Global Security Issues - Dino Mahmutovic

Part 1:

Example of Global How is this a threat to How has international

Threats global security?
Natural and Human - The natural and human-
Induced Disasters induced disasters have
caused damage to important
infrastructure in the form of
tornados, tsunamis,
hurricanes, earthquakes, and
oil spill devastation. These
disasters have caused major
loss of life within ecosystems
and urban settings, and it
created humanitarian
problems that would majorly
need international help and
strong intervention.
- The disasters have caused
long term environmental
damage as it can affect
biodiversity, air quality, and
water quality.
law responded
- The international law has
responded by identifying and
preparing for the natural and
human induced disasters by
creating the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction as one of its
examples.
- The Sendai Framework
itself was created in March of
2015 and it was the first to be
legally approved in 2015 by
the international community.
This was done in order to
make development easier
and lessen the effects of the
disasters towards important
infrastructure, the
environment, and the people.

- These disasters that are

large are able to disrupt
economic chains for the
global supply, which can
further impact prices and
result in economic losses that
take place in regional and
global settings.

- The instability from the

effects of the disasters have
resulted in political instability,
problematic conflicts, and
continuous pressures that
relate with migration towards
global security.
Technology - Technology has been a
threat towards public health,
specifically the
pharmaceutical crimes, such
as the production of fake and
stolen drugs and other
medical devices.
- The production of illegal
drugs is done through
counterfeiting and the
falsification of medical
products, specifically how the
products are packaged and
its associated documentation.
- Technology has allowed the
production of these illegal
drugs, money laundering,
document forgery, human
trafficking, goods,
cybercrime, and organized
crime. Furthermore, the drugs
can cause harm to public
health as it can cause heart
attacks, comas, and
premature deaths.
- The illegal drugs and goods
have increased within the
internet trade because of the
technology used, which can
be bought at a cheap price
without the use of a
prescription. On the internet
market, illegal drugs are sold
in areas, which include Asia,
Africa, and Latin Africa that
make up 30% of the market
in particular.
Terrorism - The act of terrorism can
negatively affect the national
region as no other country is
invulnerable against terrorism
because of globalization.
- The international law has
allowed the police forces from
around the world to
cooperate on the issue as
there is an international
police force that is called the
Interpol.
- The Interpol is to allow
police to work as an overall
unit from around the world in
order to make the world a
safer place. The Interpol uses
high tech infrastructure that
are technical and support the
needs that come from the
crimes, which include the
technology that has helped to
produce illicit drugs.
- The operation known as
Pangeas was used to target
pharmaceutical crime, which
also involved the Mastercard
credit company to work with
Interpol in order to help
recognize and solve criminal
activity that has taken place.
- The United Nations made a
methodical plan that involves
counter-terrorism in order to
strongly solve high
unemployment, increased
poverty, and political turmoil.
- The United Nations is to
 - Terrorism can increase if
there is political and regional
conflict, increased poverty,
and less access to resources.
- Terrorism causes
governments to enable other
laws that can limit the civil
rights for other people, which
can also cause the families to
not have standard access to
the services, specifically
education and health care.
- Terrorism can cause
conflicts over the border
within other countries. The
terrorist groups have caused
people to leave their own
homes and the young people
are physically lured to join
other terrorism groups in
order to further spread
terrorism.
Climate Change - Climate change can cause
certain environments like
water levels to increase more
than normal, which can cause
people to move away from
their homes. It can also
cause the hospitals, schools,
courts, and various
government institutions to
relocate from the effects of
help further solve the causes
of this problem and focuses
to support the nations in their
goals of fighting off terrorism
by the methods of training of
personnel, easing democratic
elections, and resolving the
human rights abuses that are
the causes of terrorism itself.
- Interpol have made their
own counter-terrorism
methodical plan that involves
the collection of data of
people who have committed
terrorist offenses.
- The Interpol also provided
international alerts to warn
people of other terrorists. The
alerts are color coded in red,
blue, green, and yellow
notices. For blue notices,
they are for collecting
personal information about a
person who is suspected to
be in relation to the crime.
For red notices, they are for
people who are wanted by
the national authorities and
are notified across all
countries. For green notices,
they are for providing
warnings and informational
intelligence about the people
who have done awful crimes.
For yellow notices, they are
for notifying people who are
missing.
- Policy changes were legally
suggested by Evan Fraser,
which involve the policies to
be more accessible in order
to support the food systems
within Canada.
 climate change.
- The healthcare, necessary
education, and practical
policies can become
non-existent as a result of
climate change. This can be
a problem and can further
cause wars or long lasting
conflicts within the
neighboring regions.
- Climate change can cause
an increase in unemployment
and the loss of land, which
can further cause the energy
sources to become more
expensive and unavailable for
use.
- Climate change is able to
change the environment in
unfortunate ways, which can
cause the crops of foods to
be lost and lead to the
increase of food cost
because of climate change
itself.
Cybersecurity and - The cyber attacks have led
cyberterrorism to huge financial reductions
for both economies and other
businesses. This big
economic impact has affected
millions of people as their
data was being stolen.
- Cyberterrorism has made
an appearance as a threat to
national security as it can
likely harm important
infrastructure, such as
financial systems, power
grids, and networks that
relate with communication,
which can harm other lives
who live off this kind of
- The development that
relates to law and policy can
help solve the issues of
climate change, which can
make the corporations to
rightfully be responsible for
using pollution while the
domestic laws can be
renewed for the greater good.
- Paying farmers more than
the normal amount for their
agricultural work can make
farmers have more effort
towards maintaining habitats
and providing increased
biodiversity.
- Taxing pollution or waste
can reduce climate change
and greatly reduce the
likelihood of throwing food
away to generate additional
waste.
- There have been
international treaties and
conventions being placed in
response to the cyber
attacks. Various norms and
other agreements have been
implemented to help solve
the issues of cybercrimes. As
an example, the convention
from Budapest had supported
computer crime through the
harmonization of international
laws, which had improved the
necessary cooperation
among the other nations in
relation to this issue.
infrastructure.
- People are at risk of getting
their data stolen, which can
lead to identity theft, and
breaches within privacy.
- Other countries have
formed strong alliances in
order to improve the
cooperation within
cybersecurity. The NATO
Cooperative Cyber Defence
Centre of Excellence has
been established to resolve
this cybersecurity issue.
- Other countries have made
their own legislation and
cybersecurity plans in order
to defend their infrastructure,
reduce the cybercrimes, and
provide effective protection of
data.
Part 2: Chemical Weapons Convention

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) wants to reduce the use of chemical weapons and
not allow its potential use, production and development, and transfer in stockpiling. The CWC is
developed within the auspices of the United Nations, and the convention was opened for
endorsement in the year of 1993, which was later introduced into action in the year of 1997.
Furthermore, the convention was the reply to the global consensus that was opposed to using
chemical weapons, which was evidently shown by a chemical weapon’s destructive nature
during the times of World War I and the related conflicts. In addition, the Organization of the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was introduced in order to strongly apply the CWC
for the better, which supervised the destructive nature of the stockpiles from the chemical
weapons and provisions by using monitoring and inspection methods. For Canada participation
in the CWC, Canada is considered as a founding member of the CWC and has also been
consistently involved in its newfound support and establishment. Furthermore, Canada has
ratified the convention itself in the year of 1995, which further demonstrates its contributions
towards global disarmament and various non-proliferation attempts. With Canada being a party
to the treaty, Canada has always attached itself to CWC’s ideal provisions, which include the
demolition of chemical weapons, the non-production of newer additions to chemical warfare, the
chemical weapon-related facilities declaration. Additionally, the member States can measure the
conclusive progress of the CWC by analyzing the various objectives of the CWC in terms of
declaration and confirmation, the demolition of the chemical weapons, and the cooperation and
use of enforcement. For declaration and confirmation, the States Parties are needed in order to
start their stockpiles of chemical weapons, the production facilities for the chemical weapons,
and any other chemical industries that are relevant. The OPCW would maintain the inspections
in order to confirm these kinds of declarations and also the destructive force of the other
facilities and stockpiles. For the demolition of the chemical weapons, the intended progression
towards the elimination of the stockpiles for the chemical weapons is an important measurement
towards the success of the CWC. Also, the State Parties are rightfully compelled to eliminate
their own chemical weapons and the facilities of production for the chemical weapons within the
confirmation of the OPCW. For the cooperation and use of enforcement, the OPCW reviews the
cooperation through standard reporting, various inspections, and standard inquiries of
suspected chemical weapons use. The non-cooperation can result in enforcement, which can
lead to standard referrals towards the United Nations Security Council itself.
 References

Achievements in Chemical Weapons Destruction. Organization for the Prohibition of

…..Chemical Weapons (OPCW). (2023).

…..https://www.opcw.org/sites/default/files/documents/2022/06/220429_DG_Speech_C

…..ompetence%20Network%20CBWNet_WEB%20(1).pdf

Chemical weapons. Government of Canada. (2023, August 21).

…..https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpe

…..ment/peace_security-paix_securite/chemical_weapons-armes_chimiques.aspx?lang

…..=eng

Canadian National Authority to the Chemical Weapons Convention. Government of

…..Canada. (2022, October 19).

…..https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpe

…..ment/peace_security-paix_securite/national_authority-autorite_nationale.aspx?lang=

.....eng