Wireless Communication 01 Intro

Sistem Digital Nirkabel
INTRODUCTION
Magister Teknik Elektro

Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mudrik Alaydrus

Dr. Dian Widi Astuti
September 2023
You can only create
what you can imagine
Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 2

Wireless Communications
Claude Shannon:
The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one
point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point.
Wireless: free space as

transmission medium
→ uncontrollable media
Classification of Wireless Systems
Mobile Communication Systems Adhoc Wireless Networks
D2D

Evolution of Wireless Cellular Communication Systems
Attaran, M. The impact of 5G on the evolution of intelligent automation and industry digitization. J Ambient Intell Human Comput (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02521-x
https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/05/5g-is-now-live-in-24-markets-gsma-predicts-itll-be-20-of-global-connections-by-2025-and-eyes-a-big-tech-break-up/

LTE and LTE-Advanced Deployments
Data as of January 23, 2015

http://www.4gamericas.org/en/resources/lte-and-lte-advanced-deployments/
Mobility vs Data rate
Mobile Networks and Internet of Things Infrastructures to Characterize Smart Human Mobility (Jun 2021)
Spektrum frekuensi

Distribusi Gauss
Distribusi Rayleigh
Distribusi Rice

LTE and Beyond
the opportunity to introduce Ultimately LTE will be able to
higher order modulation, such support the aggregation of
as 256 QAM for the downlink, 5×20MHz carriers
“on-off small cells”
framework for the aggregation
of FDD and TDD carriers
see next slides
Machine-Type Communications
splitting cells vertically and a number of short range wireless
potentially distinguishing between technologies, such as Bluetooth
individual mobile terminals based and NFC
on their height
massive MIMO (large numbers, e.g. hundreds, of BS
antenna s to create very narrow beamwidth, which
maximise the SNR experienced by individual mobile
terminals.
A major feature of LTE-A: Carrier Aggregation, allowing network operators to combine a number
of separate LTE carriers → increase the peak user data rates and overall capacity
Basic LTE (3GPP Release 8) able to achieve peak data rates of 300Mbit/s DL
and 75Mbit/s UL (4×4 MIMO antennas & BW 20MHz)
→ improvement in spectral efficiency & in a wider bandwidth.
Key point to achieve higher data rates: Using bandwidths wider than 20MHz.
Some network operators may be lucky enough to have contiguous spectrum allocations of more
than 20MHz. However, the nature of spectrum allocation over the years is such that most
operators have a mix and match of spectrum within and between frequency bands.
Redistribution of analogue TV spectrum & the provision of higher frequency spectrum:

An operator might have LTE spectrum at one or more of 700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz,
1900MHz, 2100MHz, 2500MHz and 2600MHz.

Carrier Aggregation enables a network operator to combine radio channels within
the same frequency band or across different bands.
LTE-A standard allows the aggregation of up to five carriers, each up to 20MHz.
Carrier Aggregation can be applied to both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and
Time Division Duplex (TDD) variants of LTE and it allows the combination of
different carrier bandwidths in number of ways, as illustrated by the examples in the
figure below.
Single TX-RX
different TX-RX
different TX-RX

3GPP Release 12 (to be frozen 2014) will add further frequency bands and band
combinations to the existing carrier aggregation modes. It will also introduce two new
modes, enabling three downlink/one uplink carriers as well as two non-contiguous
uplink carriers.
Ahead of the completion of 3GPP Release 12, Samsung demonstrated three carrier
channel aggregation at Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2014. The demonstration
combined three 20MHz carriers to achieve a peak downlink user data rate of 450Mbps.
Beyond the extension of current Carrier Aggregation modes to more channels, more
bands and more combinations of bands, 3GPP is also investigating a number of other
potentially valuable developments:
• Aggregation of carriers across cells.
• Aggregation of TDD carriers with FDD carriers.
• Aggregation of carriers across licensed and unlicensed bands.

04.
Perkembangan Terkini

CELLULAR SYSTEMS

Evolution of wireless mobile technologies
Khan, 6G Wireless Systems: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions, IEEE Access, 2020

Perkembangan Terkini
• Teknik Gelombang Milimeter

• MIMO – Massive MIMO

Millimeter wave Technology
The 28 GHz is expected to be deployed on 5G early 2019, as well as the

26GHz, 37GHz and 39GHz
Sistem bands
Digital Nirkabel (lateGenap
- Semester 2019)
2022-2023 37
Characteristics of Millimeter waves
Millimeter Wave Channel is “very lossy“
Blocking
Ultra short Wavelength < 10 mm

Millimeter Wave Channel is “very lossy“
10dB/km

Blocking of the signals

Ultra short Wavelength < 10 mm
Miniaturization of the components
Small antennas → arrays are

possible
→High gain, or
→ MIMO systems

MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output
Meningkatkan throughput dengan ‘hanya’ menambahkan antena
x h
y=h x
x1 x2 x3 xn y1 y2 y3 .. ym
Reflectarray - Beamforming → Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)

Standardization

Thank You for your Attention !

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Sistem Digital Nirkabel

Magister Teknik Elektro

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mudrik Alaydrus

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 2

Wireless: free space as

Mobile Communication Systems Adhoc Wireless Networks

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 4

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 7

Data as of January 23, 2015

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 13

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 20

Redistribution of analogue TV spectrum & the provision of higher frequency spectrum:

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 28

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 29

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 30

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 31

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 32

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 34

• Teknik Gelombang Milimeter

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 36

The 28 GHz is expected to be deployed on 5G early 2019, as well as the

Millimeter Wave Channel is “very lossy“

Ultra short Wavelength < 10 mm

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 39

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 40

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 41

Miniaturization of the components

Small antennas → arrays are

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 42

Meningkatkan throughput dengan ‘hanya’ menambahkan antena

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 44

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 45

Sistem Digital Nirkabel - Semester Genap 2022-2023 47

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