‭Unit‬‭3:‬‭Expansion‬‭&‬‭Disunion‬
‭Key‬‭Terms‬‭&‬‭EQs‬
‭3.1‬‭-‬‭3.2‬‭Key‬‭Terms‬
‭Sectionalism‬‭v.‬‭Nationalism‬
‭ ationalism‬‭is‬‭“a‬‭feeling‬‭of‬‭pride,‬‭loyalty,‬
n
‭and‬‭protectiveness‬‭toward‬‭your‬‭country”.‬
‭Sectionalism‬‭is‬‭“loyalty‬‭to‬‭the‬‭interest‬‭of‬
‭your‬‭own‬‭region‬‭or‬‭section‬‭of‬‭the‬‭country,‬
‭rather‬‭than‬‭to‬‭the‬‭nation‬‭as‬‭a‬‭whole”‬
‭Noah‬‭Webster‬
‭ oah‬‭Webster‬‭Jr.‬‭was‬‭an‬‭American‬
N
‭lexicographer,‬‭textbook‬‭pioneer,‬
‭English-language‬‭spelling‬‭reformer,‬‭political‬
‭writer,‬‭editor,‬‭and‬‭author‬‭.‬
‭Market‬‭Economy‬
I‭s‬‭an‬‭economic‬‭system‬‭in‬‭which‬‭individuals,‬
‭rather‬‭than‬‭the‬‭state,‬‭own‬‭most‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭resources.‬
‭Market‬‭Revolution‬
‭transformed‬‭American‬‭society‬‭in‬‭the‬‭19th‬
‭ entury.‬‭It‬‭introduced‬‭factory‬‭labor,‬‭shifted‬
c
‭the‬‭economy‬‭from‬‭barter‬‭to‬‭wages,‬‭and‬
‭connected‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭to‬‭global‬‭markets.‬
‭Cotton‬‭Gin‬
i‭s‬‭a‬‭machine‬‭that‬‭quickly‬‭and‬‭easily‬
‭separates‬‭cotton‬‭fibers‬‭from‬‭their‬‭seeds‬
‭Interchangeable‬‭Parts‬
i‭dentical‬‭components‬‭that‬‭can‬‭be‬
‭substituted‬‭one‬‭for‬‭another,‬‭particularly‬
‭important‬‭in‬‭the‬‭history‬‭of‬‭manufacturing.‬
‭Steamship/locomotives‬
‭is‬‭a‬‭locomotive‬‭that‬‭provides‬‭the‬‭force‬‭to‬
‭ ove‬‭itself‬‭and‬‭other‬‭vehicles‬‭by‬‭means‬‭of‬
m ‭for‬‭roads,‬‭canals,‬‭and‬‭other‬‭"internal‬
‭the‬‭expansion‬‭of‬‭steam.‬
‭Erie‬‭Canal‬
i‭s‬‭a‬‭historic‬‭canal‬‭in‬‭upstate‬‭New‬‭York‬‭that‬
‭runs‬‭east–west‬‭between‬‭the‬‭Hudson‬‭River‬
‭and‬‭Lake‬‭Erie.‬
‭Telegraph‬
‭is‬‭the‬‭long-distance‬‭transmission‬‭of‬
‭ essages‬‭where‬‭the‬‭sender‬‭uses‬‭symbolic‬
m ‭by‬‭the‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬‭to‬‭be‬‭within‬‭the‬
‭codes,‬‭known‬‭to‬‭the‬‭recipient,‬‭rather‬‭than‬‭a‬
‭physical‬‭exchange‬‭of‬‭an‬‭object‬‭bearing‬‭the‬
‭message.‬
‭Factory‬‭System‬
‭is‬‭a‬‭method‬‭of‬‭manufacturing‬‭using‬
‭ achinery‬‭and‬‭division‬‭of‬‭labor.‬
m ‭Americans‬‭in‬‭the‬‭aftermath‬‭of‬‭the‬‭War‬‭of‬
‭Lowell‬‭Mills‬
‭ ere‬‭19th-century‬‭textile‬‭mills‬‭that‬‭operated‬
w
‭in‬‭the‬‭city‬‭of‬‭Lowell,‬‭Massachusetts,‬‭which‬
‭was‬‭named‬‭after‬‭Francis‬‭Cabot‬‭Lowell;‬‭he‬
‭introduced‬‭a‬‭new‬‭manufacturing‬‭system‬
‭called‬‭the‬‭"Lowell‬‭system",‬‭also‬‭known‬‭as‬
‭the‬‭"Waltham-Lowell‬‭system".‬
‭Old‬‭Immigrants‬
i‭mmigrants‬‭who‬‭arrived‬‭between‬‭the‬‭years‬
‭1820-1890‬
‭Nativism‬
‭is‬‭the‬‭political‬‭policy‬‭of‬‭promoting‬‭or‬
‭ rotecting‬‭the‬‭interests‬‭of‬‭"native-born"‬‭or‬
p
‭established‬‭inhabitants‬‭over‬‭those‬‭of‬
‭immigrants,‬‭including‬‭the‬‭support‬‭of‬
‭anti-immigration‬‭and‬‭immigration-restriction‬
‭measures.‬
‭King‬‭Cotton‬
‭ hrase‬‭frequently‬‭used‬‭by‬‭Southern‬
p ‭Congress's‬‭legislative‬‭power‬‭and‬‭how‬‭it‬
‭politicians‬‭and‬‭authors‬‭prior‬‭to‬‭the‬‭American‬
‭Civil‬‭War,‬‭indicating‬‭the‬‭economic‬‭and‬
‭political‬‭importance‬‭of‬‭cottgon‬‭production.‬
‭Nat‬‭Turner‬‭Rebellion‬
‭ istorically‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Southampton‬
h t‭he‬‭United‬‭States‬‭that‬‭expanded‬‭suffrage‬‭to‬
‭Insurrection,‬‭was‬‭a‬‭rebellion‬‭of‬‭enslaved‬
‭Virginians‬‭that‬‭took‬‭place‬‭in‬‭Southampton‬
‭County,‬‭Virginia,‬‭in‬‭August‬‭1831.‬‭Led‬‭by‬
‭Nat‬‭Turner,‬‭the‬‭rebels‬‭killed‬‭between‬‭55‬
‭and‬‭65‬‭White‬‭people,‬‭making‬‭it‬‭the‬
‭deadliest‬‭slave‬‭revolt‬‭in‬‭U.S.‬‭history.‬
‭Nationalism‬
I‭s‬‭an‬‭idea‬‭and‬‭movement‬‭that‬‭holds‬‭that‬‭the‬
‭nation‬‭should‬‭be‬‭congruent‬‭with‬‭the‬‭state.‬
‭Clay’s‬‭American‬‭System‬
‭ his‬‭"System"‬‭consisted‬‭of‬‭three‬‭mutually‬
T ‭existed‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭during‬‭the‬
‭reinforcing‬‭parts:‬‭a‬‭tariff‬‭to‬‭protect‬‭and‬
‭promote‬‭American‬‭industry;‬‭a‬‭national‬‭bank‬
‭to‬‭foster‬‭commerce;‬‭and‬‭federal‬‭subsidies‬
‭improvements"‬‭to‬‭develop‬‭profitable‬
‭markets‬‭for‬‭agriculture.‬
‭Marshall’s‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬
‭ he‬‭Marshall‬‭Court,‬‭and‬‭this‬‭decision‬‭in‬
T ‭election‬‭was‬‭the‬‭11th‬‭quadrennial‬
‭particular,‬‭established‬‭the‬‭principle‬‭of‬
‭"judicial‬‭review"‬‭whereby‬‭Congressional‬
‭laws‬‭and‬‭executive‬‭actions‬‭may‬‭be‬‭judged‬
‭bounds‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Constitution.‬
‭Era‬‭of‬‭Good‬‭Feelings‬
‭ ‬‭period‬‭in‬‭the‬‭political‬‭history‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬
a ‭“Corrupt‬‭Bargain”‬
‭States‬‭that‬‭reflected‬‭a‬‭sense‬‭of‬‭national‬
‭purpose‬‭and‬‭a‬‭desire‬‭for‬‭unity‬‭among‬
‭1812‬
‭Monroe‬‭Doctrine‬
‭is‬‭a‬‭United‬‭States‬‭foreign‬‭policy‬‭position‬
t‭hat‬‭opposes‬‭European‬‭colonialism‬‭in‬‭the‬
‭Western‬‭Hemisphere.‬‭It‬‭holds‬‭that‬‭any‬
‭intervention‬‭in‬‭the‬‭political‬‭affairs‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭Americas‬‭by‬‭foreign‬‭powers‬‭is‬‭a‬‭potentially‬
‭hostile‬‭act‬‭against‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States.‬
‭Gibbons‬‭v.‬‭Ogden‬
‭was‬‭a‬‭landmark‬‭decision‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Supreme‬
‭ ourt‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭which‬‭held‬‭that‬
C
‭the‬‭power‬‭to‬‭regulate‬‭interstate‬‭commerce,‬
‭which‬‭is‬‭granted‬‭to‬‭the‬‭US‬‭Congress‬‭by‬‭the‬
‭Commerce‬‭Clause‬‭of‬‭the‬‭US‬‭Constitution,‬
‭encompasses‬‭the‬‭power‬‭to‬‭regulate‬
‭navigation‬
‭McCulloch‬‭v.‬‭Maryland‬
‭was‬‭a‬‭landmark‬‭U.S.‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬
‭ ecision‬‭that‬‭defined‬‭the‬‭scope‬‭of‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬
d
‭relates‬‭to‬‭the‬‭powers‬‭of‬‭American‬‭state‬
‭legislatures.‬
‭Jacksonian‬‭Democracy‬
‭was‬‭a‬‭19th-century‬‭political‬‭philosophy‬‭in‬
‭most‬‭white‬‭men‬‭over‬‭the‬‭age‬‭of‬‭21‬‭and‬
‭restructured‬‭a‬‭number‬‭of‬‭federal‬
‭institutions‬‭.‬
‭Universal‬‭Suffrage‬
‭ nsures‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬‭vote‬‭for‬‭as‬‭many‬‭people‬
e
‭who‬‭are‬‭bound‬‭by‬‭a‬‭government's‬‭laws‬‭as‬
‭possible,‬‭as‬‭supported‬‭by‬‭the‬‭"one‬‭person,‬
‭one‬‭vote"‬‭principle.‬
‭Whig‬‭Party‬
‭ as‬‭a‬‭conservative‬‭political‬‭party‬‭that‬
w
‭mid-19th‬‭century.‬‭Alongside‬‭the‬‭slightly‬
‭larger‬‭Democratic‬‭Party,‬‭it‬‭was‬‭one‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭two‬‭major‬‭parties‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬
‭between‬‭the‬‭late‬‭1830s‬‭and‬‭the‬‭early‬‭1850s‬
‭as‬‭part‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Second‬‭Party‬‭System‬
‭Election‬‭of‬‭1824‬‭v‬‭1828‬
‭ he‬‭1828‬‭United‬‭States‬‭presidential‬
T
‭presidential‬‭election.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭held‬‭from‬
‭Friday,‬‭October‬‭31‬‭to‬‭Tuesday,‬‭December‬
‭2,‬‭1828.‬‭It‬‭featured‬‭a‬‭repetition‬‭of‬‭the‬‭1824‬
‭election,‬‭as‬‭President‬‭John‬‭Quincy‬‭Adams‬
‭of‬‭the‬‭National‬‭Republican‬‭Party‬‭faced‬
‭Andrew‬‭Jackson‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Democratic‬‭Party.‬
‭ hree‬‭events‬‭in‬‭American‬‭political‬‭history‬
T
‭have‬‭been‬‭called‬‭a‬‭corrupt‬‭bargain‬
‭Spoils‬‭System‬
I‭n‬‭politics‬‭and‬‭government,‬‭a‬‭spoils‬‭system‬
‭is‬‭a‬‭practice‬‭in‬‭which‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party,‬‭after‬
‭winning‬‭an‬‭election,‬‭gives‬‭government‬‭jobs‬
‭to‬‭its‬‭supporters,‬‭friends,‬‭and‬‭relatives‬‭as‬‭a‬
‭reward‬‭for‬‭working‬
‭Laissez-Faire‬‭Economics‬
‭ he‬‭less‬‭the‬‭government‬‭is‬‭involved‬‭in‬‭the‬
T
‭economy,‬‭the‬‭better‬‭off‬‭business‬‭will‬‭be,‬
‭and‬‭by‬‭extension,‬‭society‬‭as‬‭a‬‭whole.‬
‭Jackson’s‬‭Bank‬‭War‬
‭ he‬‭name‬‭given‬‭to‬‭the‬‭campaign‬‭Andrew‬
T
‭Jackson‬‭began‬‭in‬‭1832‬‭to‬‭decentralize,‬‭and‬
‭eventually‬‭dissolve,‬‭the‬‭Bank‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬
‭States.‬
‭Second‬‭National‬‭Bank‬
‭ as‬‭the‬‭second‬‭federally‬‭authorized‬
w
‭Hamiltonian‬‭national‬‭bank‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬
‭States.‬
‭PET‬‭Banks‬
i‭s‬‭a‬‭derogatory‬‭term‬‭for‬‭state‬‭banks‬
‭selected‬‭by‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭Department‬‭of‬
‭Treasury‬‭to‬‭receive‬‭surplus‬‭Treasury‬‭funds‬
‭in‬‭1833.‬
‭Tariff‬‭of‬‭Abomination‬
‭ outherners,‬‭arguing‬‭that‬‭the‬‭tariff‬
S ‭make‬‭imported‬‭goods‬‭cost‬‭more‬‭than‬
‭enhanced‬‭the‬‭interests‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Northern‬
‭manufacturing‬‭industry‬‭at‬‭their‬‭expense,‬
‭Martin‬‭Van‬‭Buren‬
‭ n‬‭American‬‭lawyer,‬‭diplomat,‬‭and‬
a ‭industry‬
‭statesman‬‭who‬‭served‬‭as‬‭the‬‭eighth‬
‭president‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭from‬‭1837‬‭to‬
‭1841‬
‭Indian‬‭Removal‬‭Act‬
‭ uthorizing‬‭the‬‭president‬‭to‬‭grant‬‭lands‬
a ‭entity.‬
‭west‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Mississippi‬‭in‬‭exchange‬‭for‬
‭Indian‬‭lands‬‭within‬‭existing‬‭state‬‭borders.‬
‭Trail‬‭of‬‭Tears‬
‭ as‬‭an‬‭ethnic‬‭cleansing‬‭and‬‭forced‬
w ‭president‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭from‬‭1825‬‭to‬
‭displacement‬‭of‬‭approximately‬‭60,000‬
‭people‬‭of‬‭the‬‭"Five‬‭Civilized‬‭Tribes"‬
‭between‬‭1830‬‭and‬‭1850‬‭by‬‭the‬‭United‬
‭States‬‭government‬
‭Cherokee‬
‭North‬‭American‬‭Indians‬‭of‬‭Iroquoian‬‭lineage‬
‭Assimilation‬
i‭s‬‭the‬‭process‬‭in‬‭which‬‭a‬‭minority‬‭group‬‭or‬
‭culture‬‭comes‬‭to‬‭resemble‬‭a‬‭society's‬
t‭he‬‭idea‬‭that‬‭white‬‭Americans‬‭were‬‭divinely‬
‭ordained‬‭to‬‭settle‬‭the‬‭entire‬‭continent‬‭of‬
‭North‬‭America.‬
‭Homestead‬‭Act‬‭1862‬
‭ ere‬‭several‬‭laws‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭by‬
w ‭Mexico‬‭by‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭Army‬‭from‬
‭which‬‭an‬‭applicant‬‭could‬‭acquire‬‭ownership‬
‭of‬‭government‬‭land‬‭or‬‭the‬‭public‬‭domain,‬
‭typically‬‭called‬‭a‬‭homestead.‬
‭Louisiana‬‭Purchase‬
t‭he‬‭acquisition‬‭of‬‭the‬‭territory‬‭of‬‭Louisiana‬
‭by‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭from‬‭the‬‭French‬‭First‬
‭Republic‬‭in‬‭1803.‬‭This‬‭consisted‬‭of‬‭most‬‭of‬
‭the‬‭land‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Mississippi‬‭River's‬‭drainage‬
‭basin‬‭west‬‭of‬‭the‬‭river.‬
‭Protective‬‭Tariff‬
t‭ariffs‬‭that‬‭are‬‭enacted‬‭with‬‭the‬‭aim‬‭of‬
‭protecting‬‭a‬‭domestic‬‭industry.‬‭They‬‭aim‬‭to‬
‭equivalent‬‭goods‬‭produced‬‭domestically,‬
‭thereby‬‭causing‬‭sales‬‭of‬‭domestically‬
‭produced‬‭goods‬‭to‬‭rise,‬‭supporting‬‭local‬
‭Doctrine‬‭of‬‭Nullification‬
‭ aintained‬‭that‬‭the‬‭states‬‭have‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬
m ‭Colorado,‬‭and‬‭parts‬‭of‬‭Oklahoma,‬‭Kansas,‬
‭overrule‬‭any‬‭unconstitutional‬‭laws,‬‭with‬‭the‬
‭decision‬‭being‬‭unchallenged‬‭by‬‭any‬‭federal‬
‭John‬‭C.‬‭Calhoun‬
‭ n‬‭American‬‭statesman‬‭and‬‭political‬
a ‭southwestern‬‭New‬‭Mexico‬‭that‬‭the‬‭United‬
‭theorist‬‭who‬‭served‬‭as‬‭the‬‭seventh‬‭vice‬
‭1832.‬
‭States’‬‭Rights‬
‭ olitical‬‭powers‬‭held‬‭for‬‭the‬‭state‬
p ‭ ‬‭gold‬‭rush‬‭that‬‭began‬‭on‬‭January‬‭24,‬
‭governments‬‭rather‬‭than‬‭the‬‭federal‬
‭government‬‭according‬‭to‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬
‭Constitution,‬‭reflecting‬‭especially‬‭the‬
‭enumerated‬‭powers‬‭of‬‭Congress‬‭and‬‭the‬
‭Tenth‬‭Amendment.‬
‭Transcontinental‬‭Railroad‬
t‭housands‬‭of‬‭American‬‭pioneers‬‭in‬‭the‬
‭mid-1800s‬‭to‬‭emigrate‬‭west.‬
‭Mexican‬‭War‬
‭ s‬‭the‬‭Mexican‬‭War,‬‭was‬‭an‬‭invasion‬‭of‬
a
‭1846‬‭to‬‭1848‬
‭Texas‬‭Revolution‬
‭ ‬‭rebellion‬‭of‬‭colonists‬‭from‬‭the‬‭United‬
a
‭States‬‭and‬‭Tejanos‬‭against‬‭the‬‭centralist‬
‭government‬‭of‬‭Mexico‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Mexican‬‭state‬
‭of‬‭Coahuila‬‭y‬‭Tejas.‬
‭Annexation‬‭of‬‭Texas‬
‭ n‬‭December‬‭27,‬‭1845,‬‭U.S.‬‭President‬
O
‭James‬‭K.‬‭Polk‬‭signed‬‭the‬‭annexation‬‭bill‬
‭into‬‭law‬‭and‬‭formally‬‭recognized‬‭Texas‬‭as‬
‭the‬‭28th‬‭state‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Union.‬
‭Treaty‬‭of‬‭Guadalupe-Hidalgo‬
‭ his‬‭treaty,‬‭signed‬‭on‬‭February‬‭2,‬‭1848,‬
T
‭ended‬‭the‬‭war‬‭between‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬
‭and‬‭Mexico.‬‭By‬‭its‬‭terms,‬‭Mexico‬‭ceded‬‭55‬
‭percent‬‭of‬‭its‬‭territory,‬‭including‬‭the‬
‭present-day‬‭states‬‭California,‬‭Nevada,‬
‭Utah,‬‭New‬‭Mexico,‬‭most‬‭of‬‭Arizona‬‭and‬
‭and‬‭Wyoming.‬
‭Gadsden‬‭Purchase‬
i‭s‬‭a‬‭29,640-square-mile‬‭region‬‭of‬
‭present-day‬‭southern‬‭Arizona‬‭and‬
‭States‬‭acquired‬‭from‬‭Mexico‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Treaty‬
‭of‬‭Mesilla,‬‭which‬‭took‬‭effect‬‭on‬‭June‬‭8,‬
‭1854.‬
‭California‬‭Gold‬‭Rush‬
a
‭1848,‬‭when‬‭gold‬‭was‬‭found‬‭by‬‭James‬‭W.‬
‭Marshall‬‭at‬‭Sutter's‬‭Mill‬‭in‬‭Coloma,‬
‭California.‬‭The‬‭news‬‭of‬‭gold‬‭brought‬
‭approximately‬‭300,000‬‭people‬‭to‬‭California‬
‭from‬‭the‬‭rest‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭and‬
‭abroad‬

‭majority‬‭group‬‭or‬‭assimilates‬‭the‬‭values,‬
‭behaviors,‬‭and‬‭beliefs‬‭of‬‭another‬‭group‬
‭whether‬‭fully‬‭or‬‭partially.‬
‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬
t‭he‬‭first‬‭continuous‬‭railroad‬‭line‬‭across‬‭the‬
‭United‬‭States.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭constructed‬‭between‬
‭1863‬‭and‬‭1869.‬
‭Oregon‬‭Trail/Territory‬
f‭rom‬‭Independence,‬‭Missouri,‬‭to‬‭Oregon‬
‭City,‬‭Oregon,‬‭that‬‭was‬‭used‬‭by‬‭hundreds‬‭of‬

‭3.1‬‭-‬‭3.2‬‭Essential‬‭Questions‬
‭1)‬ ‭Describe‬‭how‬‭people‬‭viewed‬‭themselves‬‭in‬‭relation‬‭to‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭and‬‭sectionalism‬‭in‬‭the‬‭early‬‭1800s.‬
I‭n‬‭the‬‭early‬‭1800s,‬‭people‬‭often‬‭identified‬‭more‬‭closely‬‭with‬‭their‬‭individual‬‭states‬‭than‬‭with‬‭the‬‭overarching‬‭concept‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭U.S.,‬‭keading‬‭to‬‭heightened‬‭sectionalism‬‭and‬‭regional‬‭loyalty.‬
‭2)‬ ‭Explain‬‭the‬‭differing‬‭view‬‭of‬‭the‬‭economy‬‭and‬‭role‬‭of‬‭government‬‭between‬‭the‬‭northeast,‬‭south,‬‭and‬‭west‬‭during‬‭the‬‭early‬
‭1800s.‬
‭In‬‭the‬‭early‬‭1800s,‬‭the‬‭Northeast‬‭focused‬‭on‬‭industry‬‭and‬‭federal‬‭power,‬‭the‬‭South‬‭prioritized‬‭agriculture‬‭and‬‭limited‬
‭federal‬‭involvement,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭West‬‭aimed‬‭for‬‭economic‬‭growth‬‭and‬‭infrastructure‬‭development.‬
‭3)‬ ‭Compare‬‭and‬‭contrast‬‭sectionalism‬‭with‬‭nationalism.‬
‭Nationalism‬‭is‬‭an‬‭ideology‬‭where‬‭one‬‭has‬‭a‬‭sense‬‭of‬‭identity‬‭and‬‭attachment‬‭to‬‭a‬‭country‬‭while‬‭sectionalism‬‭is‬‭the‬‭same‬
‭concept‬‭applied‬‭to‬‭a‬‭specific‬‭section‬‭of‬‭that‬‭country.‬
 ‭4)‬ D
‭ iscuss‬‭the‬‭ways‬‭in‬‭which‬‭northern‬‭and‬‭southern‬‭lifestyles‬‭were‬‭uniquely‬‭different‬‭and‬‭how‬‭it‬‭led‬‭to‬‭a‬‭natural‬‭rift‬‭within‬‭the‬
‭country.‬
‭Divergent‬‭economies‬‭and‬‭social‬‭structures‬‭between‬‭the‬‭North‬‭and‬‭South‬‭naturally‬‭created‬‭divisions,‬‭fueling‬‭regional‬
‭tensions.‬

‭5)‬ ‭Explain‬‭the‬‭economic‬‭shift‬‭America‬‭went‬‭through‬‭at‬‭the‬‭beginning‬‭of‬‭the‬‭19th‬‭century.‬
‭the‬‭industrial‬‭revolution‬‭shifted‬‭jobs‬‭from‬‭the‬‭farm‬‭to‬‭the‬‭factory.‬‭During‬‭the‬‭industrial‬‭revolution,‬‭entrepreneurs‬‭invented‬
‭machines‬‭to‬‭make‬‭production‬‭faster‬‭and‬‭cheaper.‬
‭ )‬ ‭Identify‬‭and‬‭describe‬‭THREE‬‭key‬‭innovations‬‭of‬‭the‬‭19th‬‭century‬‭that‬‭transformed‬‭the‬‭American‬‭economy.‬
6
‭The‬‭American‬‭Industrial‬‭Revolution‬‭followed‬‭in‬‭the‬‭late‬‭19th‬‭century‬‭and‬‭was‬‭an‬‭engine‬‭of‬‭economic‬‭growth‬‭in‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬
‭The‬‭Industrial‬‭Revolution‬‭led‬‭to‬‭inventions‬‭that‬‭included‬‭the‬‭assembly‬‭line,‬‭telegraph,‬‭steam‬‭engine,‬‭sewing‬‭machine,‬‭and‬
‭internal‬‭combustion‬‭engine.‬
‭7)‬ ‭In‬‭what‬‭ways‬‭did‬‭the‬‭quality‬‭of‬‭life‬‭in‬‭America‬‭improve‬‭since‬‭the‬‭market‬‭revolution?‬‭In‬‭what‬‭ways‬‭has‬‭it‬‭worsened?‬
‭Since‬‭the‬‭market‬‭revolution,‬‭America‬‭has‬‭seen‬‭improved‬‭living‬‭standards‬‭alongside‬‭increased‬‭inequality‬‭and‬
‭environmental‬‭degradation.‬
‭8)‬ ‭Discuss‬‭the‬‭impact‬‭of‬‭the‬‭market‬‭economy‬‭on‬‭socioeconomic‬‭structure.‬
‭Capitalism‬‭also‬‭impacts‬‭meso-level‬‭social‬‭structure‬‭in‬‭many‬‭ways.‬‭Competition‬‭in‬‭the‬‭labor‬‭market‬‭encourages‬‭workers‬‭to‬
‭move‬‭to‬‭areas‬‭with‬‭more‬‭employment‬‭opportunities‬‭and‬‭better‬‭paying‬‭jobs.‬‭For‬‭this‬‭reason,‬‭capitalist‬‭societies‬‭often‬
‭experience‬‭high‬‭levels‬‭of‬‭migration‬‭and‬‭urbanization.‬
‭9)‬ ‭Identify‬‭the‬‭Factors‬‭leading‬‭to‬‭Nationalism?‬
‭It‬‭further‬‭aims‬‭to‬‭build‬‭and‬‭maintain‬‭a‬‭single‬‭national‬‭identity,‬‭based‬‭on‬‭a‬‭combination‬‭of‬‭shared‬‭social‬‭characteristics‬‭such‬
‭as‬‭culture,‬‭ethnicity,‬‭geographic‬‭location,‬‭language,‬‭politics‬‭(or‬‭the‬‭government),‬‭religion,‬‭traditions‬‭and‬‭belief‬‭in‬‭a‬‭shared‬
‭singular‬‭history,‬‭and‬‭to‬‭promote‬‭national‬‭unity‬‭or‬‭solidarity.‬
‭10)‬ ‭What‬‭was‬‭the‬‭purpose‬‭of‬‭the‬‭American‬‭System?‬
‭Henry‬‭Clay's‬‭"American‬‭System,"‬‭devised‬‭in‬‭the‬‭burst‬‭of‬‭nationalism‬‭that‬‭followed‬‭the‬‭War‬‭of‬‭1812,‬‭remains‬‭one‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭most‬‭historically‬‭significant‬‭examples‬‭of‬‭a‬‭government-sponsored‬‭program‬‭to‬‭harmonize‬‭and‬‭balance‬‭the‬‭nation's‬
‭agriculture,‬‭commerce,‬‭and‬‭industry.‬
‭11)‬ ‭How‬‭does‬‭transportation‬‭link‬‭to‬‭the‬‭importance‬‭of‬‭expansion‬‭and‬‭the‬‭American‬‭system?‬
‭Transportation‬‭–‬‭In‬‭order‬‭to‬‭promote‬‭trade‬‭among‬‭the‬‭regions,‬‭North,‬‭South‬‭and‬‭West,‬‭transportation‬‭needed‬‭to‬‭be‬
‭improved.‬‭The‬‭American‬‭System‬‭included‬‭financial‬‭support‬‭for‬‭roads,‬‭canals,‬‭bridges.‬‭These‬‭improvements‬‭to‬‭the‬‭nation's‬
‭infrastructure‬‭would‬‭facilitate‬‭trade‬‭and‬‭increase‬‭accessibility‬‭to‬‭markets.‬
‭12)‬ ‭How‬‭was‬‭the‬‭American‬‭system‬‭an‬‭example‬‭of‬‭big‬‭government?‬
‭The‬‭American‬‭system‬‭showcased‬‭big‬‭government‬‭through‬‭tariffs,‬‭infrastructure‬‭projects,‬‭and‬‭a‬‭national‬‭bank,‬‭aimed‬‭at‬
‭fostering‬‭economic‬‭growth.‬
‭13)‬ ‭How‬‭did‬‭Marshall’s‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬‭decision‬‭change‬‭the‬‭power‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Federal‬‭government?‬
‭Under‬‭John‬‭Marshall,‬‭the‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬‭established‬‭a‬‭distribution‬‭of‬‭constitutional‬‭powers‬‭that‬‭the‬‭country‬‭still‬‭follows.‬
‭The‬‭Court‬‭became‬‭the‬‭final‬‭arbiter‬‭of‬‭the‬‭constitutionality‬‭of‬‭federal‬‭and‬‭state‬‭laws,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭federal‬‭government‬‭exercised‬
‭sovereign‬‭power‬‭over‬‭the‬‭states.‬
‭14)‬ ‭Why‬‭was‬‭Jackson’s‬‭presidency‬‭called‬‭a‬‭“common‬‭Man”‬‭administration?‬
‭the‬‭everyday,‬‭working‬‭class‬‭man‬‭–‬‭not‬‭a‬‭wealthy‬‭landowner‬‭or‬‭man‬‭of‬‭power‬‭like‬‭a‬‭politician.‬‭Andrew‬‭Jackson,‬‭despite‬‭his‬
‭high‬‭office,‬‭became‬‭emblematic‬‭of‬‭the‬‭common‬‭man‬‭because‬‭he‬‭came‬‭from‬‭humble‬‭beginnings.‬‭Democratic-Republican‬
‭Party:‬‭an‬‭American‬‭political‬‭party‬‭formed‬‭by‬‭Thomas‬‭Jefferson.‬
‭15)‬ ‭Explain‬‭the‬‭Spoils‬‭System.‬
‭In‬‭politics‬‭and‬‭government,‬‭a‬‭spoils‬‭system‬‭(also‬‭known‬‭as‬‭a‬‭patronage‬‭system)‬‭is‬‭a‬‭practice‬‭in‬‭which‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party,‬
‭after‬‭winning‬‭an‬‭election,‬‭gives‬‭government‬‭jobs‬‭to‬‭its‬‭supporters,‬‭friends‬‭(cronyism),‬‭and‬‭relatives‬‭(nepotism)‬‭as‬‭a‬‭reward‬
‭for‬‭working‬‭toward‬‭victory‬‭etc.‬
‭16)‬ ‭Why‬‭was‬‭Jackson‬‭opposed‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Bank‬‭of‬‭the‬‭U.S.?‬
‭Jackson's‬‭distrust‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Bank‬‭was‬‭also‬‭political,‬‭based‬‭on‬‭a‬‭belief‬‭that‬‭a‬‭federal‬‭institution‬‭such‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Bank‬‭trampled‬‭on‬
‭states'‬‭rights.‬‭In‬‭addition,‬‭he‬‭felt‬‭that‬‭the‬‭Bank‬‭put‬‭too‬‭much‬‭power‬‭in‬‭the‬‭hands‬‭of‬‭too‬‭few‬‭private‬‭citizens‬‭-‬‭power‬‭that‬
‭could‬‭be‬‭used‬‭to‬‭the‬‭detriment‬‭of‬‭the‬‭government.‬
‭17)‬ ‭Explain‬‭the‬‭Indian‬‭Removal‬‭Act.‬
‭It‬‭was‬‭signed‬‭into‬‭law‬‭by‬‭President‬‭Andrew‬‭Jackson‬‭on‬‭May‬‭28,‬‭1830,‬‭authorizing‬‭the‬‭president‬‭to‬‭grant‬‭lands‬‭west‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭Mississippi‬‭in‬‭exchange‬‭for‬‭Indian‬‭lands‬‭within‬‭existing‬‭state‬‭borders.‬
‭18)‬ ‭Why‬‭were‬‭the‬‭Indians‬‭forced‬‭west?‬
‭ ager‬‭for‬‭land‬‭to‬‭raise‬‭cotton,‬‭the‬‭settlers‬‭pressured‬‭the‬‭federal‬‭government‬‭to‬‭acquire‬‭Indian‬‭territory.‬‭Andrew‬‭Jackson,‬
E
‭from‬‭Tennessee,‬‭was‬‭a‬‭forceful‬‭proponent‬‭of‬‭Indian‬‭removal.‬
‭19)‬ ‭Why‬‭did‬‭Westward‬‭expansion‬‭strengthen‬‭the‬‭Democratic‬‭Party?‬
‭Westward‬‭expansion‬‭strengthened‬‭the‬‭Democratic‬‭Party‬‭by‬‭appealing‬‭to‬‭voters‬‭with‬‭policies‬‭supporting‬‭land‬‭expansion,‬
‭westward‬‭settlement,‬‭and‬‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬‭ideals.‬
‭20)‬ ‭What‬‭was‬‭the‬‭Doctrine‬‭of‬‭Nullification?‬‭How‬‭did‬‭it‬‭apply‬‭to‬‭states’‬‭rights?‬
‭A‬‭group‬‭of‬‭southern‬‭states‬‭created‬‭the‬‭Doctrine‬‭of‬‭Nullification,‬‭which‬‭gave‬‭individual‬‭states‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬‭nullify‬‭federal‬‭laws‬
‭if‬‭they‬‭believed‬‭them‬‭to‬‭be‬‭unconstitutional.‬‭The‬‭doctrine‬‭was‬‭created‬‭in‬‭response‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Tariff‬‭of‬‭1828,‬‭which‬‭created‬‭a‬
‭downturn‬‭in‬‭the‬‭southern‬‭economy.‬
‭21)‬ ‭Identify‬‭and‬‭explain‬‭the‬‭motives‬‭for‬‭people‬‭moving‬‭west?‬
‭The‬‭opportunity‬‭to‬‭work‬‭in‬‭the‬‭cattle‬‭industry;‬‭to‬‭be‬‭a‬‭“cowboy”‬‭Faster‬‭travel‬‭to‬‭the‬‭West‬‭by‬‭railroad;‬‭availability‬‭of‬‭supplies‬
‭due‬‭to‬‭the‬‭railroad.‬‭The‬‭opportunity‬‭to‬‭own‬‭land‬‭cheaply‬‭under‬‭the‬‭Homestead‬‭Act.‬‭The‬‭discovery‬‭of‬‭wheat‬‭strains‬
‭adapted‬‭to‬‭grow‬‭in‬‭the‬‭climate‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Plains.‬
‭22)‬ ‭How‬‭does‬‭the‬‭concept‬‭of‬‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬‭affect‬‭the‬‭development‬‭of‬‭the‬‭US?‬
‭Popular‬‭in‬‭the‬‭decades‬‭before‬‭the‬‭American‬‭Civil‬‭War,‬‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬‭was‬‭used‬‭as‬‭a‬‭pretext‬‭for‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭to‬
‭acquire‬‭land‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Oregon‬‭Country,‬‭Texas,‬‭Mexico,‬‭and‬‭California,‬‭even‬‭if‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭had‬‭to‬‭pay‬‭large‬‭amounts‬‭for‬‭new‬
‭land,‬‭start‬‭a‬‭war‬‭with‬‭neighboring‬‭countries‬
‭23)‬ ‭Who‬‭are‬‭some‬‭of‬‭the‬‭different‬‭groups‬‭that‬‭settled‬‭the‬‭west?‬‭Why‬‭were‬‭they‬‭important?‬
‭ hite‬‭settlers‬‭from‬‭the‬‭East‬‭poured‬‭across‬‭the‬‭Mississippi‬‭to‬‭mine,‬‭farm,‬‭and‬‭ranch.‬‭African-American‬‭settlers‬‭also‬‭came‬‭West‬‭from‬‭the‬‭Deep‬
W
‭South,‬‭convinced‬‭by‬‭promoters‬‭of‬‭all-black‬‭Western‬‭towns‬‭that‬‭prosperity‬‭could‬‭be‬‭found‬‭there.‬‭Chinese‬‭railroad‬‭workers‬‭further‬‭added‬‭to‬‭the‬
‭diversity‬‭of‬‭the‬‭region's‬‭population.‬
‭24)‬ ‭What‬‭was‬‭the‬‭Monroe‬‭Doctrine?‬‭Why‬‭was‬‭it‬‭important?‬
‭warned‬‭European‬‭powers‬‭not‬‭to‬‭interfere‬‭in‬‭the‬‭affairs‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Western‬‭Hemisphere‬
‭25)‬ ‭What‬‭were‬‭the‬‭causes‬‭and‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Mexican‬‭War?‬
‭The‬‭war‬‭and‬‭treaty‬‭extended‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Pacific‬‭Ocean,‬‭and‬‭provided‬‭a‬‭bounty‬‭of‬‭ports,‬‭minerals,‬‭and‬‭natural‬
‭resources‬‭for‬‭a‬‭growing‬‭country.‬‭The‬‭abundance‬‭of‬‭lands‬‭also‬‭produced‬‭debates‬‭about‬‭extending‬‭slavery‬‭into‬‭the‬‭West,‬‭a‬
‭dispute‬‭that‬‭would‬‭help‬‭spark‬‭a‬‭nation-defining‬‭civil‬‭war.extended‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Pacific‬‭Ocean,‬‭and‬‭provided‬‭a‬
‭bounty‬‭of‬‭ports,‬‭minerals,‬‭and‬‭natural‬‭resources‬‭for‬‭a‬‭growing‬‭country.‬
‭26)‬ ‭Explain‬‭the‬‭3‬‭big‬‭foreign‬‭affairs‬‭issues‬‭that‬‭occurred.‬
‭ he‬‭foreign‬‭policy‬‭of‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭government‬‭may‬‭change‬‭between‬‭different‬‭presidential‬‭administrations.‬‭However,‬‭the‬‭guiding‬
T
‭principles‬‭of‬‭U.S.‬‭foreign‬‭policy‬‭remain‬‭constant:‬‭promotion‬‭of‬‭security,‬‭democracy,‬‭prosperity,‬‭and‬‭development‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬
‭States‬‭and‬‭around‬‭the‬‭world.‬
‭27)‬ ‭How‬‭do‬‭the‬‭Monroe‬‭Doctrine,‬‭expansion‬‭into‬‭Texas/‬‭revolution,‬‭and‬‭Mexican‬‭War‬‭relate‬‭to‬‭Manifest‬‭Destiny?‬
‭ he‬‭expansion‬‭of‬‭influence‬‭and‬‭territory‬‭off‬‭the‬‭continent‬‭became‬‭an‬‭important‬‭corollary‬‭to‬‭westward‬‭expansion.‬‭The‬‭U.S.‬
T
‭government‬‭sought‬‭to‬‭keep‬‭European‬‭countries‬‭out‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Western‬‭Hemisphere‬‭and‬‭applied‬‭the‬‭principles‬‭of‬‭manifest‬
‭destiny‬‭to‬‭the‬‭rest‬‭of‬‭the‬‭hemisphere.‬

‭Analyzing‬‭Documents‬
‭Directions:‬‭Use‬‭the‬‭SOAPS‬‭model‬‭for‬‭the‬‭cartoons/pictures‬‭&‬‭the‬‭PACE‬‭model‬‭for‬‭excerpts.‬

‭“It‬‭is‬‭impossible‬‭that‬‭the‬‭allied‬‭powers‬‭should‬‭extend‬‭their‬ ‭ oint‬‭of‬‭View:‬ ‭The‬‭U.S.‬‭government,‬‭represented‬‭by‬‭President‬

P
‭political‬‭system‬‭to‬‭any‬‭portion‬‭of‬‭either‬‭continent‬‭without‬ ‭Monroe‬‭in‬‭1823‬
‭endangering‬‭our‬‭peace‬‭and‬‭happiness;‬‭nor‬‭can‬‭anyone‬‭believe‬
‭ nalyze:‬‭Asserts‬‭opposition‬‭to‬‭European‬‭intervention‬‭in‬‭the‬
A
‭that‬‭our‬‭southern‬‭brethren,‬‭if‬‭left‬‭to‬‭themselves,‬‭would‬
‭Americas.‬
‭adopt‬‭it‬‭of‬‭their‬‭own‬‭accord.”‬
‭-‬ ‭Excerpt‬‭from‬‭The‬‭Monroe‬‭Doctrine‬‭(1823)‬ ‭ auses:‬‭Concerns‬‭over‬‭European‬‭colonization‬‭and‬‭threat‬‭to‬
C
‭American‬‭sovereignty.‬

‭ ffect:‬‭Established‬‭U.S.‬‭as‬‭a‬‭dominant‬‭force‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Western‬
E
‭Hemisphere,‬‭shaping‬‭regional‬‭diplomacy.‬
 S‭ ubject‬
‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬

‭ bjects‬
O
‭Westward‬‭expansion,‬‭American‬‭advancement,‬‭and‬‭civilization.‬

‭Audience‬
‭American‬‭people‬‭in‬‭the‬‭19th‬‭century‬

‭ oint‬‭of‬‭View‬
P
‭it‬‭was‬‭the‬‭divinely‬‭ordained‬‭right‬‭of‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭to‬
‭expand‬‭its‬‭borders‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Pacific‬‭Ocean‬‭and‬‭beyond‬

‭ ow‬‭does‬‭Gast’s‬‭American‬‭Progress‬‭depict‬‭the‬
H
S‭ ymbols‬
‭idea‬‭of‬‭Manifest‬‭Destiny?‬ ‭The‬‭ideology‬‭of‬‭Manifest‬‭Destiny‬‭inspired‬‭a‬‭variety‬‭of‬
‭measures‬‭designed‬‭to‬‭remove‬‭or‬‭destroy‬‭the‬‭native‬
‭population.‬

S‭ ubject‬
‭King‬‭Andrew‬‭Jackson.‬

‭ bjects‬
O
‭The‬‭portrayal‬‭of‬‭Jackson‬‭as‬‭a‬‭monarch,‬‭wielding‬‭excessive‬‭power.‬

‭Audience‬
‭Refers‬‭to‬‭historical‬‭figure‬

‭Point‬‭of‬‭View‬

‭ he‬‭creator‬‭of‬‭the‬‭cartoon‬‭remained‬‭anonymous,‬‭but‬‭the‬
T
‭cartoon‬‭reflected‬‭a‬‭Whig's‬‭point‬‭of‬‭view.‬

S‭ ymbols‬
‭an‬‭abuser‬‭of‬‭presidential‬‭powers.‬
‭3.3‬‭-‬‭3.5‬‭Key‬‭Terms‬
‭Second‬‭Great‬‭Awakening‬
‭a‬‭Protestant‬‭religious‬‭revival‬‭during‬‭the‬
‭ arly‬‭19th‬‭century‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States.‬
e ‭period‬‭and‬‭throughout‬‭the‬‭Civil‬‭War.‬
‭Romanticism‬
I‭s‬‭an‬‭artistic‬‭and‬‭intellectual‬‭movement‬‭that‬
‭originated‬‭in‬‭Europe‬‭towards‬‭the‬‭end‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭18th‬‭century.‬‭For‬‭most‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Western‬
‭world,‬‭it‬‭was‬‭at‬‭its‬‭peak‬‭from‬‭approximately‬
‭1800‬‭to‬‭1850‬
‭Transcendentalists‬
i‭s‬‭a‬‭philosophical,‬‭spiritual,‬‭and‬‭literary‬
‭movement‬‭that‬‭developed‬‭in‬‭the‬‭late‬‭1820s‬
‭and‬‭1830s‬‭in‬‭the‬‭New‬‭England‬‭region‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭United‬‭States‬
‭The‬‭Romantic‬‭Authors‬
‭William‬‭Wordsworth,‬‭Lord‬‭Byron,‬‭Mary‬
‭Shelley,‬ ‭D.‬‭H.‬‭Lawrence,‬‭Gustave‬‭Flaubert,‬
‭etc.‬
‭Sectionalism‬
i‭s‬‭loyalty‬‭to‬‭one's‬‭own‬‭region‬‭or‬‭section‬‭of‬
‭the‬‭country,‬‭rather‬‭than‬‭to‬‭the‬‭country‬‭as‬‭a‬
‭whole.‬
‭Abolitionist‬
‭ r‬‭the‬‭abolitionist‬‭movement,‬‭is‬‭the‬
o ‭Seneca‬‭Falls‬‭Convention‬ ‭Gathering‬‭of‬
‭movement‬‭to‬‭end‬‭slavery‬‭and‬‭liberate‬
‭enslaved‬‭people‬‭around‬‭the‬‭world.‬
‭William‬‭Lloyd‬‭Garrison‬
‭ n‬‭American‬‭abolitionist,‬‭journalist,‬
a ‭ ocial‬‭movement,‬‭largely‬‭based‬‭in‬‭the‬
‭and‬‭social‬‭reformer.‬
‭The‬‭Liberator‬
t‭he‬‭most‬‭widely‬‭circulated‬‭anti-slavery‬ ‭ ought‬‭equal‬‭rights‬‭and‬‭opportunities‬‭and‬
s
‭newspaper‬‭during‬‭the‬‭antebellum‬ ‭greater‬‭personal‬‭freedom‬‭for‬‭women‬
‭Susan‬‭B.‬‭Anthony‬‭pioneer‬‭crusader‬‭for‬
‭Frederick‬‭Douglas‬ ‭women's‬‭suffrage‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬
‭an‬‭American‬‭social‬‭reformer,‬ ‭Elizabeth‬‭Cady‬‭Stanton‬‭American‬
‭ bolitionist,‬‭orator,‬‭writer,‬‭and‬
a l‭eader‬‭in‬‭the‬‭women's‬‭rights‬
‭statesman.‬ ‭movement‬
‭Grimke‬‭Turner‬‭Sisters‬‭grew‬‭to‬‭despise‬ ‭Abolitionist‬‭Movement‬‭an‬‭organized‬
‭ lavery‬‭after‬‭witnessing‬‭its‬‭cruel‬
s ‭ ffort‬‭to‬‭end‬‭the‬‭practice‬‭of‬‭slavery‬‭in‬‭the‬
e
‭effects‬‭at‬‭a‬‭young‬‭age‬‭.‬ ‭United‬‭States‬
‭Gag‬‭rule‬ ‭Missouri‬‭Compromise‬‭admitted‬
‭ ‬‭series‬‭of‬‭rules‬‭that‬‭forbade‬‭the‬
a ‭ issouri‬‭as‬‭a‬‭slave‬‭state‬‭and‬‭Maine‬‭as‬
M
‭raising,‬‭consideration,‬‭or‬‭discussion‬‭of‬ ‭a‬‭non-slave‬‭state‬‭at‬‭the‬‭same‬‭time‬
‭slavery‬‭in‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬‭House‬‭of‬ ‭Wilmot‬‭Proviso‬‭unsuccessful‬‭1846‬
‭Representatives‬‭from‬‭1836‬‭to‬‭1844.‬ ‭ roposal‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭Congress‬‭to‬
p
‭Social‬‭Reform‬‭Movements‬ ‭ban‬‭slavery‬‭in‬‭territory‬‭acquired‬‭from‬
‭ bolition,‬‭temperance,‬‭labor‬‭and‬
a ‭Mexico‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Mexican–American‬‭War‬
‭workplace‬‭safety,‬‭education,‬‭women's‬ ‭Compromise‬‭of‬‭1850‬‭five‬‭laws‬‭passed‬
‭rights,‬‭and‬‭prison‬‭reform‬ i‭n‬‭September‬‭of‬‭1850‬‭that‬‭dealt‬‭with‬
‭Temperance‬‭Movement‬‭Temperance‬ ‭the‬‭issue‬‭of‬‭slavery‬‭and‬‭territorial‬
‭ egan‬‭in‬‭the‬‭early‬‭1800s‬‭as‬‭a‬‭movement‬‭to‬
b ‭expansion‬‭.‬
‭limit‬‭drinking‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭.‬
‭Popular‬‭sovereignty‬‭government‬‭based‬‭on‬
‭consent‬‭of‬‭the‬‭people‬
‭ upporters‬‭of‬‭women's‬‭rights‬‭in‬‭July‬‭1845‬
s
‭Nullification‬ ‭constitutional‬‭theory‬‭that‬
‭that‬‭launched‬‭women's‬‭rights‬‭to‬‭vote‬‭.‬
i‭ndividual‬‭states‬‭can‬‭invalidate‬‭federal‬‭laws‬
‭Women’s‬‭Rights‬‭Movement‬‭diverse‬ ‭or‬‭judicial‬‭decisions‬‭they‬‭deem‬
s ‭unconstitutional‬
‭United‬‭States,‬‭that‬‭in‬‭the‬‭1960s‬‭and‬‭'70s‬
‭Kansas-Nebraska‬‭Act‬ ‭repealed‬‭the‬
‭Missouri‬‭Compromise,‬‭created‬‭two‬‭new‬
t‭ erritories,‬‭and‬‭allowed‬‭for‬‭popular‬
‭sovereignty‬
‭Bleeding‬‭Kansas‬‭Kansas‬‭entered‬‭the‬‭Union‬
‭as‬‭a‬‭free‬‭state‬‭on‬‭January‬‭29‬
‭Uncle‬‭Tom's‬‭Cabin‬ ‭anti-slavery‬
‭novel‬‭by‬‭American‬‭author‬‭Harriet‬
‭Beecher‬‭Stowe‬‭.‬
‭Harriet‬‭Beecher‬‭Stowe‬
‭Abolitionist‬‭author‬
‭Dred‬‭Scott‬‭Case‬
‭ pheld‬‭slavery‬‭in‬‭United‬‭States‬
u r‭ epealed‬‭the‬‭Missouri‬‭Compromise,‬
‭territories,‬‭denied‬‭the‬‭legality‬‭of‬‭black‬
‭citizenship‬‭in‬‭America,‬‭and‬‭declared‬
‭the‬‭Missouri‬‭Compromise‬‭to‬‭be‬
‭unconstitutional.‬
‭Lincoln‬‭Douglas‬‭Debates‬
‭ ere‬‭a‬‭series‬‭of‬‭seven‬‭debates‬
w
‭between‬‭Abraham‬‭Lincoln,‬‭the‬
‭Republican‬‭Party‬‭candidate‬‭for‬‭the‬
‭United‬‭States‬‭Senate‬‭from‬‭Illinois,‬‭and‬
‭incumbent‬‭Senator‬‭Stephen‬‭Douglas,‬
‭the‬‭Democratic‬‭Party‬‭candidate‬
‭Fugitive‬‭Slave‬‭Act‬
r‭ equired‬‭that‬‭slaves‬‭be‬‭returned‬‭to‬
‭their‬‭owners,‬‭even‬‭if‬‭they‬‭were‬‭in‬‭a‬
‭free‬‭state.‬
‭Underground‬‭Railroad‬
t‭he‬‭resistance‬‭to‬‭enslavement‬‭through‬
‭escape‬‭and‬‭flight,‬‭through‬‭the‬‭end‬‭of‬
‭the‬‭Civil‬‭War‬
‭Stephen‬‭Douglas‬
‭an‬‭American‬‭politician‬‭and‬‭lawyer‬
‭from‬‭Illinois.‬
‭John‬‭Brown‬
‭ ‬‭prominent‬‭leader‬‭in‬‭the‬‭American‬
a
‭abolitionist‬‭movement‬‭in‬‭the‬‭decades‬
‭preceding‬‭the‬‭Civil‬‭War.‬ ‭John‬‭Brown/Harpers‬‭Ferry‬
‭Free-Soil‬‭party‬ ‭ n‬‭effort‬‭by‬‭abolitionist‬‭John‬‭Brown,‬
a
‭a‬‭short-lived‬‭coalition‬‭political‬‭party‬‭in‬ ‭from‬‭October‬‭16‬‭to‬‭18,‬‭1859,‬‭to‬‭initiate‬
t‭he‬‭United‬‭States‬‭active‬‭from‬‭1848‬‭to‬ ‭a‬‭slave‬‭revolt‬‭in‬‭Southern‬‭states‬‭by‬
‭taking‬‭over‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭arsenal‬
‭1854,‬‭when‬‭it‬‭merged‬‭into‬‭the‬
‭Republican‬‭Party.‬ ‭at‬‭Harpers‬‭Ferry,‬‭Virginia.‬
‭Kansas-Nebraska‬‭Act‬‭of‬‭1854‬
‭Republican‬‭Party‬
‭ lso‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬‭GOP,‬‭is‬‭one‬‭of‬‭the‬
a
‭created‬‭two‬‭new‬‭territories,‬‭and‬
‭two‬‭major‬‭contemporary‬‭political‬
‭allowed‬‭for‬‭popular‬‭sovereignty.‬
‭parties‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States.‬
‭Frederick‬‭Douglass‬
‭ n‬‭American‬‭social‬‭reformer,‬
a ‭Compromise‬‭of‬‭1850‬ ‭a‬‭series‬‭of‬
‭abolitionist,‬‭orator,‬‭writer,‬‭and‬ ‭ easures‬‭proposed‬‭by‬‭U.S.‬‭Senator‬
m
‭statesman.‬ ‭Henry‬‭Clay‬‭and‬‭passed‬‭by‬‭the‬‭U.S.‬
‭Free‬‭Soil‬‭Movement/Party‬ ‭Congress‬‭to‬‭settle‬‭several‬‭issues‬
‭ ‬‭short-lived‬‭coalition‬‭political‬‭party‬‭in‬
a ‭connected‬‭to‬‭slavery‬‭and‬‭avert‬‭the‬
‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭active‬‭from‬‭1848‬‭to‬ ‭threat‬‭of‬‭dissolution‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Union.‬
‭1854,‬‭when‬‭it‬‭merged‬‭into‬‭the‬ ‭Fugitive‬‭Slave‬‭Act‬‭(1850)‬
‭Republican‬‭Party.‬ r‭ equired‬‭that‬‭slaves‬‭be‬‭returned‬‭to‬
‭Wilmot‬‭Proviso‬ ‭their‬‭owners,‬‭even‬‭if‬‭they‬‭were‬‭in‬‭a‬
‭an‬‭unsuccessful‬‭1846‬‭proposal‬‭in‬‭the‬ ‭free‬‭state‬
‭ nited‬‭States‬‭Congress‬‭to‬‭ban‬‭slavery‬
U
‭in‬‭territory‬‭acquired‬‭from‬‭Mexico‬‭in‬‭the‬ ‭Republican‬‭Party‬
‭Mexican–American‬‭War.‬ ‭ lso‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬‭GOP,‬‭is‬‭one‬‭of‬‭the‬
a
‭Missouri‬‭Compromise‬‭of‬‭1820‬ ‭two‬‭major‬‭contemporary‬‭political‬
‭parties‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States.‬‭It‬
‭ dmitted‬‭Missouri‬‭as‬‭a‬‭slave‬‭state‬‭and‬
a
‭emerged‬‭as‬‭the‬‭main‬‭political‬‭rival‬‭of‬
‭Maine‬‭as‬‭a‬‭non-slave‬‭state‬‭at‬‭the‬
‭the‬‭Democratic‬‭Party‬‭in‬‭the‬‭mid-1850s‬
‭same‬‭time‬

‭3.3-3.4‬‭Essential‬‭Questions‬
‭1)‬ I‭dentify‬‭3‬‭key‬‭elements‬‭of‬
‭the‬‭Second‬‭Great‬‭Awakening.‬
‭Religious‬‭Revival,‬‭Expansion‬‭of‬‭Evangelicalism‬‭and‬‭Social‬‭Reforms‬‭and‬‭Activism‬
‭ eligious‬‭Revival,‬‭Expansion‬‭of‬‭Evangelicalism‬‭and‬‭Social‬‭Reforms‬‭and‬‭Activism.‬‭American‬‭Protestant‬‭Christians'‬‭beliefs‬
R
‭changed‬‭during‬‭the‬‭early‬‭19th‬‭century‬‭in‬‭a‬‭period‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Second‬‭Great‬‭Awakening.‬
‭2)‬ ‭In‬‭what‬‭ways‬‭did‬‭the‬‭Christian‬‭revival‬‭in‬‭America‬‭spark‬‭reform‬‭within‬‭society?‬
t‭hese‬‭associations‬‭and‬‭their‬‭evangelical‬‭members‬‭also‬‭lent‬‭moral‬‭backing‬‭and‬‭manpower‬‭to‬‭large-scale‬‭social‬‭reform‬
‭projects,‬‭including‬‭the‬‭temperance‬‭movement‬‭designed‬‭to‬‭curb‬‭Americans'‬‭consumption‬‭of‬‭alcohol,‬‭the‬‭abolitionist‬
‭campaign‬‭to‬‭eradicate‬‭slavery‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States,‬‭and‬‭women's‬‭rights‬‭agitation‬‭to‬‭improve‬ ‭They‬‭joined‬‭their‬‭spiritual‬
‭networks‬‭to‬‭rapidly‬‭developing‬‭social‬‭reform‬‭networks‬‭that‬‭sought‬‭to‬‭alleviate‬‭social‬‭ills‬‭and‬‭eradicate‬‭moral‬‭vice.‬
‭3)‬ ‭How‬‭do‬‭the‬‭economic‬‭differences‬‭of‬‭the‬‭3‬‭regions‬‭contribute‬‭to‬‭political‬‭controversy?‬
‭The‬‭economic‬‭differences‬‭among‬‭the‬‭three‬‭regions‬‭contribute‬‭to‬‭political‬‭controversy‬‭by‬‭highliting‬‭conflicting‬‭interests‬
r‭ egarding‬‭tariffs,‬‭internal‬‭improvements,‬‭and‬‭slavery‬‭policies.‬ ‭The‬‭North's‬‭industrial‬‭economy‬‭contrasted‬‭with‬‭the‬‭South's‬
‭agriculture-based‬‭one,‬‭reliant‬‭on‬‭slavery‬
‭4)‬ M
‭ ake‬‭a‬‭connection:‬‭How‬‭does‬‭the‬‭American‬‭system‬‭and‬‭the‬‭completion‬‭of‬‭Erie‬‭Canal‬‭cause‬‭animosity‬‭between‬
‭the‬‭N‬‭and‬‭the‬‭S?‬
‭ he‬‭American‬‭system‬‭and‬‭the‬‭completion‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Erie‬‭Canal‬‭exacerbated‬‭animosity‬‭between‬‭the‬ ‭North‬‭and‬‭South‬‭by‬
T
‭increasing‬‭economic‬‭disparity‬‭and‬‭competition‬‭for‬‭political‬‭power.‬

‭5)‬ ‭How‬‭does‬‭the‬‭economy‬‭of‬‭each‬‭region‬‭determine‬‭the‬‭labor‬‭force‬‭that‬‭is‬‭used?‬
‭ he‬‭economy‬‭of‬‭each‬‭region‬‭determines‬‭the‬‭labor‬‭force‬‭used‬‭based‬‭on‬‭factors‬‭such‬‭as‬‭agricultural‬‭reliance‬‭in‬‭the‬‭South,‬
T
‭industrialization‬‭in‬‭the‬‭North,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭need‬‭for‬‭labor‬‭in‬‭expanding‬‭western‬‭territories.‬
‭6)‬ ‭How‬‭does‬‭the‬‭2‭n‬ d‬ ‭Great‬‭Awakening‬‭affect‬‭the‬‭Abolitionist‬‭movement?‬‭.‬
‭Religious‬‭revivals‬‭during‬‭the‬‭Second‬‭Great‬‭Awakening‬‭intensified‬‭anti-slavery‬‭activity‬‭after‬‭1830.‬‭Seeking‬‭to‬‭perfect‬
‭society,‬‭adherents‬‭targeted‬‭slavery‬‭as‬‭an‬‭evil‬‭that‬‭destroyed‬‭individual‬‭free‬‭will‬‭as‬‭moral‬‭beings.‬‭Abolitionists‬‭began‬‭to‬
‭demand‬‭immediate,‬‭uncompensated‬‭emancipation‬‭of‬‭slaves.‬
‭7)‬ ‭What‬‭argument‬‭did‬‭Southerners‬‭use‬‭to‬‭defend‬‭slavery?‬
‭ outhern‬‭slaveholders‬‭often‬‭used‬‭biblical‬‭passages‬‭to‬‭justify‬‭slavery.‬‭Those‬‭who‬‭defended‬‭slavery‬‭rose‬‭to‬‭the‬‭challenge‬
S
‭set‬‭forth‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Abolitionists.‬‭The‬‭defenders‬‭of‬‭slavery‬‭included‬‭economics,‬‭history,‬‭religion,‬‭legality,‬‭social‬‭good,‬‭and‬‭even‬
‭humanitarianism,‬‭to‬‭further‬‭their‬‭arguments.‬‭Southern‬‭slaveholders‬‭often‬‭used‬‭biblical‬‭passages‬‭to‬‭justify‬‭slavery.‬‭Those‬
‭who‬‭defended‬‭slavery‬‭rose‬‭to‬‭the‬‭challenge‬‭set‬‭forth‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Abolitionists.‬‭The‬‭defenders‬‭of‬‭slavery‬‭included‬‭economics,‬
‭history,‬‭religion,‬‭legality,‬‭social‬‭good,‬‭and‬‭even‬‭humanitarianism,‬‭to‬‭further‬‭their‬‭arguments‬
‭8)‬ ‭Who‬‭played‬‭significant‬‭roles‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Seneca‬‭Falls‬‭Convention‬‭and‬‭what‬‭goals‬‭did‬‭they‬‭have?‬
I‭n‬‭1848,‬‭taking‬‭up‬‭the‬‭cause‬‭of‬‭women's‬‭rights,‬‭she‬‭and‬‭Elizabeth‬‭Cady‬‭Stanton‬‭called‬‭a‬‭convention‬‭at‬‭Seneca‬‭Falls,‬‭New‬
‭York,‬‭the‬‭first‬‭of‬‭its‬‭kind,‬‭“to‬‭discuss‬‭the‬‭social,‬‭civil,‬‭and‬‭religious‬‭rights‬‭of‬‭women.”‬‭The‬‭convention‬‭issued‬‭a‬‭“Declaration‬
‭of‬‭Sentiments”‬‭modeled‬‭on‬‭the‬‭Declaration‬‭of‬‭Independence‬‭Originally‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Woman's‬‭Rights‬‭Convention,‬‭the‬
‭Seneca‬‭Falls‬‭Convention‬‭fought‬‭for‬‭the‬‭social,‬‭civil‬‭and‬‭religious‬‭rights‬‭of‬‭women‬
‭9)‬ ‭What‬‭was‬‭the‬‭purpose‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Seneca‬‭Falls‬‭Convention?‬
‭ riginally‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Woman's‬‭Rights‬‭Convention,‬‭the‬‭Seneca‬‭Falls‬‭Convention‬‭fought‬‭for‬‭the‬‭social,‬‭civil‬‭and‬‭religious‬
O
‭rights‬‭of‬‭women.‬‭The‬‭meeting‬‭was‬‭held‬‭from‬‭July‬‭19‬‭to‬‭20,‬‭1848‬‭at‬‭the‬‭Wesleyan‬‭Chapel‬‭in‬‭Seneca‬‭Falls,‬‭New‬‭York‬‭.‬‭It‬
‭called‬‭upon‬‭women‬‭to‬‭organize‬‭and‬‭to‬‭petition‬‭for‬‭their‬‭rights.‬‭The‬‭convention‬‭passed‬‭12‬‭resolutions—11‬
‭unanimously—designed‬‭to‬‭gain‬‭certain‬‭rights‬‭and‬‭privileges‬‭that‬‭women‬‭of‬‭the‬‭era‬‭were‬‭denied.‬
‭10)‬‭Why‬‭is‬‭the‬‭Westward‬‭movement‬‭important‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Women’s‬‭Rights‬‭Movement?‬
‭ omen‬‭of‬‭the‬‭West‬‭were‬‭the‬‭first‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭to‬‭enjoy‬‭full‬‭voting‬‭rights.‬‭As‬‭new‬‭territories‬‭and‬‭states‬‭organized,‬
W
‭many‬‭considered,‬‭and‬‭most‬‭granted,‬‭women‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬‭vote.‬‭Decades‬‭before‬‭passage‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Nineteenth‬‭Amendment,‬
‭western‬‭women‬‭voted‬‭and‬‭served‬‭in‬‭public‬‭office‬‭Women‬‭of‬‭the‬‭West‬‭were‬‭the‬‭first‬‭in‬‭the‬‭United‬‭States‬‭to‬‭enjoy‬‭full‬‭voting‬
‭rights‬
‭11)‬‭Which‬‭two‬‭reform‬‭movements‬‭had‬‭the‬‭biggest‬‭impact‬‭on‬‭abolition?‬‭Why?‬
‭ wo‬‭of‬‭the‬‭most‬‭significant‬‭reform‬‭movements‬‭to‬‭come‬‭out‬‭of‬‭the‬‭reform‬‭period‬‭of‬‭1820-1840‬‭were‬‭the‬‭anti-slavery‬
T
‭movement‬‭and‬‭the‬‭women's‬‭rights‬‭movement.‬‭Each‬‭of‬‭these‬‭movements‬‭worked‬‭for‬‭freedom‬‭and‬‭emancipation‬‭and‬‭to‬
‭grant‬‭a‬‭greater‬‭body‬‭of‬‭rights‬‭to‬‭two‬‭of‬‭the‬‭groups‬‭on‬‭the‬‭periphery‬‭of‬‭American‬‭society.‬‭Two‬‭of‬‭the‬‭most‬‭significant‬
‭reform‬‭movements‬‭to‬‭come‬‭out‬‭of‬‭the‬‭reform‬‭period‬‭of‬‭1820-1840‬‭were‬‭the‬‭anti-slavery‬‭movement‬‭and‬‭the‬‭women's‬
‭rights‬‭movement.‬‭Each‬‭of‬‭these‬‭movements‬‭worked‬‭for‬‭freedom‬‭and‬‭emancipation‬‭and‬‭to‬‭grant‬‭a‬‭greater‬‭body‬‭of‬‭rights‬
‭to‬‭two‬‭of‬‭the‬‭groups‬‭on‬‭the‬‭periphery‬‭of‬‭American‬‭society‬
‭12)‬‭How‬‭did‬‭the‬‭annexation‬‭of‬‭TX‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Mexican‬‭cession‬‭add‬‭to‬‭the‬‭issue‬‭of‬‭slavery?‬
‭ n‬‭August‬‭8,‬‭1846,‬‭Rep.‬‭David‬‭Wilmot‬‭of‬‭Pennsylvania‬‭attempted‬‭to‬‭add‬‭an‬‭amendment‬‭to‬‭a‬‭treaty‬‭appropriations‬‭bill.‬
O
‭The‬‭Wilmot‬‭Proviso—banning‬‭slavery‬‭from‬‭any‬‭territory‬‭acquired‬‭from‬‭Mexico—was‬‭never‬‭passed,‬‭but‬‭it‬‭led‬‭to‬
‭acrimonious‬‭debate‬‭and‬‭contributed‬‭greatly‬‭to‬‭the‬‭rising‬‭sectional‬‭antagonism.‬‭The‬‭annexation‬‭of‬‭Texas‬‭contributed‬‭to‬‭the‬
‭coming‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Mexican-American‬‭War‬‭(1846-1848).‬‭The‬‭conflict‬‭started,‬‭in‬‭part,‬‭over‬‭a‬‭disagreement‬‭about‬‭which‬‭river‬
‭was‬‭Mexico's‬‭true‬‭northern‬‭border:‬‭the‬‭Nueces‬‭or‬‭the‬‭Rio‬‭Grande.‬
‭ 3)‬‭How‬‭did‬‭the‬‭Missouri‬‭Compromise‬‭of‬‭1820‬‭leave‬‭a‬‭loophole‬‭for‬‭future‬‭problems‬‭with‬‭the‬‭issue‬‭of‬‭slavery?‬
1
‭Michigan,‬‭north‬‭of‬‭the‬‭line,‬‭was‬‭brought‬‭into‬‭the‬‭union‬‭as‬‭a‬‭free‬‭state.‬‭Due‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Missouri‬‭Compromise,‬‭there‬
‭was‬‭little‬‭debate‬‭about‬‭whether‬‭new‬‭states‬‭should‬‭permit‬‭slavery,‬‭thus‬‭permitting‬‭politicians‬‭to‬‭continue‬‭their‬
‭business‬‭without‬‭returning‬‭to‬‭the‬‭contentious‬‭issue‬‭of‬‭slavery.‬‭This‬‭legislation‬‭admitted‬‭Missouri‬‭as‬‭a‬‭slave‬‭state‬
‭ nd‬‭Maine‬‭as‬‭a‬‭non-slave‬‭state‬‭at‬‭the‬‭same‬‭time,‬‭so‬‭as‬‭not‬‭to‬‭upset‬‭the‬‭balance‬‭between‬‭slave‬‭and‬‭free‬‭states‬‭in‬‭the‬
a
‭nation.‬‭It‬‭also‬‭outlawed‬‭slavery‬‭above‬‭the‬‭36º‬‭30'‬‭latitude‬‭line‬‭in‬‭the‬‭remainder‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Louisiana‬‭Territory.‬
‭14)‬‭What‬‭were‬‭the‬‭views‬‭of‬‭the‬‭North‬‭and‬‭the‬‭South‬‭on‬‭the‬‭Wilmot‬‭Proviso?‬
‭ is‬‭“proviso”—‬‭a‬‭measure‬‭attached‬‭to‬‭various‬‭bills‬‭being‬‭considered‬‭in‬‭Congress—‬‭provided‬‭that‬‭slavery‬‭was‬‭not‬‭to‬‭be‬
H
‭permitted‬‭in‬‭any‬‭of‬‭the‬‭new‬‭territories‬‭acquired‬‭from‬‭Mexico‬‭after‬‭the‬‭Mexican‬‭War.‬‭The‬‭proviso‬‭was‬‭popular‬‭in‬‭the‬‭North‬
‭but‬‭angrily‬‭rejected‬‭by‬‭the‬‭South,‬‭and‬‭never‬‭actually‬‭got‬‭passed‬‭into‬‭law.‬
‭15)‬‭What‬‭were‬‭the‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭the‬‭K-N‬‭Act?‬
‭ he‬‭Kansas-Nebraska‬‭Act‬‭repealed‬‭the‬‭Missouri‬‭Compromise,‬‭created‬‭two‬‭new‬‭territories,‬‭and‬‭allowed‬‭for‬‭popular‬
T
‭sovereignty.‬‭It‬‭also‬‭produced‬‭a‬‭violent‬‭uprising‬‭known‬‭as‬‭“Bleeding‬‭Kansas,”‬‭as‬‭proslavery‬‭and‬‭antislavery‬‭activists‬
‭flooded‬‭into‬‭the‬‭territories‬‭to‬‭sway‬‭the‬‭vote‬
‭16)‬‭Explain‬‭popular‬‭sovereignty.‬‭How‬‭does‬‭it‬‭fit‬‭with‬‭states’‬‭rights?‬
‭ overeignty‬‭is‬‭ultimate‬‭power‬‭over‬‭something,‬‭or‬‭freedom‬‭from‬‭outsider‬‭control.‬‭Popular‬‭sovereignty‬‭is‬‭a‬‭means‬‭by‬‭which‬
S
‭a‬‭governing‬‭state‬‭or‬‭body‬‭is‬‭granted‬‭its‬‭power‬‭by‬‭the‬‭citizens‬‭of‬‭that‬‭state.‬
‭ 7)‬‭Why‬‭was‬‭the‬‭Republican‬‭Party‬‭formed?‬
1
‭In‬‭1854,‬‭the‬‭Republican‬‭Party‬‭emerged‬‭to‬‭combat‬‭the‬‭expansion‬‭of‬‭slavery‬‭into‬‭American‬‭territories‬‭after‬‭the‬
‭passing‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Kansas–Nebraska‬‭Act.‬‭The‬‭early‬‭Republican‬‭Party‬‭consisted‬‭of‬‭northern‬‭Protestants,‬‭factory‬
‭workers,‬‭professionals,‬‭businessmen,‬‭prosperous‬‭farmers,‬‭and‬‭after‬‭the‬‭Civil‬‭War,‬‭former‬‭black‬‭slaves.‬
‭18)‬‭Compare‬‭and‬‭contrast‬‭Lincoln‬‭and‬‭Douglas’s‬‭view‬‭about‬‭slavery‬‭in‬‭the‬‭territories.‬
‭ ne‬‭of‬‭the‬‭biggest‬‭differences‬‭between‬‭Douglas'‬‭and‬‭Lincoln's‬‭views‬‭on‬‭slavery‬‭is‬‭that,‬‭unlike‬‭Lincoln,‬‭Douglas‬‭did‬‭not‬
O
‭consider‬‭slavery‬‭a‬‭moral‬‭issue,‬‭an‬‭agonizing‬‭dilemma,‬‭nor‬‭was‬‭it‬‭an‬‭issue‬‭that‬‭would‬‭tear‬‭the‬‭Union‬‭apart.‬
‭19)‬‭What‬‭did‬‭the‬‭election‬‭of‬‭1860‬‭reveal‬‭about‬‭the‬‭political‬‭sentiment‬‭in‬‭the‬‭North?‬‭South?‬
‭ he‬‭election‬‭of‬‭1860‬‭revealed‬‭growing‬‭anti-slavery‬‭sentiment‬‭in‬‭the‬‭North‬‭and‬‭heightened‬‭fears‬‭of‬‭abolitionism‬‭in‬‭the‬
T
‭South.‬
‭20)‬‭Why‬‭was‬‭the‬‭south‬‭so‬‭upset‬‭about‬‭Lincoln‬‭being‬‭elected‬‭president?‬
‭ he‬‭South‬‭was‬‭upset‬‭about‬‭Lincoln‬‭being‬‭elected‬‭president‬‭because‬‭they‬‭feared‬‭he‬‭would‬‭abolish‬‭slavery,‬‭threaten‬‭their‬
T
‭feared‬‭he‬‭would‬‭abolish‬‭slavery,‬‭threaten‬‭their‬‭way‬‭of‬‭life,‬‭and‬‭enocroach‬‭on‬‭states’‬‭rights.‬
‭21)‬‭Why‬‭did‬‭South‬‭Carolina‬‭secede‬‭from‬‭the‬‭union?‬
‭ hen‬‭Abraham‬‭Lincoln,‬‭a‬‭known‬‭opponent‬‭of‬‭slavery,‬‭was‬‭elected‬‭president,‬‭the‬‭South‬‭Carolina‬‭legislature‬‭perceived‬‭a‬
W
‭threat.‬‭Calling‬‭a‬‭state‬‭convention,‬‭the‬‭delegates‬‭voted‬‭to‬‭remove‬‭the‬‭state‬‭of‬‭South‬‭Carolina‬‭from‬‭the‬‭union‬‭known‬‭as‬‭the‬
‭United‬‭States‬‭of‬‭America.‬
‭22)‬‭Explain‬‭Lincoln’s‬‭position‬‭on‬‭slavery‬‭when‬‭he‬‭was‬‭elected.‬
‭ incoln‬‭was‬‭opposed‬‭to‬‭the‬‭expansion‬‭of‬‭slavery‬‭into‬‭the‬‭territories,‬‭but‬‭agreed‬‭with‬‭nearly‬‭all‬‭Americans,‬‭including‬‭most‬
L
‭radical‬‭abolitionists,‬‭that‬‭the‬‭federal‬‭government‬‭was‬‭prevented‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Constitution‬‭from‬‭abolishing‬‭slavery‬‭in‬‭states‬
‭where‬‭it‬‭already‬‭existed.‬
‭23)‬ ‭Explain‬‭the‬‭conflict‬‭over‬‭slavery‬‭and‬‭why‬‭it‬‭increased‬‭during‬‭the‬‭early-to-mid‬‭1800s.‬
‭The‬‭conflict‬‭over‬‭slavery‬‭increased‬‭during‬‭the‬‭early-to-mid‬‭1800s‬‭due‬‭to‬‭debates‬‭over‬‭its‬‭expanision‬‭into‬‭new‬‭territories,‬
‭economic‬‭interests,‬‭and‬‭divergent‬‭moral‬‭and‬‭political‬‭ideologies.‬
‭24)‬ ‭Identify‬‭and‬‭describe‬‭the‬‭regional‬‭and‬‭geographical‬‭variations‬‭in‬‭labor‬‭from‬‭the‬‭North‬‭and‬‭the‬‭South.‬
‭In‬‭the‬‭North,‬‭labor‬‭was‬‭predominantly‬‭industrial‬‭and‬‭urban-based,‬‭while‬‭in‬‭the‬‭South,‬‭it‬‭was‬‭predominantly‬‭agricultural‬‭and‬
‭plantation-based,‬‭reflecting‬‭regional‬‭and‬‭geographical‬‭variations‬‭in‬‭labor.‬

‭Analyzing‬‭Documents‬
‭Directions:‬‭Use‬‭the‬‭SOAPS‬‭model‬‭for‬‭the‬‭cartoons/pictures‬‭&‬‭the‬‭PACE‬‭model‬‭for‬‭excerpts.‬

‭"So‬‭you're‬‭the‬‭little‬‭woman‬‭who‬‭wrote‬‭the‬
‭book‬‭that‬‭made‬‭this‬‭great‬‭war!"‬
‭-‬ ‭Abraham‬‭Lincoln‬‭(when‬‭meeting‬‭Harriet‬‭Beecher‬
‭Stowe)‬
S‭ ubject:‬‭Harriet‬‭Tubman’s‬‭legacy‬‭and‬‭contributions‬‭to‬‭the‬
‭abolitionist‬‭movement.‬
‭ bjects:‬‭The‬‭image‬‭likely‬‭features‬‭Harriet‬‭herself,‬‭possibly‬‭in‬
O
‭a‬‭heroic‬‭or‬‭determined‬‭pose,‬‭and‬‭may‬‭include‬‭depictions‬‭of‬
‭Underground‬‭Railroad‬‭or‬‭enslaved‬‭individuals.‬
‭ udience:‬‭Likely‬‭intended‬‭for‬‭a‬‭general‬‭audience,‬‭including‬
A
‭those‬‭interested‬‭in‬‭African‬‭American‬‭history,‬‭civil‬‭rights,‬‭and‬
‭art‬‭enthusiasts.‬
‭ oint‬‭of‬‭View:‬‭The‬‭artist’s‬‭perspective‬‭may‬‭celebrate‬
P
‭Tubman’s‬‭bravery,‬‭resilience,‬‭and‬‭leadership‬‭in‬‭helping‬
‭enslaved‬‭individuals‬‭escape‬‭to‬‭freedom.‬
S‭ ymbols:‬‭symbols‬‭of‬‭freedom,‬‭such‬‭as‬‭broken‬‭chains‬‭or‬‭North‬
‭Star,‬‭as‬‭well‬‭as‬‭representations‬‭of‬‭strength‬‭and‬‭courage‬
‭associated‬‭with‬‭her‬‭character.‬
‭Point‬‭of‬‭View:‬‭Lincoln’s‬‭perspective‬‭as‬‭President.‬
‭ nalyze:‬‭HE‬‭acknowledges‬‭Stowe’s‬‭book’s‬‭impact‬‭on‬‭the‬‭Civil‬
A
‭War.‬
‭ auses:‬‭“Uncle‬‭Tom’s‬‭Cabin”‬‭contribute‬‭to‬‭abolitionist‬
C
‭sentiment.‬
‭ ffect:‬‭Lincoln‬‭recognition‬‭highlights‬‭literature’s‬‭influence‬‭on‬
E
‭public‬‭opinion‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Civil‬‭War’s‬‭trajectory.‬
‭ hat‬‭effect‬‭does‬‭the‬‭Kansas‬‭Nebraska‬‭Act‬‭have‬‭on‬‭popular‬
W
‭sovereignty?‬
‭The‬‭Kansas-Nebraska‬‭Act‬‭repealed‬‭the‬‭Missouri‬
‭Compromise,‬‭created‬‭two‬‭new‬‭territories,‬‭and‬‭allowed‬‭for‬
‭popular‬‭sovereignty‬‭.‬‭It‬‭also‬‭produced‬‭a‬‭violent‬‭uprising‬
‭known‬‭as‬‭“Bleeding‬‭Kansas,”‬‭as‬‭proslavery‬‭and‬‭antislavery‬
‭activists‬‭flooded‬‭into‬‭the‬‭territories‬‭to‬‭sway‬‭the‬‭vote‬