MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

Có 3 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (restrictive relative clause)
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là bộ phận quan trọng của câu,
nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng.
Ví dụ:
- The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.
- The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-restrictive relative clause)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là phần giải thích
thêm, nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính vẫn còn nghĩa rõ ràng.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy. Danh từ
đứng trước thường là tên riêng hoặc trước các danh từ thường có các từ như: this, that, these, those,
my, his, her, your, our, their,...
- Không được dùng that trong mệnh đề không xác định.
Ví dụ:
- Peter, who is my boyfriend, is very handsome and intelligent.
- My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor.
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp
Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích cả một câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ quan hệ
which và dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này luôn đứng ở cuối câu.
Ví dụ:
He sent me a bunch of flowers, which made me surprised.

I. ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
1. WHO : Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ người.

….. N (person) + WHO + V + O

Eg: - The woman who lives next door is a doctor.

2. WHOM : thay thế cho tân ngữ chỉ người

…..N (person) + WHOM + S + V

Eg: - George is a person whom I admire very much

3. WHICH : thay thế cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ chỉ vật

….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O

….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

Eg: - The machine which broke down is working again now

4. THAT : thay thế cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ chỉ người hoặc vật, thay thế cho who, whom, which
  Trường hợp bắt buộc dùng that:
- Sau một danh từ hỗn hợp (vừa chỉ người, vừa chỉ vật hoặc đồ vật).
Eg: We can see a lot of people and cattle that are going to the field

- Sau đại từ bất định: someone, somebody, something…..

Eg: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.

- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất: the first, the last….

Eg: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.

- Sau các đại từ bất định: ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY…..

Eg: All that is mine is yours.
You are the only person that can help us.

 Trường hợp không dùng that:

- Mệnh đề không xác định
- ĐTQH có giới từ đứng trước
Lưu ý: Giới từ chỉ đứng trước whom và which, không đứng trước who và that
Eg:
- Peter, who/whom I played tennis with on Sunday, was fitter than me.
- Or: Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Not: Peter, with who I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.

5. WHOSE : thay thế cho sở hữu cách

…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….

Eg: I met someone whose brother I went to school with

IV. Trạng từ quan hệ

Trạng từ quan hệ có thể được sử dụng thay cho một đại từ quan hệ và giới từ. Cách làm này sẽ làm
cho câu dễ hiểu hơn.
Eg: This is the shop in which I bought my bike. ➨ This is the shop where I bought my bike.

1. WHY = FOR WHICH: chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.

…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …

Eg:
I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
2. WHERE = IN/ON/AT + WHICH: thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn.
 ….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….

Eg:
- A/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed that hotel. → The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very
clean.
- This is my hometown. I was born and grew up here. => This is my hometown where I was born
and grew up.

3. WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH: thay thế cho cụm từ/từ chỉ thời gian.

….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …

Eg:
- I don’t know the time. She will come back then.
➨ I don’t know the time when she will come back.
- That was the day. I met my wife on this day.
➨That was the day when I met my wife.

III. BÀI TẬP

Bài 1: Nối hai câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ
1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.

2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.

3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.

4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.

5. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.

6. Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its mysterious monster – Nessie.

7. There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.

8. We then traveled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William.

9. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.

10. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.


Bài 2: Nối hai câu

1. We talked about the party. Sarah wants to organize it for her sister’s birthday.

2. Ms Hannah has paintings in her house. They are worth over $10,000.

3. The couple lives next to us. Their daughter has two sons.

4. This is the house. I grew up here.

5. Jerry received a bad mark on his essay. It was only one page long.

6. Alexa went to see the doctor yesterday. He is a friend of hers.

7. Mr Nguyen had to do all the work himself. His secretary left a few days ago.

8. The boy took the photograph. He gave it to his mother.

9. That is the man. I met him at the party last night.

10. The woman called yesterday. She wants to buy the house.


Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất

1. She is talking about the author________book is one of the best-sellers
this year.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
2. He bought all the books__________are needed for the next exam.
A. that B. what C. those D. who
3. The children,__________parents are famous teachers, are taught well.
A. that B. whom C. whose D. their
4. Do you know the boy________we met at the party last week?
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
5. The exercises which we are doing________very easy.
A. is B. has been C. are D. was
6. We'll come in May__________the schools are on holiday.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
7. Was Neil Armstrong the first person________foot on the moon?
A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set
8. This is the village in________my family and I have lived for over 20 years.
A. which B. that C. whom D. where
9. My mother,________everyone admires, is a famous teacher.
A. where B. whom C. which D. whose
10. The old building__________is in front of my house fell down.
A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom
11. We need a teacher__________native language is English.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
12. I bought a T- shirt________is very nice.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
l3. The woman,________was sitting in the meeting hall, didn't seem friendly to us at all.
A. who B. whom C. where D. when
14. The man with__________I have been working is very friendly.
A. who B. that C which D. whom

Bài 4: Chọn câu đúng:

1. She gives her children everything ..................... they want.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
2. Tell me ...................... you want and i will try to help you.
A. that B. what C.who D. which
3. The place ......................... we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
A. what B. who C. where D. which
4. What was the name of the girl....passport was stolen?
A. whose B. who C. which D. when
5. The bed ...................... I slept in was too soft.
A. whose B. which C. what D. who
6. Nora is the only person ......................... understands me.
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
7. Why do you always disagree with everything...I say?
A. who B. which C. when D. what
8. This is an awful film. It is the worst...I have never seen.
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
9. The hotel ...we stayed was not clean.
A. who B. that C. where D. when
10. The last time ...I saw her, she looked very beautiful.
A. who
B. that
C. where
D. when
11. What was the name of the people ...car had broken down.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
12. I recently went back to the town...I was born.
A. what B. where C. who D. which
13.The reason ........................... I phoned him was to invite him to a party.
A. what B. whose C. why D. which
14. I don't agree with .................... you have just said.
A. what B. who C. when D. which

17. Do you know the girl .......................... Tom is talking to?

A. whom B. what C. which D. whose
18. I gave her all the money ............................ I had.
A. that B. what C. when D. whose
19. The party .......................... we went to wasn't very enjoyable.
A. who B. when C. that D. where
20.The stories .............................. Tom tells are usually very funny.
A. when B. that C. where D. who
21. I met the woman ............................. can speak 6 languages.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
22. Have you seen the money ........................... was on the table?
A. who B. which C. where D. whom
23. Where is the picture ............................ was on the wall?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
24 .I don't like people ............................ never stop talking.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
25. Why does she always wear clothes .............................. are too small for her?
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
26. The factory .................. John works in is the biggest in town.
A. when B. where C. which D. how
27. Have you ever seen the photographs ...................... Ann took?
A. that B. where C. when D. who
28. Everybody ........................ went to the party enjoyed it very much.
A. that B. whose C. which D. who
29. 1945 was the year ........................ the second world war ended.
A. which B. why C. when D. where
30. Is there a shop near hear ........................ I can buy a postcard?
A. when B. which C. where D. who

Bài 5: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. Mr.Huynh, ______ is living behind my house, is a cook.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
2. Her phone ______ was my friend’s got broke.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
3. The man _______ she wanted to see her parents.
A. which B. where C. whom D. who
4. Her grandfather, _______ is 80, often takes exercise.
A. what B. who C. where D. which
5. The woman _______ came here yesterday is her teacher. (Who)
A. who B. that C. whom D. what
6. Freedom is something for ________ millions have given their lives. which
A. which B. where C. who D. who

7. The really happy people are those ……enjoy their daily work. who
A. what B. who C. which D. where
8. My mother loves tokbokki, _________ is a Korea food. Who
A. which B. where C. whom D. who
9. Gin has passed the exam yesterday, ________ is great news.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
10. The book ________ is on the tables is his teacher’s.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
11. The man_____ lives next door is a teacher.
A.that B. who C. which D. whom
12. Peter, _____ I played tennis with on Sunday, was fitter than me.
A.that B. who C. which D. whom
13. The old building__________is in front of my house fell down.
A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom
14. We’ll come in July __________the schools are on holiday.
A. that B. where C. which D. when

Bài 6: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. Sunday is the day _________ most of the Christians usually go to church.
A. in which B. when C. that D. at which
2. Joyce Bews,________ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England,
________she still lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which B. who / where C. that / where D. whom / where
3. According to the research, the time at______ most road accidents happen is early evening.
A. when B. which C. whose D. that
4. The girls and the flowers _____he painted were vivid.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
5. We go to school regularly,__________________ .
A. that makes our teacher happy C.it makes our teacher happy
B. which makes our teacher happily D. which makes our teacher happy
6. The letter _________ grandma was kept carefully in a box.
A. you wrote B. which you wrote to C. to whom wrote D. which wrote
7. Sue lives in the house. The house is opposite my house.
A.Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house.
B.Sue lives in the house who is opposite my house.
C.Sue lives in the house where is opposite my house.
D.Sue lives in the house and which is opposite my house
8. Computers cannot operate without the programmes,________ are often called software.
A. which B. that C. in which D. with which

Bài 7: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

1. The men _______ lives next-door are English.
2. The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace _______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone _______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses _______ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can't find the key _______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
11. I don't like the boy _______ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress _______ she wore yesterday.
13. The man _______ she is going to marry is very rich.
14. This is the bank _______ was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask _______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.

Bài 8: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

1. He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
4. The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The postman ______ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
7. The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A bus is a big car ______ carries lost of people.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
10. Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.
11. The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.
12. The girl ______ recited the poem is my niece.
13. The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to
build a new town hall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's
largest ocean.
15. The newspaper to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.
Bài 9: Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:
1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
2. I don't remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
3. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
.................................................. .................................................. ......

5. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.

.................................................. .................................................. ......
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
9. My wife wants you to come to dinner. You were speaking to my wife
.................................................. .................................................. ......
10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
11. The students will be awarded the present. The students' reports are very valuable.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
12. The book was a lovely story. I was reading it yesterday.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
13. The botanist will never forget the day. He found a strange plant on that day.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
14. Someone is phoning you. He looked for you three hours ago.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
15. The man works for my father's company. The man's daughter is fond of dancing.
.................................................. .................................................. .....

Bài 10: Complete the sentenes with “who, which, whose, where”
1. Many teens ____________ play computer games are addited to them
2. I like games ___________ involce a lot of strategy.
3. The game ___________ Tom offered me didn’t work.
4. That’s the boy ___________ parents won’t let him play video games.
5. The house ___________ they have lived for several years is in the centre of the city.
6. The lady ___________ is sitting over there is my aunt.
7. My friends Alan, ___________ father is a dentist, is coming here next week.

Bài 11: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

1. The men _______ lives next-door are English.
2. The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace _______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone _______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses _______ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can't find the key _______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
11. I don't like the boy _______ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress _______ she wore yesterday.
13. The man _______ she is going to marry is very rich.
14. This is the bank _______ was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask _______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
Bài 12: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:
1. He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
4. The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The postman ______ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
7. The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A bus is a big car ______ carries lots of people.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
10. Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.
11. The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.
12. The girl ______ recited the poem is my niece.
13. The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to
build a new town hall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's
largest ocean.
15. The newspaper to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.

Bài 13: Put who/ whom/ which/ that/ where…. in the blank
1. The parents thanked the woman ____had saved their son
2. The factory _____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of _____I had been before, came into my office.
4. I like the ice-cream ____they sell in that shop
5. He ate the food _____ no one else wanted
6. John has got a new mobile phone ____ takes photos
7. The village _____ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
8. The job for _____she has applied is in London
9. John sold his computer, _____he no longer need, to his cousin
10. Teddy has two cars, one of ____ is very expensive.