CAMBRIDGE 11

TEST 1
Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement ? (>250 words  40
minutes)
The allocation of funds for transportation infrastructure appears to be a crucial
decision that government have to make in order to / so as to facilitate the
movement of people and goods efficiently. Some contend / argue that
prioritising railways over roads / focusing on railways rather than roads is a
more prudent approach. In this essay, I will present arguements in favour of
spending / consuming money on railways and demonstrate that this strategy can
yield / bring about substantial benefits for the nation.
One compelling reason to direct funds towards railways is their potential to
reduce / dwindle traffic congestions during peak hours / rush hours and ease
the burden on existing road networks. As urban hubs / centres grow and
population increase rapidly, roads become increasingly congested, that leads to /
is conducive to / results in traffic delays, air pollution, and higher accident
rates. By developing and expanding railway systems, governments can offer an
alternative mode / a substitute of transportation encouraging more people to opt
for trains instead of personal vehicles. For example, in China, the authorities
have constructed numerous high – speed railway systems nationwide which has
significantly reduced the travel time between major cities, thereby decreases
remarkably the quantity of traffic accidents and even take the nominent position
of the aviation.
Moreover, investing in railways can enhance sustainability and mitigate
environmental impacts. Cutting – edge trains operated by steam loccomotives,
are generally more energy – efficient campared to cars, buses, motorbikes,
which mostly rely on fossil fuels. By promoting rail travel, governments can
lower carbon emissions and contribute to global efforts to combat climate
change. For instance, in several European countries, governments have invested
heavily in modernizing and expanding their railway networks to encourage eco-
friendly transportation choices, resulting in decreased carbon footprints and a
cleaner environment.
Finally, prioritising developing railways has the upperhands for spurring /
Prompting economic development and regional connectivity. Efficient and
well-connected rail networks facilitate the movements of merchandise and
people between different regions, promoting trade and commerce. This, in turn,
attracts domestic and international investments, creates job opportunities in
various sectors. For instance, in China, the extensive development of high –
speed rail lines has played a pivotal role in connecting remote areas to major
economic hubs, fostering economic growth and reducing regional disparity.
In conclusion, directing governmental funds towards railway infrastructure
presents numerous significant benefits, including alleviating traffic congestion,
reducing environmental impacts, and fostering economic development.
 400 words.
 Outlines:
- Giảm ùn tắc giao thông.
- Phát triển bền vững + Bảo vệ môi trường.
- Kết nối các khu vực + Phát triển kinh tế.

TEST 2
WT 1:
The given pie charts compare the ratio of multilingual, billingual, and
monolingual British students stemming from a university in England in 2000
and 2010.
 The 2 pie charts illustrate / display the modification in the ratio /
percentage of students stemming from a British university who are able to
communicate in different languages in addition to English in 2 years,
2000 and 2010.
Overall, it is noticeable that in both years, 2000 and 2010, the majority of Brit

WT 2: Some people claim that not enough of waste from homes is recycled.
Thay say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to
make it a legal requirement. To what extent do you think laws are needed
to make people recycled more of their waste. (250 words)
1.
It is true that we do not recycle enough of household wastes. Although /
Notwithstanding I accept that new legislation to force people to recycle could
help this situation, I do mot agree / consent that a recycling law is the only
measure that government should take.
In my view, a new recycling law would be just one possible way to tackle /
address the waste problem. Governments could make it a legal obligation for
householders to separate all waste into different / disparate bins. There would be
punishments for people who fail to adhere to / comply with this law, ranging
from a small fine / penalty to community service, or even perhaps prison
sentences for repeat offenders / violators. These measures would act as a
deterrent and encourage / prompt people to obey the recycling law. As a result,
the improved behaviours of homeowners could lead to a clean, waste – free
environment for everyone.
However, I believe that government ought to do more that simply introduce /
issue a recycling law. It might be more effective if politicians put education,
rather than punishment at the centre / hub of a recycling campaign. For
example, children could be taught about recycling in schools, or universities,
colleg/es, and homeowners could be informed about the environmental impacts
of household waste. Another tactic that government could use / employ would
be to create stricter regulations for the companies that produce the packaging for
household products. Finally, money could also be spent to improve recycling
facilities and systems, so that waste is processed more effectively, regardless /
irrespective of whether or not people seperate it correctly in their homes.
In conclusion, we do need to make recycling a legal requirement. But this
would certainly not be the only way to encourage people to dispose of their
waste more responsibly.
 279 words.
2.
People’s participation in waste recycling and legal requirements regarding this
is a moot issue. Whether people should spontaneously take part in the
recycling process or governments should make it a legal obligation needs a
thorough discussion. I personally believe that governments should impose laws
and severely fine the violators to ensure proper waste recycling.
To commence with, waste recycling is done by the state and citizens are
expected to properly separate the recyclable and non-recyclable garbage and
pack them accordingly while dumping them in recycle bins. They are expected
to cooperate greatly in the recycling process. However, it is a strange fact that
many / numerous people do not partake in it spontaneously either from their
negligence or from their lack of time to do so. Therefore, making it a law and
imposing fines for violating it can greatly improve people's participation in
recycling.
Moreover, it is a harsh truth that many people abide by rules only from the
concern of punishment or fine, not from their conscience. For instance, when
the penalty for traffic rule violations went up last year, people started following
them in my city. Similarly, if laws are introduced and the authority starts
penalising, more people would recycle more of their household waste.
Finally, waste recycling is essential to protect our environment, and we already
have many rules to protect our environment. While deforestation is a severe
crime in my country, there is no visible law for not recycling waste. This is why
people are very careless about their waste management in our country.
Therefore, proper laws related to waste recycling are required.
In conclusion, most of the citizens in our country already know about the
importance of saving the environment and how individual efforts of recycling
can improve environmental conditions. Since many of them still do not take part
in waste recycling, there is no alternative than to impose laws to have this done.
 317 words.
3.
At present, although the concept (Notion) of recycling is important, there are
still many families who lack it and do it incorrectly. Hence, some people believe
the authorities should implement rules to boost recycling. I agree with that, and
in this essay, I will offer my opinion with examples in the following paragraphs.
First and foremost, I think making regulations can be useful because of its
punishment system. That is to say, people will comply if they face fines for
littering and not recycling. In addition, government policy is always associated
with legal blinding, as a result, individuals will put more effort into conducting
recycling certainly rather than unfollowing it. For instance, in Taiwan, people
cannot put recycled things and trash together when they dump / throw away
the garbage or the garbage truck can refuse to take it owing to / due to the
government policy. Therefore, everyone will separate recycled objects from
general waste.
However, it is not always the case that every family will obey the rules
because / on the grounds that it is hard to control thoroughly. Take some
remote areas as an example, there would be few resources or enforcement
officers which may contribute to / result in / be conducive to a lack of
management, leading to the outcome of laws being useless. Moreover, if
people do not have awareness of taking it initiative and considering it is
important, the strict rules are still not helpful and just be a piece of paper.
Despite there being still some factors that laws cannot work well, making a
specific policy by the authority can help increase the thinking of environment
friendly.
In conclusion, considering everything, I would say establishing the policy on
recycling outweighs without it. I think most families, who are not familiar
with recycling or not taking it seriously, will change / modify / alter the way of
discarding waste to more eco-friendly ways through the firm rules.
4. F
It has been argued that there is not enough household waste, leading some to
advocate for the imposition of mandatory recycling programs by governments.
While I support that governments should enforce recycling laws on households,
legislation alone may not be sufficient to instigate a significant shift in recycling
behaviour.
To start, laws and regulations regarding household recycling play a crucial role
in reducing the amount of home garbage. It is indisputable that environmental
concerns and understanding of the impact of garbage on the environment vary
from person to person, that’s why not all of the people in this plant will commit
their time and energy to recycling. This diversity in attitudes underscores the
necessity of establishing legal obligations by governments for recycling
household waste where violators will be fined and punished. Such legal
measures can act as a powerful motivator, encouraging individuals to prioritize
recycling in their daily lives or pausing or mitigating the trend of using
disposable items such as plastic bags or non-rechargeable batteries, ultimately
curbing the amount of domestic waste.
However, it is essential to recognize that the success of recycling initiatives
goes beyond legislation alone. To instigate a significant shift in recycling
behaviour, legal mandates should complement educational campaigns. For
instance, to address the overuse of plastic bags the government could launch
campaigns highlighting the detrimental impact of plastic bags on the
environment, and after following this awareness drive, the government can
enforce a ban on the use of these bags in supermarkets. These campaigns can
foster a deeper understanding of the environmental consequences of improper
waste disposal, encouraging voluntary compliance beyond mere legal
adherence.
In conclusion, to increase the recycling of domestic waste, while I advocate for
the enforcement of recycling laws, I firmly believe in the importance of a
comprehensive strategy that integrates legal mandates with robust educational
campaigns.
 TEST 3.
WT 1:
WT 2: Some people say that the only reason for learning a foreign language
is in order to travel or work in a foreign country. Others say that these are
not the only reasons why someone should learn a foreign language. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.

Language acquisition / learning has long been a subject of debate / moot issue.
Some people contend that its sole purpose lies in facilitating travel or
employment abroad, whilst others argue that it serves broader intellectual and
cultural purposes. This essay will delve into / explore both perspectives and
present my stance on the matter emphasizing that learning a foreign language
brings / yields multifaceted advantages beyond utilitarian aspects.
On the one hand, those who believe that proficiency in / good command of a
foreign language should be solely for employment and travel opine that we
should learn a second language in addition of our mother tongue in order to look
for job prospects straightforwardly as well as enhance / boost their travelling
experiences in other countries. For instance, fluency in Spanish allows
individuals to immerse themselves into the rich cultures of various Latin
American countries, fostering meaningful connections with the indigenes /
locals and gaining a deeper appriciation of their traditions. Moreover, being
billingual or multilingual opens up a plethora of job opportunities in
international organizations, multinational corporations, diplomacy and tourism
sectors, where language skills are highly valued.
On the other hand, others assert that learning a foreign language is solely for
practical purposes overlooks the intrinsic value of this endeavour. Mastering
another language broadens one’s horizon and nutures a deeper understanding /
perceiving of diverse worldviews. For example, delving into the nuances of
Japanese grammar and culture enables learners to appreciate the intricacies of
traditional Japanese literature, such as Haiku or Tanka, and thereby fosters a
profound cultural exchange. Furthermore, language acquisition bolsters
cognitive funtions, including memory retention and problem – tackling skills.
Studies have shown that billingual individual exhibit enhanced cognitive
flexibility, as they are constantly switching between languages and adapting to
different linguistic structures.
In conclusion, whilst learning a foreign language facilitates career prospects and
travel, its scope transcends / surpass the utilitarian goals. Embracing linguistic
diversity nurtures cultural appreciation, fosters cognitive development, and
enriches personal experiences. Therefore, learning a foreign language is a
multifaceted pursuit that opens doors to a world of opportunities, expands the
horizons of understanding, and broadens our perspectives on global
interconnectedness.
2/4/2024.
Task 2: In many countries in the world, if people want to find work, they
have to move away from their families and friends. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages ?
Looking for career prospects in disparate sectors nationwide and worldwide has been an evident
trend amidst a great deal of labour. This phenomenon triggers numerous debates regarding / with
with respect to its upperhands and drawbacks. This essay / discourse will delve into both facets
before issuing / presenting a personal viewpoint.
On the one hand, the assumption of benefits transcend / surpass / exceed / go
beyond the negative impacts underscores / emphasize the unparraleled
professional and personal development opportunities it brings. In Vietnam, for
instance, the urban and economic hubs like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
annually attract a large amount of employees stemming from all over the
country on the grounds that / Because these cities offer prospects
unattainable in rural areas, drawing individuals the allure of superior
renumeration / high income and career progression. Moreover, this migration
not only fosters professional growth but also cultivates (Trau dồi, Tu dưỡng)
adaptibility and resilience, equipping individuals for the complexities of
globalized economy.
On the other hand, this transition is supposed / believed to result in / lead to
several emotional and financial strains. The severance / separation from familial
support and established social circles can engender loneliness and stress,
significantly impacting well – being / health. In a cultures that deeply values
family connections, like Vietnam’s or China’s, this disconnection is acutely /
profoundly felt. Additionally / In addition, the financial burden of relocating,
especially to cities / urban hubs with escalated living costs, poses a significant /
considerable deterrent, suggesting that staying put might preserve emotional
health and financial stability.
Nevertheless / however, I posit that the benefits surpass the drawbacks. Progress
inherently involves stepping beyond comfort zones in order to seize / grasp new
opportunities. Whilst the emotional and financial costs of moving are non –
negligible, the resultant personal and professional advancement is paramount. In
today’s interconnected world, adaptability and cultural fluency are
indispensable traits, rendering the ability to navigate new environment
invaluable / precious.
In sum / In brief / In conclusion, dispite the challenges linked to / pertained to
relocating for work, the overarching benefits (career advancement and
personal growth) outweigh the temporary hardships / difficulties. This is
particularly pertinent in dynamic settings like Vietnam, where the pursuit of
professional opportunities justifies the interim sacrifices, heralding a brighter
future.