ÔN TẬP TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP ANH 10: UNIT 3 + UNIT 4

GRAMMAR: MẠO TỪ (ARTICLES)

MẠO TỪ A/AN
Mạo từ a Mạo từ an
Đứng trước từ có chữ cái đầu tiên được Đứng trước từ có chữ cái đầu tiên được
phiên âm là 1 phụ âm. phiên âm là 1 nguyên âm.
Ex: a cat Ex: an old man
- Đi với danh từ đếm được số ít, không xác định.
Ex: She’s a teacher.
- Theo sau what/such/quite + danh từ đếm được
Ex: It’s such an interesting film.
- Trước một số tên bệnh: fever, headache …..
Ex: I had a terrible headache yesterday.

MẠO TỪ THE
Là mạo từ xác định, đi với danh từ đếm Ex: the information
được (số ít/số nhiều) và danh từ không đếm
được
Đi với tên các dụng cụ âm nhạc Ex: John’s playing the violin.
The + adjective -> chỉ tầng lớp người Ex: The rich should help the poor.
Dùng cho so sánh hơn nhất Ex: Tim’s the nicest guy I’ve ever known.
Đi với từ chỉ số thứ tự: the first, the second, Ex: She’s the last person to get the ticket.
the last …
Dùng với tên 1 số nước như: the UK, the Ex: She studied maths in the UK.
US, the Philippines, ….
Dùng với các sự vật mà ai cũng biết rõ Ex: The sun rises in the East.
Dùng với thứ được ngầm hiểu giữa cả người Ex: Give me the book on the table.
nói lẫn người nghe
Đi theo cấu trúc: the N1 prep the N2 Ex: The roof of the house was blown.
Dùng với danh từ được bổ nghĩa bởi mệnh Ex: The man whom I saw yesterday was
đề quan hệ insane.
Dùng với cụm cố định như: the Internet, the Ex: There are a lot of reading materials on
radio, the newspaper, the world ….. the Internet.

KHÔNG DÙNG MẠO TỪ

Trước tên môn thể thao, phương tiện giao Ex: I play badminton every afternoon.
thông
Trước tên đường phố, tên hầu hết các quốc Ex: I live in Vietnam.
gia …
Trước tên các môn học, quốc tịch, ngôn ngữ Ex: He majors in Chinese.

PRACTICE
Question 1. My mother is always ________ first person to get up every morning.
A. an B. a C. ∅ D. the
Question 2. Some people believe that Chinese _______ is an easy language to learn.
A. a B. ∅ C. the D. an
Question 3. It’s ________ most terrifying movie that I’ve ever seen.
A. ∅ B. a C. the D. an
Question 4. We had ________ terrible experience last Sunday when we travelled to our
grandmother’s house.
A. an B. a C. ∅ D. the
Question 5. When I went back ______ home, I was surprised that they had finished
dinner.
A. a B. the C. ∅ D. an
Question 6. My favourite pastime is playing _______ violin while my sister likes
watching movies.
A. the B. an C. ∅ D. a
Question 7. She’s lived in London for years so it’s not surprising when she’s fluent in
_____ English.
A. the B. an C. a D. ∅
Question 8. Who will be _______ first person to volunteer to move this box?
A. an B. the C. ∅ D. a
Question 9. I found an interesting article about friendship on ______ Internet.
A. the B. an C. a D. ∅
Question 10. Here’s _______ present he gave me last Friday.
A. an B. a C. the D. ∅
Question 11. The pace of ______ life in big cities is more hectic than in the countryside.
A. a B. ∅ C. the D. an
Question 12. Many charities have been set up across the country to help _______ people
with disabilities.
A. the B. an C. a D. ∅
Question 13. What drives you to become ________ professional football player?
A. a B. an C. ∅ D. the
Question 14. They conducted some research to gain insights into how the pandemic has
affected _______ long-term unemployed.
A. an B. the C. a D. ∅
Question 15. Do you know which is the most populous country in _______ world?
A. the B. ∅ C. an D. a
Question 16. My sister previously worked as ________ interpreter.
A. a B. an C. the D. ∅
Question 17. Tim is _______ honest man; you can trust him.
A. a B. the C. ∅ D. an
Question 18. My mother told me to go to ______ kitchen and bring her a sharp knife.
A. an B. ∅ C. the D. a
Question 19. Have you ever heard about the first man to set foot on ______ Moon?
A. a B. the C. an D. ∅
Question 20. According to new research, ______ elderly are most affected by the
covid-19 pandemic.
A. the B. ∅ C. an D. a
Question 21. The trip to Thailand was one of ________ most terrible experiences in my
life.
A. the B. an C. a D. ∅
Question 22. Roy was _______ last person to leave the office last night.
A. a B. an C. the D. ∅
Question 23. Finding a stable job in such ______ competitive market is far from easy.
A. an B. a C. ∅ D. the
Question 24. She used to travel to work by ________ bus, but now she has her own car.
A. the B. an C. a D. ∅
Question 25. I couldn’t attend the prom since I had _______ fever.
A. a B. ∅ C. the D. a
Question 26. If the weather is nice this weekend, we’ll go out for _______ picnic.
A. an B. the C. ∅ D. a
Question 27. There’s _______ good chance that he will win this match.
A. an B. a C. the D. ∅
Question 28. The artist gave an impressive speech about _________ global warming.
A. the B. an C. ∅ D. a
Question 29. It’s said that _______ Japanese have a very high life expectancy.
A. a B. an C. the D. ∅
Question 30. Many high school students find it hard to study ________ history.
A. ∅ B. a C. an D. the

GRAMMAR: CÁC DẠNG ĐỘNG TỪ (GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES)

DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING)
suggest (gợi ý)
admit (thừa nhận)
deny (phủ nhận)
avoid (phủ nhận)
keep (tiếp tục)
enjoy (yêu thích)
spend (dành)
mind (phiền)
practice (luyện tập)
recommend (đề nghị)
can’t help (không nhịn được)
worth (đáng giá)
He suggested going out for a walk.
He admitted sending this message.
He denied staying up late.
He avoided seeing her.
He kept talking about his relationships.
He enjoys swimming.
He spent two hours writing this essay.
I don’t mind waiting for you.
I practice speaking Chinese every day.
She recommended taking this course.
I can’t help laughing.
It’s worth phoning her.
It’s no use ~ There’s no point There is no point in calling her back.
in (Thật vô ích khi)
consider (cân nhắc)
look forward to (trông mong)
ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO (TO V)
Verb + to V
hope (hy vọng)
expect (mong đợi)
want = wish (mong muốn)
intend (dự định)
promise (hứa)
decide (quyết định)
seem (có vẻ như)
manage (cố gắng xoay sở)
offer (đề nghị)
refuse (từ chối)
threaten (đe dọa)
plan (dự định)
tend (có xu hướng)
afford (có đủ khả năng)
attempt (nỗ lực)
Verb + O + to V
encourage (khuyến khích)
advise (khuyên)
ask (yêu cầu)
tell (bảo)
persuade (thuyết phục)
remind (nhắc nhở)
I’ve considered travelling to New York this summer.
I look forward to seeing you.
I hope to see you soon.
He didn’t expect to meet me.
I want to see you!
I intended to call you.
They promised to pay me back by Friday.
She decided to accept the offer.
He seemed to know the truth.
He managed to get out of the car.
He offered to help me.
They refused to lend me more money.
He threatened to kill me.
They planned to have a holiday in Vietnam.
He tends to cry a lot.
I can’t afford to buy a new car.
He attempted to get the first prize.
They encouraged me to join the team.
They advised me to tell him the truth.
They asked me to keep silent.
They told me to sign my name.
They persuaded me to accept the offer.
They reminded me to lock the door.
require/order (yêu cầu/ra They required me to open my suitcase.
lệnh)
permit (cho phép) They permitted me to park here.
enable/allow (làm cho có thể/ They allowed me to go out.
cho phép)

MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ CẢ 2 DẠNG V-ING VÀ TO V

remember to V (nhớ phải làm gì)
V-ing (nhớ đã làm gì)
forget to V (quên phải làm gì)
V-ing (quên đã làm gì)
try to V (cố gắng làm gì)
V-ing (thử làm gì)
regret to V (tiếc phải làm gì)
V-ing (tiếc đã làm gì)
stop to V (dừng để làm gì)
V-ing (dừng làm gì lại)
need to V (cần làm gì)
V-ing/to be pII (cần được làm His clothes need washing/to be washed.
gì)
Remember to shut the door.
I remember shutting the door before I left.
I forgot to send this email.
I will never forget sending this email.
I tried to call her all day.
Try calling her; she may be at home now.
I regret to tell you that you’re fired.
I regret telling him the truth.
I stopped to rest.
I stopped resting.
He needs to wash his clothes.

ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ KHÔNG CÓ TO

● Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩa nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room.
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.
● Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel, notice, taste, smell, ....
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the mountain.
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.
* Chú ý:
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + Ving (present participle): bắt gặp ai đó đang
làm gì
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + bare inf. : thấy ai đó đã làm gì
 ● Được dùng sau động từ let và help.
My brother let me use the computer.
The parents helped their children set up the tent.
● Được dùng sau các động từ khuyết thiếu và trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall,
would, should, used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did …
● Trong cấu trúc: would rather + Vo
PRACTICE

Question 1. My daughter sometimes practises _____ English with her friends after school.

A. to speaking B. to speak C speak D. speaking

Question 2. Mandy has promised _______ care of our dog while we are on vacation.

A. taking B. of taking C. will take D. to take

Question 3. It was late, so we decided ____________ a taxi home.

A. to take B. taken C. taking D. take

Question 4. He always encourages his daughter _________________ harder.

A. study B. studied C. to study D. studying

Question 5. He raged at us for forgetting ______ the television into the main socket.

A. plug B. plugging C. to plug D. being plugged

Question 6. My uncle tries to spend time _______ with his children though he is very
busy.

A. to play B. playing C. played D. to playing

Question 7. I remember _______ the money in the top drawer, but it’s not there now.

A. to put B. putting C. put D. to have put

Question 8. I have never attempted _______ a marathon.

A. to run B. run C. running D. to be running

Question 9. No one can avoid ______ by advertisements.

A. to be influenced B. having influenced

C. influencing D. being influenced

Question 10. John and Karen persuaded me _______________ the conference.

A. attending B. attended C. to attend D. to have attended

Question 11. I must go now. I promise ____________ late.

A. not being B. not to be C. not being D. won’t be

Question 12. On hearing that she failed the entrance exam, Trang couldn’t help ____ into
tears.

A. bursting B. burst C. to bursting D. to burst

Question 13. We regret _____ you that we cannot approve your suggestion.

A. informed B. to inform C. informing D. inform

Question 14. I deeply regret __________ to her so severely last night. She was badly hurt.

A.to speak B. to be speaking C. being spoken D. having spoken

Question 15. The lecturer recommended ______ a number of books before the exam.

A. reading B. we reading C. to have read D. to read

Question 16. Don’t forget _______________ the letter I gave you.

A. to post B. posting C. post D. posted

Question 17. The girl hoped _______ get the approval of her parents.

A. gets B. get C. getting D. to get

Question 18. I had to ask the boys _________ _________ billiards all the day.

A. to stop / playing B. to stop / to play

C. stopping / playing D. stops / to play

Question 19. Your hair needs _______. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A. to cut B. being cut C. cutting D. cut

Question 20. Would you mind _________ your address on the back of this check?
A. write B. to write C. writing D. written

Question 21. The librarian told us not ______ reference books out of the library.

A. taking B. take C. to take D. took

Question 22. It’s no use _________ for her arrival.

A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waits

Question 23. The biologist doesn’t allow us _________ in the laboratory.

A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked

Question 24. This enabled him ________ the area when he was youngster.

A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visit

Question 25. He would never forget ___________ a medal for helping an old man to
cross the road.

A. being awarded B. to award C. awarding D. to be awarded