.1 Not only
does this put a huge strain on the available supply but it also has a major impact on the
environment. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, this leads to global warming.
 Global energy generating capacity, by source, 2008–2018

Fossil fuels are normally the first thing most people think of when they hear the word non-
renewable resources. Collectively, these are resources that come from the earth. They are extracted
and converted for human consumption, usually as energy sources. What sets them apart from
renewable resources is that their supplies are finite and they aren't considered sustainable because of
the damage they do to the environment.

Renewable Energy Sources

Throughout most of human history, biomass from plants was the main energy source, which was
burned for heat and to feed. Non-renewable sources began replacing most of renewable energy use
in the United States in the early 1800s, and by the early-1900s, fossil fuels were the main sources of
energy. Use of biomass for heating homes remained a source of energy but mainly in rural areas and
for supplemental heat in urban areas. In the mid-1980s, use of biomass and other forms of
renewable energy began increasing largely because of incentives for their use, especially for
electricity generation. Many countries are working to increase renewable energy use as a way to
help reduce and avoid carbon dioxide emissions.

Renewable energy source is the one which renews on its own. There are many ways in which
renewable energy can be obtained:
Solar Energy
Solar energy can be captured “actively” or “passively”. Active solar energy uses special technology
to capture the sun’s rays. The two main types of equipment are photovoltaic cells (also called PV
cells or solar cells) and mirrors that focus sunlight in a specific spot. These active solar technologies
use sunlight to generate electricity, which we use to power lights, heating systems, computers, and
televisions.
Passive solar energy does not use any equipment. Instead, it gets energy from the way sunlight
naturally changes throughout the day. For example, people can build houses so their windows face
the path of the sun. This means the house will get more heat from the sun. It will take less energy
from other sources to heat the house.

Other examples of passive solar technology are green roofs, cool roofs, and radiant barriers. Green
roofs are completely covered with plants. Plants can get rid of pollutants in rainwater and air. They
help make the local environment cleaner.

Cool roofs are painted white to better reflect sunlight. Radiant barriers are made of a reflective
covering, such as aluminium. They both reflect the sun’s heat instead of absorbing it. All these
types of roofs help lower the amount of energy needed to cool the building.

Advantages and Disadvantages

There are many advantages to using solar energy. PV cells last for a long time, about 20 years.
However, there are reasons why solar power cannot be used as the only power source in a
community. It can be expensive to install PV cells or build a building using passive solar
technology. Sunshine can also be hard to predict. It can be blocked by clouds, and the sun doesn’t
shine at night. Different parts of Earth receive different amounts of sunlight based on location, the
time of year, and the time of day.
Wind Energy
People have been harnessing the wind’s energy for a long period of time. Five-thousand years ago,
ancient Egyptians made boats powered by the wind. In 200 B.C.E., people used windmills to grind
grain in the Middle East and pump water in China. Today, we capture the wind’s energy with wind
turbines. A turbine is similar to a windmill; It has a very tall tower with two or three propeller-like
blades at the top. These blades are turned by the wind. The blades turn a generator (located inside
the tower), which creates electricity. Groups of wind turbines are known as wind farms. Wind farms
can be found near farmland, in narrow mountain passes, and even in the ocean, where there are
steadier and stronger winds. Wind turbines anchored in the ocean are called “offshore wind farms.”
Wind farms create electricity for nearby homes, schools, and other buildings.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Wind energy can be very efficient. In places like the Midwest in the United States and along coasts,
steady winds can provide cheap, reliable electricity. Another great advantage of wind power is that
it is a “clean” form of energy. Wind turbines do not burn fuel or emit any pollutants into the air.

Wind is not always a steady source of energy, however. Wind speed changes constantly, depending
on the time of day, weather, and geographic location. Currently, it cannot be used to provide
electricity for all our power needs.Wind turbines can also be dangerous for bats and birds. These
animals cannot always judge how fast the blades are moving and crash into them.
Geo-thermal Energy
Deep beneath the surface is Earth’s core. The Centre of Earth is extremely hot-thought to be over
6,000°C (about 10,800 °F).The heat is constantly moving toward the surface.

We can see some of Earth’s heat when it bubbles to the surface. Geothermal energy can melt
underground rocks into magma and cause the magma to bubble to the surface as lava. Geothermal
energy can also heat underground sources of water and force it to spew out from the surface. This
stream of water is called a geyser.
However, most of Earth’s heat stays underground and makes its way out quite slowly.We can
access underground geothermal heat in different ways. One way of using geothermal energy is with
“geothermal heat pumps.” A pipe of water loops between a building and holes dug deep
underground. The water is warmed by the geothermal energy underground and brings the warmth
above ground to the building. Geothermal heat pumps can be used to heat houses, sidewalks, and
even parking lots.

Another way to use geothermal energy is with steam. In some areas of the world, there is
underground steam that naturally rises to the surface. The steam can be piped straight to a power
plant. However, in other parts of the world, the ground is dry. Water must be injected underground
to create steam. When the steam comes to the surface, it is used to turn a generator and create
electricity.

In Iceland, there are large reservoirs of underground water. Almost 90 percent of people in Iceland
use geothermal as an energy source to heat their homes and businesses.

Advantages and Disadvantages

An advantage of geothermal energy is that it is clean. It does not require any fuel or emit any
harmful pollutants into the air.

Geothermal energy is only available in certain parts of the world. Another disadvantage of using
geothermal energy is that in areas of the world where there is only dry heat underground, large
quantities of freshwater are used to make steam. There may not be a lot of freshwater. People need
water for drinking, cooking, and bathing.
Basic of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy. BASICS. [Online] [Cited: june 30, 2023.]
https://www.basic-concept.com/c/basic-of-renewable-and-non-renewable-solar-energy-.