Lý Thuyết : Giới Từ (Prepositions)

I. Vị trí
- Giới từ đứng sau tobe -trước danh từ
E.g: The cat is on the table.

- Giới từ đứng sau động từ

E.g: I offen get up at 8 o’clock.

- Giới từ đứng sau tính từ

E.g: She is fond of dancing.

II. Phân loại

1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian

• IN (trong, vào) được dùng để chỉ các buổi trong ngày (ngoại trừ ‘night’ + at), tháng, năm, mùa,
thập niên, thế kỷ hoặc khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.

Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century,
in the Middle Age, in the future
IN TIME: đúng lúc, kịp lúc

• AT (vào lúc) được dùng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc các kỳ nghỉ (toàn bộ những ngày trong kỳ nghỉ)

Ex: at 6 o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend,

at Christmas, at New Year

AT : được dùng trong một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same

time, at once, at that time, at first, at last

• ON (vào) được dùng để chỉ ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong kỳ nghỉ hoặc các
buổi trong ngày cụ thể.

Ex: on Monday, on 24th August , on Christmas Day, on Friday afternoon , on one’s birthday
 ON TIME: đúng giờ

• FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for three weeks, for a long time

• SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Sunday, since 2004

• UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until 5 o’clock, till midnight

• BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime

• AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime

• DURING (trong, suốt): during Summer holidays

• BY (vào lúc): by the end of June

• FROM … TO (từ … đến): from dawn to dusk

2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn

• AT (ở, tại) được dùng để chỉ vị trí tại một điểm.

Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the
seaside, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back

Lưu ý :arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City

• IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên
đường, tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương tiện đi lại
bằng xe hơi (car).

Ex: in a box, in a room, in the countryside, in the world, in Tran Phu ??

Street, in Tokyo, in Vietnam, in the east, in a car/ taxi

• ON (trên, ở trên) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt, số tầng trong một tòa nhà, trước tên đường
hoặc dùng với một số phương tiện đi lại.
 Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Tran Duy Hung Street, on a
bus/ train/ plane/ (motor)bike/ horse, on foot

On còn được dùng trong một số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/
beach, on TV/ radio…

• ABOVE/ OVER (bên trên – không tiếp xúc với bề mặt)

• UNDER/ BELOW (ở dưới, dưới)

• IN FRONT OF (ở phía trước), BEHIND (ở phía sau), IN THE MIDDLE OF (ở giữa)

• NEAR (gần)

• NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên cạnh, kế bên)

• BETWEEN (ở giữa hai người/ vật), AMONG (ở giữa nhiều người/ vật)

• INSIDE (ở bên trong), OUTSIDE (ở bên ngòai).

• OPPOSITE (đối diện)

3. Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động

• TO (đến)
• FROM … TO (từ … đến)
• THROUGH (xuyên qua)
• ACROSS (ngang qua)
• ROUND/ AROUND (quanh)
• ALONG (dọc theo)
• UP (lên)/ DOWN (xuống)
• TOWARD(S) (về phía)
 Bài Tập Tự Luyện
Question 1: Reportedly, many children in Africa suffer _______ severe malnutrition in the wake of the
government’s poor management.
A. by B. of C. for D. from
Question 2: My father is interested _______ playing chess with his friends.
A. on B. with C. of D. in
Question 3: Many years ago, factory workers had to line ______ outsid e the employer’s office every
Friday to collect their salary
A. up B. in C. at D. on
Question 4: We walked ______ the hotel.
A. by B. from C.into D.with
Question 5: In England, an academic year is divided _______ three terms: Spring term, Summer term
and Autumn term.
A. into B. with C. from D. to
Question 6: Susan is fed ________ with the housework.
A. of B. up C. at D. on
Question 7: Being sensitive ______ other when taking part in a discussion is an essential quality to
have.
A. to B. with C. for D. on
Question 8: People often complain ______ the young’s behaviour, but they’re not all naughty !
A. on B. with C. of D. about
Question 9: Sometimes she does not agree _______ her husband about child rearing but they soon find
the solutions.
A. for B. of C. on D. with
Question 10: Hung doesn’t take good care________ himself.
A. in B. of C. about D. for
Question 11: I assume that you are acquainted ________this subject since you are responsible
________writing the accompanying materials.
A. to/for B. with/for C. to/to D. with/with
Question 12: Mrs. Jenkins was too ill to go out and pay her phone bill, and they’ve just cut her_____.
She ought to complain!
A. out B. off C. down D. up
Question 13: Dawn's thinking of setting ________ a social club for local disabled people.
A. out B. in C. up D.off
Question 14: An empty bottle was standing ________ the apple.
A. beside B. up C. with D. cross
Question 15: He should comply ________ the company rules.
A. to B. about C. with D. in
Question 16: The plane takes ________ at 2 p.m
A. on B. off C. of D. in
Question 17: Nga will stay there _______ the coming month ________ December..
A. from/ to B. till/ to C. from/ in D. till/ of
Question 18: She is different ________ everyone else.
A. from B. with C. to D. about
Question 19: I want ________ apply _______ a job in that company.
A. to/ for B. at/ on C. at/ in D. on/ for
Question 20: You cannot buy things ________ money.
A. to B. without C. between D. about
Question 21: She looks a bit ________ Queen Elizabeth.
A. by B. with C. like D. for
Question 22: My friend is good ________ speaking English.
A. in B. on C. at D. about
Question 23: We are looking forward _______ going out next week.
A. from B. with C. to D. about
Question 24: I have known him for a long time, so I’m confident _______ his skills as a manager.
A. in B. about C. of D. All are correct
Question 25: That is last year's telephone directory. It's _____ date now.
A. into B. out of C. besides D. out
Question 26: We can't get everything we want from life; we must just make the best ______ it.
A. with B. of C. for D. by
Question 27: My father taught us not to answer _____ the older.
A. back B. away C. over D. to
Question 28: He’s training the dog _____ the next race.
A. to B. for C. at D. from
Question 29: The workers went on strike on account ______ the low wage.
A. for B. with C. of D. to
Question 30: I know_____ experience how to deal with these problems.
A. in B. of C. off D. from
Question 31: He’s a wealthy man, five hundred dollars is nothing ____ him.
A. with B. to C. for D. toward
Question 32: I’d like to try _____ a place____ a top-tier school like ULIS.
A. for/ at B. on/ at C. for/ in D. on/ in
Question 33: I tried not to fall _____ with my studies even though I’m having a part-time job.
A. down B. over C. out D. behind
Question 34: She got _____ to pay____ her student loan in successive years after graduation.
A. by/ of B. away/ off C. by/ off D. above/ behind
Question 35: Without a clear grasp ____ the American education system, an international student will
find it difficult to make the right academic choice.
A. of B. from C. in D. about
Question 36: When Lisa was studying abroad, she stayed _____ the school dormitory.
A. up B. in C. at D. on
Question 37: Leon had his back _____ the wall as he could not see a solution out of his predicament.
A. to B. up C. on D. in front of
Question 38. I usually hang my raincoat ______ the door.
A. in front of B. on C. out of D. at
Question 39: My brother is a chip ______ the old block; he can play the guitar as well as my father.
A. of B. in C. off D. from
Question 40: ______ the war, many innocent civilians were seriously injured.
A. in B. after C. before D. during

Đáp Án

1-D 2-D 3-A 4-C 5-A 6-B 7-A 8-D 9-D 10 - B

11 - B 12 - B 13 - C 14 - A 15 - C 16 - B 17 - A 18 - A 19 - A 20 - B
21 - C 22 - C 23 - C 24 - A 25 - B 26 - B 27 - A 28 - B 29 - C 30 - D
31 - B 32 - A 33 - D 34 - C 35 - A 36 - B 37 - A 38 - A 39 - C 40 - D

1.sensitive to
2. Acquaint with : quen voi
3. Hang the raincoat in front of the door/ on the back of the door
4. On account of = because of
5. be confident in something
+ confide in
6. comply with : tuan theo