How’s Skin Conditions Affect Baby’s

Growth and Development

Fisiologis Kulit
Bayi
Newborn Period
• Vernix caseosa : lubricating and antibacterial features, pH ranges
from 6.7 to 7.4.
• Various dermatologic skin problems, most of them are innocent
and transient.
• Serious infectious, congenital skin diseases and sometimes malign
tumors should be taken into consideration.
Common Skin Problems

Cutis marmorata Neonatal desquamation Angel’s Kiss

Common Skin Problems

Port Wine Stain Milia Neonatal Acne

Common Skin Problems

Contact Dermatitis Diaper Candidiasis Atopic Dermatitis

 Contributing Factors of Diaper’s Dermatitis
• Diapers
• Ammonia from urine also feces
• Chemical irritants
• Increased pH
• Superhydrated skin
• Inherited defects in barrier function
• Courses of oral antibiotics
• Episodes of viral gastroenteritis
• Malabsorption/malnutrition
Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
• A chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 5% to 20% of children
worldwide
• The burden of AD seems to be increasing, especially among younger
children in developing nations.
• Dry skin is a cardinal sign of AD with increased Transepidermal Water
Loss (TEWL) across the stratum corneum.
• AD is part of the ‘atopic march’, which classically begins with AD,
followed by IgE-mediated food allergies, asthma and allergic rhinitis.
• These lesions may remain localized or extend to the trunk and
extremities, particularly the extensor surfaces.
• Significant predictors of a poor prognosis of infantile AD are severity of
disease, atopic sensitization, early wheeze, and a strong family history
of atopy.
Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
• Quality of life is significantly impacted by infantile AD, with
patients suffering from intense pruritus and sleep disturbances,
and parents affected by poor sleep quality, cost, emotional
stressors and time off work to care for the child.
• Environmental factors that may adversely impact the skin barrier
include mechanical damage, such as from repetitive scratching,
and certain climate conditions.
Diagnostic Criteria for AD

JMAJ 45(11): 460–465, 2002

Severity of AD
 Questionnaires:
• Brief Illness Perception
Questionnaire (Brief IPQ)
Parents : • Infant’s Dermatitis Quality of
• anxiety, Children : Life Index (IDQOL)
• depression, • Mood changes • Children’s Dermatology Life
Quality Index (CDLQI)
• frustration (irritability, crying) • Dermatitis Family Impact
• fatigue, • Sleep disturbances Questionnaire (DFIQ)
• Overprotective • Affecting their • The Severity Scoring of Atopic
Dermatitis (SCORAD).
• family’s expenditure physical, emotional
increased and social wellbeing,
• More time spent on school performance
childcare and additional
housework
Sleep Disturbance
• Epidemiologic studies indicate that up to 50% of children experience
a sleep problem, and about 4% have a formal sleep disorder
diagnosis.
• Sleep is an opportunity for the body to conserve energy, restore its
normal processes, promote physical growth, and support mental
development. Important role in brain function and impacts systemic
physiology, metabolism, appetite regulation, immune system
functioning, and hormonal and cardiovascular system function
• Consequence of inadequate sleep is daytime sleepiness, irritability,
behavioral problems, learning difficulties, motor vehicle crashes in
teenagers, and poor academic performance.
Individuals with a history of any type of
sleep disturbance had an increased
odds of developing :
• mood or psychotic disorder in
adolescence or early adulthood
(Odds ratio [OR]:1.88; 95%
Confidence Intervals:1.67, 2.25)
• bipolar disorders (OR:1.72)
• depressive disorders (OR:1.62).
Management of Diaper’s Dermatitis
• Check diapers at 2- to 3-hour intervals to minimize exposure to irritants
• Gently cleanse the area with warm water, cotton balls, or baby wipes when
the diaper is soiled to remove irritants, avoiding excessive washing and the
use of potentially irritating soaps and cleansers
• Use gentle diaper wipes that do not contain alcohol, fragrance, irritants, or
sensitizers (only if the skin is intact)
• Apply a thick ointment-based emollient after cleansing following each
diaper change to protect the diaper area
• Avoid combination products that couple barrier ointments with antibiotics,
antifungal agents, and topical steroids to prevent the risk of adverse events
from overuse of topical steroids5
Clinical Pediatrics. 2017;56(5_suppl):16S-22S.
Management of AD
• Topical therapy for AD includes emollients, topical corticosteroids
(TCS), topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), and phosphodiesterase
4 (PDE-4) inhibitors.
• The ideal moisturizing product should be safe, effective,
inexpensive, and free of sensitizing agents including additives,
fragrances, and perfum
• Once daily bathing is generally recommended and moisturizer
should be applied soon after, especially in the setting of xerotic
skin.
• Non-soap cleansers that are neutral to low pH, hypoallergenic, and
fragrance-free may be used sparingly.
J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13: 563–573.
Bahan Aman untuk Kulit Bayi
1. Tanpa pewarna
2. Tanpa pewangi
3. Tanpa paraben
4. Tanpa phthalates
5. Tanpa antimikroba
6. Bebas alkohol
7. Hipoalergenik
8. Bahan dasar alami
9. pH sesuai kulit bayi
10.Tanpa deterjen SLS
Pewarna dan Pewangi
• Pewarna dan pewangi tidak
disarankan terdapat dalam
perawatan kulit bayi baru lahir.
• Pewangi natural aromanya
tidak terlalu menyengat dan
tidak memicu kulit si kecil iritasi
atau gangguan kulit lainnya.
• Anda bisa memilih sabun yang
mengandung minyak atsiri atau
ekstrak tumbuhan. Kandungan
ini sering digunakan untuk
menutupi aroma kurang
menyenangkan dari kandungan
aslinya.
Bebas Paraben dan Phthalate
• Paraben digunakan dalam produk kosmetik dan pembersih kulit, untuk
mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri serta jamur yang bisa mengurangi kualitas
produk dan membahayakan konsumen.
• Paraben memiliki struktur kimia mirip estrogen, yaitu hormon yang dikenal
dapat menyebabkan penggandaan sel di payudara, baik sel normal maupun
kanker. Selain itu dapat memicu dermatitis kontak alergik.
• Phthalates adalah zat kimia yang digunakan untuk membuat plastik menjadi
kokoh dan fleksibel. Selain pada plastik, phthalates juga bisa ditemukan pada
sabun, sampo, cat kuku, parfum, detergen, produk perawatan kulit, dan hair
spray.
• Phathalates dapat menyebabkan gangguan sistem endokrin dan alergi.
Bebas Antimikroba dan Alkohol
• Triclosan merupakan bahan kimia antibakteri dan antimikroba yang
selama ini banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan produk perawatan.
• Bahaya triclosan : penurunan kadar testosteron dan mengurangi
produksi sperma. Triclosan juga dapat mempengaruhi tiroid, yang
menghasilkan hormon penting untuk perkembangan otak pada anak-
anak; alergi dan asma; resistensi antibiotik; bakteri usus.
• Alkohol disebut dapat membuat kulit kering, iritasi, bahkan kasar,
terutama bila digunakan setiap hari.
• Jenis alkohol baik tidak mengiritasi dan sangat bermanfaat bagi kulit,
termasuk kulit kering dan sensitive seperti : Cetearyl
alcohol,Glycol,Cetyl alcohol,C12-16,Stearyl alcohol,Myristyl
alcohol,Lauryl alcohol. Jenis alkohol di atas diambil dari lemak alami
dan minyak, biasanya dari kelapa.
Hypoallergenic
• Hipoalergenik adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
bahwa kandungan yang terdapat dalam suatu produk tidak
menimbulkan reaksi alergi seperti gatal dan kemerahan.
• Selain itu kandungan hipoalergenik juga tidak memiliki wewangian
sehingga membuat kulit sensitif minim reaksi dibandingkan dengan
produk sabun mandi yang memiliki wewangian tertentu.
Bahan dasar alami
• Extra virgin olive oil
• Minyak kelapa
• Minyak bunga matahari
• Minyak jojoba
• Ekstrak vanilla
• Minyak lavender
• Ekstrak rosemary
• Ekstrak chamomile
Tanpa Deterjen SLS
• Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, yaitu salah satu jenis surfaktan atau detergen yang
sering ditemukan di dalam produk-produk pembersih.
• Zat kimia ini merupakan bahan utama di dalam formulasi kimia untuk
mandi karena menghasilkan banyak busa.
• SLS punya banyak nama lain seperti Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES),
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Lauryl Sodium Sulfate, Lauryl Sulfate Sodium
Salt, Sodium Myreth Sulfate, Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate, Anionik
Surfaktan, serta masih banyak nama SLS lainnya.
• SLS mudah masuk ke dalam jaringan kulit, sehingga kulit menjadi kering
dan bisa memicu timbulnya kemerahan atau bahkan iritasi. Sodium Lauryl
Sulfate juga salah satu karsinogenik atau faktor penyebab kanker bila
dipakai terus menerus.
Baby Wipes
• Three main components—the basesheet (the cloth that makes the
wipe), the formulation (the ingredients in the solution that make
the wipe wet and help with cleaning), and package
• Removal of ingredients with irritation or skin‐sensitizing potential
such as methylisothiazolinone (MI) and phenoxyethanol
• Formulated with a very large percentage of water, extremely mild
surfactant (detergent or cleanser) to lower surface tension for
better cleaning, a preservation system to ensure product freshness
before and during use, a pH adjusting (buffering) system,
skin‐benefiting ingredients that reduce frictional damage,
replenish the skin lipids
Pediatr Dermatol.2020 May-Jun; 37(3): 447–454.