UNIT 6: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (Relative Clause)

I. Lý thuyết
- WHO: Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
Ví dụ: The person I love the most in this world is my mom who is a dedicated teacher.
- WHOM: Làm tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
Ví dụ: Do you know the man who/ whom my dad is talking to?
- WHICH: Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật.
Ví dụ: I really want to travel to Korea which has a lot of delicious street food.
- THAT: Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay cho cả danh từ chỉ người và
danh từ chỉ vật. Ví dụ: Sarah keeps talking about the film which /
that she saw yesterday.
- WHOSE: Chỉ sự sở hữu của cả người và vật.
Ví dụ: Mr. Holland whose son has received a scholarship is very proud.
- WHEN (+ on / at / in which): Thay cho danh từ chỉ
thời gian Ví dụ: Tell me the time when (= at
which) we can depart.
- WHERE (= at/ in/ from/ on which): Thay cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn
Ví dụ: Next month I will come back to the place where my mom was born.
- WHY (= for which): Dùng để chỉ lý do, thay cho the reason.
Ví dụ: That is the reason why (= for which) the flight was delayed.
II. Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
Đây là mệnh đề cung cấp những thông tin quan trọng cần thiết để xác định
danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ đứng trước và nếu bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì câu sẽ tối
nghĩa.
Ví dụ: Do you remember the time when we first met
each other? The boy who is wearing a blue T shirt is
my little brother.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Đây là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin cho chủ ngữ và nếu bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì
câu vẫn có nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định có dấu hiệu nhận biết là dấu phảy
“,”.

Ví dụ: Taylor Swift, who is famous all round the world, is a singer.
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn
3.1. Dạng chủ động
Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing). Ví dụ:
- The man who stands at the door is my uncle. => The man standing at the door is my uncle.
3.2. Dạng bị động
Ta có thể dùng past participle (V3) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đề quan hệ khi nó
mang nghĩa bị động. Ví dụ:
- The woman who is / was injured was my neighbor => The woman injured was my neighbor.
3. Rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước
đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặchình thức
so sánh bậc nhất. Ví dụ
a. Chủ động: - The first student who comes to class has to clean
the board. The first student to come to class has to
clean the board.
b. Bị động: - The only room which was painted yesterday
was Mary’s. The only room to be painted
yesterday was Mary’s.
II. Mệnh đề quan hệ trong bài thi IELTS
Mệnh đề quan hệ được sử dụng linh hoạt trong IELTS Writing Task 1, 2 và IELTS
Speaking Part 1, 2, 3 để tăng tính trang trọng cho câu nói và câu văn, đồng thời giúp
cho câu nói và câu văn trở nên tối giản, không bị dài dòng.
- Speaking Part 1:
My favorite film is “The slumdog millionaire”, which received no fewer than 5
nominations for the Oscar.
- Speaking Part 2: Ellen Degeneres, who is famous host of “The Ellen Degeneres
Show”, is also an human rights activist.
- Speaking Part 3: In my opinion, we should avoid eating junk food, which may do
harm to our health.

- Writing Task 1: The table describes the number of students who dropped out of
school in a 3- year period, from 2015 to 2018.
- Writing Task 2: There are a wide range of methods that can be taken by local
authorities to solve the problem of littering.
III. Luyện tập
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào mỗi câu sau.
1. She is talking about the author book is one of the best-sellers this year.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
2. He bought all the books are needed for the next exam.
A. which B. what C. those D. who
3. The children, parents are famous teachers, are taught well.
A. that B. whom C. whose D. their
4. Do you know the boy we met at the party
last week?
A. which B. whose C. who is D.
whom
5. The exercises which we are doing very easy.
A. is B. has been C. are D. was
6. The man next to me kept talking during the film, really annoyed me.
A. having sat / that B. sitting / which
C. to sit / what D. sitting / who
7. Was Neil Armstrong the first person foot on the moon?
A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set
8. This is the village in my family and I have lived for over 20 years.
A. which B. that C. whom D. where
9. My mother, everyone admires, is a famous teacher.
 A. where B. whom C. which D. whose
10. The old building is in front of my house fell down.
A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom

Exercise 2: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. She is the most beautiful girl whose I have ever met.
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2. She can’t speak English, whom is a disadvantage.
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.
3. The policeman must try to catch those people whom drive dangerously.
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.
4. The person about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow.
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.
5. Mother's Day is the day where children show their love to their mother.
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.
6. Do you know the reason when we should learn English?
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.
7. The woman who she told me the news was not a native citizen here.
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.
8. New Year Day is the day where my family members gather and enjoy it together.
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.
Exercise 3: Viết lại những câu sau có sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ.
1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.
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.
 2. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.
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.
3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive.
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.
4. I come from a city. The city is located by the sea.
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.
5. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch.
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.

Exercise 4: Viết lại những câu sau, sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ.
1. My sister works as shop manager. The shop sells woman clothing.
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2. The bridge connects two islands. The bridge was constructed five years ago.
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3. I studied Korean at a training center. Its equipment was innovative and modern.
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4. My best friend loves to go to Seoul. The street food here is very delicious.
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5. Stephen Hawking’s scientific research has contributed a lot to humankind.
Stephen Hawking is an English physicist.
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6. My most favorite item of clothing is the blue T-shirt. My mother bought it for me.
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7. Sydney is located by the sea. Sydney is a city in Australia.
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8. The 10-storey building is on Lavender Street. It is for rent.
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9. Greenhouse effect is on the rise. It has caused many consequences for the environment.
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10. Traffic congestion is still the concern of many authorities. It happens in many
large cities in the world.
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From my point of view, money is only a tool. It will take you wherever you wish, but it is
not as important as the happiness. Happiness, which comes from little and simple things
surrounds you.