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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5

DẠNG CÂU GIỚI TỪ – PREPOSITIONS

Lý thuyết tóm gọn


1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian (Prepositions of time):
• IN (trong, vào) được dùng để chỉ các buổi trong ngày (ngoại trừ at night), tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên, thế kỷ
hoặc khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.
Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century,
in the Middle Age, in ten minutes
IN TIME: đúng lúc, kịp lúc
Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner?
• AT (vào lúc) được dùng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc các kỳ nghỉ (tòan bộ những ngày trong kỳ nghỉ)
Ex: at 6 o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend,
at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter
At : được dùng trong một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same time, at once, at that
time, at first, at last
• ON (vào) được dùng để chỉ ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong kỳ nghỉ hoặc các buổi trong
ngày cụ thể.
Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s birthday
ON TIME: đúng giờ Ex: The train arrived right on time.
• FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for two months, for a long time
• SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Monday, since 2002
• UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until 5 o’clock, till midnight
• BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime • AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime
• DURING (trong, suốt): during World War II • BY (vào lúc): by the end of May
• FROM … TO (từ … đến): from morning to noon
2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn (Prepositions of place):
• AT (ở, tại) được dùng để chỉ vị trí tại một điểm.
Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at the grocer’s,
at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back
* Lưu ý: arrive at the village/ the airport/ the railway station
But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City
• IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên đường, tên thị
trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương tiện đi lại bằng xe hơi (car).
Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in Vietnam, in the
east, in a car/ taxi
• ON (trên, ở trên) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt, số tầng trong một tòa nhà, trước tên đường (US) hoặc
dùng với một số phương tiện đi lại.
Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/ plane/
(motor)bike/ horse, on foot
On còn được dùng trong một số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach, on TV/ radio…
BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA – BÀI SỐ 1
D1. The headquarters of the United Nations is ______ New York.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
2. In the most countries people drive ______ the right.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
3. I usually buy a newspaper ______ my way to work.
A. at B. by C. in D. on
4. Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday ______the Swiss Alps.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
5. San Francisco is ______ the west coast of the United States.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
6. She spends most of the day sitting ______ the window.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
7. The report about the accident was ______ the front page of the newspaper.
A. at B. from C. in D. on
8. In the theatre we had seats ______ the front row.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
9. Write the name and address ______ the front page of the envelope.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
10. It's dangerous to play football ______ the streets.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
11. I'll meet you ______ the corner of the street at 10.
A. at B. by C. in D. on
12. We got stuck in a traffic jam ______ the way to the airport.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
13. Look at the horses ______ that field.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
14. ______ the end of the street is a path to our house.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
15. Do you want sugar ______ your coffee?
A. at B. from C. in D. on
16. Her brother lives ______ a small town ______ the south coast of Spain.
A. by / at B. at / in C. in / on D. on / in
17. The sports results are ______ the back page of the paper.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
18. They got married ______ Birmingham.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
19. Vienna is ______ the river Danube.
A. at B. by C. on D. in
20. His office is ______ the third floor.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
22. We decided not to go ______ car.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
23. She studied ______ Paris for two weeks.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
24 The exhibition ______ the art gallery finished last Sunday.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
25. I saw Ken ______ Dave's wedding.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA – BÀI SỐ 2
1. Linda is a student ______ Cambridge University.
A. in B. from C. by D. at
2. The picture is ______ the wall.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
3. We meet ______ the station at 7.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
4. She was ill and stayed ______ bed.
A. at B. from C. in D. on
5. Are there any good films ______ the cinema this week?
A. with B. at C. in D. on
6. After some years he arrived back ______ Scotland.
A. by B. at C. in D. on
7. The train arrives ______ platform 3.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
8. What time did you arrive ______ the hotel?
A. by B. in C. at D. on
9. Turn left ______ the traffic lights.
A. at B. on C. in D. by
10. When are you going ______ Greece?
A. at B. to C. in D. on
11. He was tired and went ______ bed
A. to B. by C. in D. at
12. The train stopped ______ every station.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
13. I saw Bill this morning. He was ______ a bus which passed me.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
14. I missed the bus and had to go ______ foot.
A. at B. by C. in D. on
15. The easiest way to go there is ______ underground.
A. at B. from C. by D. on
16. Tom is sitting ______ an armchair.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5 GIỚI TỪ - PREPOSITIONS
Question 8: Linh is keen _______ cycling to school.
A. in B. on
C. about D. of
Những cấu trúc giới từ thông dụng

Giới từ Cấu trúc Nghĩa


ABOUT - To be sorry about st + lấy làm tiếc, hối tiếc về cái gì
- To be curious about st + tò mò về cái gì

- To be careful about st + cẩn thận về cái gì


- To be careless about st + bất cẩn về cái gì
- To be confused about st + nhầm lẫn về cái gì
- To be doubtful about st + hoài nghi về cái gì
- To be excited about st + hứng thú về cái gì
- To be enthusiastic about st + nhiệt tình, hào hứng về cái gì
- To be sad about st + buồn về cái gì
- To be serious about + nghiêm túc về
- To be reluctant about st (or to) st + ngần ngại, miễn cưỡng với cái gì
- To be uneasy about st + không thoải mái
- To be worried about st + lo lắng về cái gì
AT - To be amazed at st
- To be amused at st + kinh ngạc, sửng sốt vì cái gì
- To be angry at sb + thích thú với cái gì
- To be annoyed at sb + tức giận với ai
- To be bad at st + bực mình với ai
- To be brilliant at + yếu kém về cái gì
- To be good/clever at st + thông minh, có tài
- To be efficient at st + giỏi/sắc sảo về cái gì
- To be expert at st + có năng lực về cái gì
- To be mad at sb + thành thạo về cái gì
- To be present at + tức điên lên với ai
- To be skillful at st + có mặt
- To be surprised at st + khéo léo cái gì
- To be quick at st + ngạc nhiên với
+ nhạy bén về cái gì/nhanh chóng làm gì
FOR
- To be available for sth + có sẵn (cái gì)
- To be bad for + xấu cho
- To be good for + tốt cho
- To be convenient for + thuận lợi cho...
- To be difficult for + khó...
- To be dangerous for + nguy hiểm...
- To be eager for + háo hức cho
- To be eligible for + đủ tư cách cho
- To be late for + trễ...
- To be liable for sth + có trách nhiệm về pháp lý
- To leave for + rời khỏi đâu
- To be famous/well-known for + nổi tiếng

- To be fit for + thích hợp với + tham


- To be greedy for lam...
- To be grateful for sth + biết ơn về việc...
- To be helpful/useful for + có ích /có lợi
- To be necessary for + cần thiết
- To be perfect for + hoàn hảo
- To prepare for + chuẩn bị cho
- To be qualified for + có phẩm chất
- To be ready for sth + sẵn sàng cho việc gì
- To be responsible for sth + có trách nhiệm v’ê việc gì
- To be suitable for + thích hợp
- To be sorry for + xin lỗi /lấy làm tiếc cho
- To apologize for st/doing st + xin lỗi vì cái gì/vì đã làm gì
- To thank sb for st/doing st + cảm ơn ai vì cái gì
- To be useful for + có ích, hữu dụng
FROM
- To borrow st from sb/st + vay mượn của ai /cái gì
- To demand st from sb + đòi hỏi cái gì ở ai
- To draw st from st + rút cái gì
- To emerge from st + nhú lên cái gì
- To escape from + thoát ra từ cái gì
- To be free from + không bị, không phải
- To prevent st from + ngăn cản ai cái gì
- To protect sb/st from + bảo vệ ai /bảo về cái gì
- To prohibit sb from doing st + cấm ai làm việc gì
- To separate st/sb from st/sb + tách cái gì ra khỏi cái gì
/tách ai ra khỏi ai
- To suffer from + chịu đựng đau khổ
- To be away from st/sb + xa cách cái gì/ai
- To be different from st + khác về cái gì
- To be far from sb/st + xa cách ai/cái gì
- To be safe from st + an toàn trong cái gì
- To save sb/st from + cứu ai/cái gì khỏi
- To be resulting from st + do cái gì có kết quả

IN - To be absorbed in + say mê, say sưa


- To believe in st/sb + tin tưởng cái gì/vào ai
- To delight in st + hồ hởi về cái gì
- To be engaged in st + tham dự, lao vào cuộc
- To be experienced in st + có kinh nghiệm về cái gì

- To include st in st + gộp cái gì vào cái gì


- To indulge in st + chìm đắm trong cái gì
- To be interested in st /doing st + quan tâm cái gì/việc gì
- To invest st in st + đầu tư cái gì vào cái gì
- To involved in st + dính líu vào cái gì
- To persist in st + kiên trì trong cái gì
- To be deficient in st + thiếu hụt cái gì
- To be fortunate in st + may mắn trong cái gì
- To be rich in st + dồi dào, phong phú
- To be successful/succeed in + thành công
OF
- To be ashamed of + xấu hổ về...
- To be afraid of + sợ, e ngại...
- To be ahead of + trước
- To be aware of + nhận thức
- To be capable of + có khả năng
- To be confident of + tự tin
- To be certain of + chắc chắn về
- To be doubtful of + nghi ngờ
- To be fond of + thích
- To be full of + đầy
- To be hopeful of + hy vọng
- To be independent of + độc lập
- To be proud of + tự hào
- To be jealous of + ganh tị với
- To be guilty of + phạm tội về, có tội
- To be innocent of + vô tội
- To remind sb of + gợi cho ai nhớ tới
- To be sick of + chán nản về
- To be scared of + sợ hãi
- To be short of + thiếu
- To be suspicious of + nghi ngờ về
- To be joyful of + vui mừng về
- To be typical of + tiêu biểu, điển hình
- To be tired of + mệt mỏi
- To be terrified of + khiếp sợ về
ON - To be dependent/depend on st/sb + lệ thuộc vào cái gì /vào ai
- To be keen on st + mê cái gì
- To be based on st + dựa trên, dựa vào
TO
+ có thể
- To be able to
+ có thể chấp nhận
- To be acceptable to
+ có thể kết nối, tiếp cận
- To be accessible to
+ quen với
- To be accustomed to
+ có thể đồng ý
- To be agreeable to
+ đam mê
- To be addicted to
+ sẵn cho ai
- To be available to sb
+ rõ ràng
- To be clear to
+ trái lại, đối lập
- To be contrary to
+ thú vị đối với ai
- To be delightful to sb
- To be equal to + tương đương với
- To be exposed to + phơi bày, để lộ
- To be familiar to sb + quen thuộc đối với ai
- To be favorable to + tán thành, ủng hộ
- To be grateful to sb + biết ơn ai
- To be harmful to sb/st + có hại cho ai (cho cái gì]
- To be Important to + quan trọng
- To be indifferent to + bàn quang, thờ ơ
- To be identical to + giống hệt
- To be kind to sb + tốt với ai
To be kind of sb + lòng tốt của ai
- To be likely to + có thể
- To be lucky to + may mắn
- To be loyal to + chung thủy với
- To be necessary to sth/sb + cần thiết cho việc gì/cho ai
- To be next to + kế bên
- To be open to + cởi mở
- To be opposed to + phản đối
- To be pleasant to + hài lòng
- To be preferable to + đáng thích hơn
- To be profitable to + có lợi
- To be responsible to sb + có trách nhiệm với ai
- To be rude to + thô lỗ, cộc cằn
- To be similar to + giống, tương tự
- To be useful to sb + có ích cho ai
- To be willing to + sẵn lòng
WITH - To be acquainted with + quen biết, quen thân
- To be angry with sb + tức giận với ai

- To be busy with st + bận với cái gì


- To be bored with = to be fed up with + chán ngán, chán ngấy
- To be consistent with st + kiên trì chung thủy với cái gì
- To be content with st + hài lòng với
= to be satisfied with
- To be crowded with + đầy, đông đúc
- To be covered with + bao phủ với
- To cope with + đương đầu với
- To deal with + xử lí, giải quyết với
- To be disappointed with + thất vọng với
- To be friendly to + thân thiện với
- To be patient with st + kiên trì với cái gì
- To be impressed with/by + có ấn tượng/xúc động với
- To be popular with + phổ biến quen thuộc
- To be wrong with + có vấn đề
BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA
1. I’m truly sorry _______ your son. I hope he will leave the hospital soon.
A. about B. at C. for D. from
2. She was amazed _______ how calm she felt after the accident.
A. about B. at C. for D. from
3. We're really bad _______ predicting future costs.
A. about B. at C. for D.
5. She was very amused _______ your comments. from
A. about B. for C. from D. at
6. You're mad _______ walking home alone at this time of night.
A. about B. for C. from D. at
7. Clearly we need to come to an arrangement that is acceptable _______ both parties.
A. to B. for C. on D. at
8. Babies are curious _______ everything around them.
A. to B. for C. about D. at
9. He's in a really foul temper so be careful _______ what you say to him.
A. to B. about C. from D. at
11. For all our narrow-minded talk of honor, we are careless _______ our children's safety
A. about B. with C. on D. from
12. I'm a bit confused _______ the arrangement for tonight - what time are we meeting?
A. about B. with C. on D. at
13. He was annoyed _______ the way she tried to take over the whole meeting.
A. for B. on C. with D. at
14. He's really angry _______ me for upsetting Sophie.
A. at B. on C. for D. from
15. The teacher is doubtful _______ having parents working as classroom assistants.
A. from B. about C. on D. at
16. I am really excited _______ the opportunity to work with her.
A. from B. with C. on D. about
17. You don't seem very enthusiastic _______ the party - don't you want to go tonight?
A. about B. with C. for D. at
18. We are very sad _______ your news and hope things are going better for you.
A. from B. to C. about D. for
19. The region is rich _______ minerals and coal deposits.
A. from B. with C. on D. in
20. She quickly became accustomed _______ his messy ways.
A. for B. to C. on D. at
21. He fell in the river but his friend saved him _______ drowning.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
22. Richard succeeded _______ offending just about everybody in the room!
A. with B. at C. in D. to
23. My brother always delights _______ telling me when I make a mistake.
A. with B. in C. on D. to
24. This is something I am really serious _______ and want to take it all the way through.
A. with B. at C. on D. about
25. Whooping cough is most dangerous _______ infants.
A. with B. in C. for D. to
26. Is merely being present _______ the convention sufficient?
A. with B. at C. on D. to
27. We need to find a compromise that is agreeable _______ both sides of the party.
A. with B. at C. on D. to
28. Many students are worried _______ the coming exam.
A. about B. on C. from D. to
29. She ought to be thoroughly ashamed _______ herself - talking to her mother like that!
A. with B. at C. on D. of
30. Motor vehicles are prohibited _______ driving in the town centre.
A. from B. for C. to D. at
31. They don't believe _______ living together before marriage.
A. from B. for C. to D. in
32. It's important to protect your skin _______ the harmful effects of the sun.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
33. He's addicted _______ coffee and cannot do anything in the morning until he's had some.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
34. He could see that the road ahead _______ him was clear.
A. from B. on C. of D. for
35. Maria was so involved _______ her work that she didn’t hear me come in.
A. from B. at C. to D. in
36. The slow cooker is very useful _______ people who go out all
day.
A. about B. for C. in D. at
37. Were you aware _______ the risks at the time?
A. from B. of C. to D. in
38. I've always been afraid _______ flying.
A. of B. on C. to D. at
39. A diet deficient _______ vitamin D may cause the disease rickets.
A. for B. on C. to D. in
40. Breathing in other people's cigarette smoke is bad _______ you.
A. for B. on C. to D. at
41. She was quick _______ understanding what we wanted her to do.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
42. Our neighbors have always been very friendly _______ us.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
43. But to be brilliant _______ it, I have to work hard at it, and I don't actually like it.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
44. There's no money available _______ an office party this year.
A. from B. on C. for D. at
45. If we lose the case we may be liable _______ the costs of the whole trial.
A. for B. on C. to D. at
46. You'll be late _______ your flight if you don't hurry up.
A. for B. on C. to D. at
47. Trains may be subject to delay - we apologize _______ any inconvenience caused.
A. for B. on C. to D. at
48. Contrary _______ all our expectations, he found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
49. He didn't seem very interested _______ what I was saying.
A. in B. on C. to D. at
50. He became internationally famous _______ his novels.
A. for B. from C. as D. in
51. His parents were bitterly disappointed _______ him.
A. for B. on C. with D. at
52. It is rapidly becoming clear _______ me that I'm not suited to being a teacher.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
53. It's not like you to behave like this, Alice - I'm surprised _______ you
A. from B. on C. to D. at
54. He is skillful _______ organizing the parties.
A. from B. on C. to D. at
55. My brother is fond _______ pointing out my mistakes.
A. of B. on C. to D. at
56. When she looked at him her eyes were full _______ tears.
A. of B. about C. to D. at
57. I'm confident _______ his skills as a manager.
A. from B. about C. to D. of
58. What time would it be convenient _______ me to come over?
A. for B. in C. about D. at
59. He is good _______ swimming. He won the gold medal last year.
A. for B. in C. about D. at
60. He's greedy _______ power.
A. for B. in C. about D. at
61. Fiona is very clever _______ physics.
A. for B. in C. about D. at
62. This kind of hot and spicy food is very typical _______ the food in the south of the country.
A. of B. in C. about D. at
63. When she's drunk she's capable _______ saying awful, rude things.
A. for B. in C. about D. of
64. His disability prevents him _______ driving.
A. for B. in C. from D. for
65. That song was popular _______ people from my father's generation.
A. with B. in C. about D. at
66. They were hopeful _______ a successful agreement.
A. for B. of C. about D. at
67. What's wrong _______ you today?
A. for B. in C. with D. to
68. Your mother was clearly not impressed _______ our behavior in the restaurant
A. by B. in C. about D. at
69. He had always been very jealous _______ his brother's good looks.
A. for B. in C. of D. to
70. I'm so grateful _______ you for all that you've done.
A. for B. in C. about D. to
71. Be patient _______ her - she's very young
A. for B. to C. with D. at
72. I feel a little uneasy _______ asking her to do me such a big favor.
A. from B. about C. on D. at
73. Many things make it difficult _______ women to reach the top in US business.
A. from B. with C. for D. at
74. They all made the same comment, quite independent _______ each other
A. from B. in C. on D. of
75. They indulged _______ alcohol and maintained an attitude of defiance to the norms.
A. from B. with C. in D. of
76. In Australia, the prime minister and the Cabinet are responsible _______ the House of Representatives.
A. from B. to C. in D. of
77. We're particularly proud _______ our company's environmental record.
A. from B. with C. of D. at
78. Four groups of ten is equal _______ two groups of twenty.
A. from B. with C. to D. in
79. It's rude _______ you not to say "Thank you" when you are given something.
A. about B. from C. on D. to
80. He's rather keen _______ a girl in his school.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
81. This approach may be helpful _______ people with very severe symptoms.
A. about B. for C. on D. at
82. They've been engaged _______ a legal battle with the council for several months.
A. about B. for C. on D. in
83. I'm terrified _______ the dark.
A. from B. in C. on D. of
84. I'm scared _______ telling her what really happened.
A. of B. about C. on D. at
85. The jury has to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent _______ a crime.
A. from B. with C. of D. in
86. I bought some new shoes which are very similar _______ a pair I had before.
A. about B. to C. on D. at
87. The weather's just perfect _______ swimming.
A. for B. about C. on D. at
88. Anna reminds me _______ her mother.
A. of B. with C. in D. to
89. Residents are fed up _______ the disturbance caused by the nightclub.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
90. He was getting bored _______ doing the same thing every day.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
91. I'm sick _______ him whining about money.
A. to B. with C. of D. about
92. If you're willing _______ fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.
A. for B. about C. to D. at
93. You can thank John _______ the mess we're in.
A. for B. with C. on D. at
94. The restaurant is well known _______ its friendly atmosphere and excellent service.
A. from B. with C. in D. for
95. This group of chemicals is known to be harmful _______ people with asthma.
A. in B. with C. on D. to
96. After the earthquake we felt grateful _______ be alive.
A. for B. with C. on D. to
97. I am not personally acquainted _______ the gentleman in question.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
98. I don't have very much to feel joyful _______ awards at the moment.
A. of B. about C. on D. at
99. The kids are busy _______ their homework.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
100. She was utterly indifferent _______ his irritation.
A. about B. with C. on D. to
101. All these new products were based _______ extensive market research.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
102. This place is very familiar _______ my old house.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
103. I think his career is more important _______ him than I am.
A. about B. from C. to D. at
104. They are deeply suspicious _______ each other's motives.
A. from B. with C. of D. at
105. A lion has escaped _______ its cage.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
106. As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more crowded _______ people.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
107. The army are said to be ready _______ action.
A. for B. with C. in D. at
108. The operators of the rides must keep customers safe _______ personal injury.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
109. The tests are identical _______ those carried out last year.
A. from B. in C. to D. with
110. Emily is entirely different _______ her sister.
A. from B. with C. on D. at
111. How much of the earth's surface is covered water?
A. from B. with C. on D. at
112. Training programs encourage workers to remain loyal _______ their employers.
A. for B. to C. on D. at
113. Is it necessary _______ all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon?
A. from B. in C. on D. for
114. Tax and service are included _______ the bill.
A. from B. with C. in D. at
115. His shirt was open _______ the waist revealing a very hairy chest.
A. about B. with C. on D. to
116. Simon was so absorbed _______ his book that he didn't even notice me come in.
A. from B. in C. on D. at
117. What makes you think that you are qualified _______ this job?
A. about B. for C. on D. in
118. Do you suffer _______ any allergies?
A. from B. with C. on D. at
119. His view of the situation is diametrically opposed _______ mine.
A. about B. with C. to D. at
120. It must be really hard to cope _______ three young children and a job.
A. from B. with C. on D. at

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